Original URL Wednesday, June 1, 2022
Transcript
this was originally i presented this to baltimore uh about two years ago and uh i i just haven't stopped thinking about it since it's just such a beautiful chapterum here is a picture which um i saw in the metropolitan museum of art in new york city which is of the queen of sheba
arriving with all her exotic animals
and all the people coming into jerusalem are to hear the wisdom of solomon
and um [Music] it just sort of suggests because solomon is the author of um
it's attributed to solomon this chapter
and so might make us think about what sort of questions that we might bring to this chapter and just like sheba came to question and to to listen to solomon what
what do we bring what sort of questions do we bring to to wisdom what are we seeking um and what what are we looking for
and what does wisdom mean today to to our lives and [Music]
some of the ideas that we'll look at today um what is firstly that wisdom speaks out she calls out like like a prophet
and then in uh the second section she uh teaches
righteousness and is like a king a king who decrees justice
and uh she emphasizes how
her teaching is better than any material wealth
and of course this is kind of you know particularly pertinent to solomon himself who had great wealth and
you know but found still struggled with um
how to
how to maintain that path
and then probably the most fascinating part and i really want to focus on this section three tonight which is verse 22 to 31 which is
it you know talks about yahweh creating me and has all of the it's very clearly
got a creation uh theme it's got the heavens the earth the waters
um and it's really fascinating how wisdom is described as as being there with yahweh
and there's a particularly there's a
highly debated word
uh describing wisdom there
and then the fourth section is sort of encapsulates the whole thing where wisdom again is just calling out for children to listen to her
and we find her that she's in gates and she's in doorways
which are the classic moments of decision in the bible
and i hadn't quite realized when i started looking at this chapter how influential it has been and how controversial it was actually in the first couple of centuries a.d about trying to understand christ and what uh you know his his role
and so i i feel like i tread lightly uh when when uh when i was reading this
so brother jim boyko asked me when i sent this uh you know said what i would be presenting and the first question was why is wisdom feminine i certainly don't claim to be fully understanding the hebrew language and so david levin or anyone else wants to comment here please do this is this is my understanding from
um from a couple of commentaries and it has to do with the genre genre the language
and um the the techniques of um this poem
so firstly in poetry of course
um there's figures of speech like a word picture
where
something is used to describe in terms of something else for example here wisdom
what we would think of as an abstraction
is presented as a woman we know a woman and so we can use images relating to a person to talk about another abstract idea personification
and there's also
uh languages so english does not have gender we don't think we don't refer to our language words don't have gender whereas in hebrew they do just like spanish and you know italian uh have they
nouns have genders and so they have to agree the verbs have to agree
and it happens that wisdom is a feminine noun
and that's indicated here in in proverbs
8 verse 2 verse 1 actually i think it is where
the verbs
are calling kara and raising her voice have these
the tub which is indicating that they're agreeing with the feminine noun
and and so that when it's converted to english you have to then say talk about her because it's they're they're agreeing
i could not find any explicit reference to wisdom being a woman as in being described like a woman in contrast to
the foolish woman in proverbs 7 which is is described as a woman and also proverbs 31 which isn't really the same but that's where she's described as a wife
and so it's also important to to recognize that wisdom
is not a woman perhaps explicitly refuting or against that idea like asherah uh which was a you know a goddess a feminine goddess that worshipped that was worshipped so
yeah so it's a really interesting question i would love to know if anyone has any questions or comments about that
hey jake yeah so if i understand what you're saying is um
with the wisdom is not described as a one oh i see it there except in proverbs 31. so uh not explicitly is that right
only in this only in proverbs 31 what in not hearing yeah certainly
yeah so there's no like very obvious you know woman or wife or lady or there's no like very obvious
woman words used to describe uh wisdom
it's it seems to be just that the the noun is is feminine and so everything else has to agree with that gender of the word okay rather than
a person
got it got it
and then um
one of the points that you make is that wisdom it's really this personification it's not that wisdom is a goddess like asher it's it's yeah that's right yeah okay yeah that's clear to me brian lloyd also comments that understanding yeah so the second line understanding is also feminine and still has you know the verbs of raising her voice agree
with their
yeah it sort of get i never thought about any of this until i started learning a different language you realize there's genders it's uh english just doesn't doesn't carry that got it hey can i just jump in with an aside for carol carol if you change your v carol made a comment in the chat that she can't see the screen
and uh carol i think in zoom there are different view options one of which will allow you to select uh for example side by side with a speaker and you should be able to see jake's screen then
hope that helps sorry jake
yeah i'll shut up yeah so
yeah no it's okay um i think personification you know or figure of speech is is a good the best way to think about this to to illustrate
uh that's what solomon uses to to really make a word picture
um and also i guess it also implies with without
you know wisdom is not a goddess uh in contrast to many of the cultures which deified
um wisdom or you know had gods for for many different aspects here in contrast proverbs is simply a woman
just you know not uh anything special not that women aren't special but not a goddess i suppose
and i guess it also implies that wisdom [Music] is beyond those traditional sexual binaries that we think about feminine or masculine it's
uh
it's a bit more complicated than that
but yeah it's it's you've got to trap tread a careful line between what's literal what's literary and what's consistent like is this how's this consistently portrayed
uh it seems that the solomon you know the author uses that
because wisdom is in a feminine noun it's also very suitable to talk about use feminine language and what we associate with with uh with you know traditionally feminine things
um
and and that image just builds itself naturally out of what what it was what it is
so let's actually get into the chapter um so the first chapter first sorry little section um is sort of a little introduction and it describes
in verses one to three where wisdom is situated and it's using really clear language to describe her as being at uh the tights the the tops of the heights she's in the way the crossroads the gates the portals the city entrances
and what's she doing there she's calling out lifting up her voice
she's shouting
and so this is
immediately thought of um what jeremiah has told her to do so you know baltimore had been studying jeremiah and so that you know for example verse chapter 7 of jeremiah he is told to go out and stand in the gate of the lord's temple to proclaim a message
to to speak to call out
um
there's this repetition of listening calling the people to listen to to to calling out to them and that's happening in the gate of the lord's temple
um this is you know this is where all the people are this is the crowds out doing their business going about their things and so this is a very public place this is not not
in an ivory tower or you know a city library or something like that this is a very public
demonstration it's very clear
and it chapter ends with the same types of ideas where uh wisdom is waiting
um or sorry the people are called to wait at her doors to watch the posts of her portals
and and to listen to her to listen to her reproofs
and these are the consequences
of those who who do listen to her
and so so another interesting movement is at the start she is
at the crossroads the gates very public place but by the end of the chapter she's in her home
she's in her home and and i guess like david levin suggested which home are we going to we're going to seek the home of wisdom lady wisdom's home or the seductress
who calls foolish people into her home
so there's a movement from public place to a private place
and and
i can't remember who which commentator pointed this out that wisdom loves attention
and uh so true she's seeking attention she loves attention
both by yahweh and also humanity
just like a prophet he's constantly harassing people to listen
jeremiah to turn back to yahweh to
listen to his ways
and another sim some other similarities are found in the second movement to isaiah chapter 40 and
this is where the prophet is crying out
and he's bringing a message of comfort and renewal to zion and to judah
leading to this fantastic creation poem about verse 20 asking this question don't you know haven't you heard weren't you told from the beginning from the first haven't you grasped how the earth was founded do you not know haven't you heard the eternal god is the lord creator of the ends of the earth
in verse back to proverbs
in verse four and five
wisdom is not just calling out to
you know the
the geeks and nerds it's calling out to all people to all men to all humankind and especially uh to the dupes and the fools
this is a universal message it's a very public message
there's a consistent theme of finding of searching
and finding and
this
is consistent with the that
she's speaking to all people this is a very universal
uh message after all humanity
this next section from 6 to 11 again it starts with this listen and what she's speaking and it's becomes she uses
very uh
like a body language her mouth utters her tongue declares truth her lips love wickedness
and in her mouth's
uh right in the right to all my mouth sayings
and uh yeah perhaps this is contrasting to the face or the lips of the the foolish woman in the um or the seductress in the previous chapter
and in chapter nine as well actually
and here is here is
the contrast between straight and crookedness
or uprightness
and twisted
nothing in them is twisted or crooked
they are all plain to the discerning and straightforward for those who define knowledge
and again these are universally accessible to all those who find knowledge
all plain to the discerning
and here wisdom teaches her value
it's greater than material wealth
this verb to take
uh
carries the idea of thinking of eve who takes of the fruit
but here wisdom is saying take my reproof rather than silver
knowledge is choicer than fine gold wisdom is better than rubies and all precious things
can't match her worth
these incidentally these are some of the things that were uh described in genesis 2 as being around eden
there was gold in the land there were
precious gems
it also reminded me of
psalm 19 which is is also a beautiful hymn and poem to to yahweh and creation and also um torah
and then in amongst there is this repetition of six
uh saints
yahweh's teaching is perfect restoring to life
which is and then in verse 10 describes it as more desired than gold
more abundant than fine gold and kind of appropriately to the discussion earlier before the class sweeter than honey
the quintessence of bees
so then in verse 12 to 16 we transition into a theme of leadership
perhaps carrying that idea of you know material wealth and the propensity of of kings to
want to accumulate things
material things
and uh it's
there's there's more hints of of eden here as well of shrewdness i wisdom dwell in shrewdness and cunning knowledge i find
so this is obviously used to describe the serpent in the garden
but it's not necessarily a negative connotation because in proverbs 1 verse 4 wisdom describes
is described to impart shrewdness to the morally naive
so it's not necessarily
you know a negative thing it's i guess it's how it's used
are the net describe this as prudence
and the idea of dwelling in trueness is where are you sitting where's your location
that's what we found at the start where she's out
calling in the public places but by the end of the chapter she's in a house
and we might also think about the the tabernacle or the temple
uh where yahweh came and dwelt amongst the people
and we also get uh down in 15 and 16 where
king through me king's reign ruler's decree righteous laws by me prince's rule as well as nobles and all righteous judges
so these are the
you know people who are set to to lead and to uh
you know to govern on behalf of people and those people need wisdom to govern well
this is uh you know echoed in isaiah 11 which is described how
the messiah would use wisdom to do this very thing
just back to verse 13 where
fear of the lord is hating evil
pride haughtiness and evil way and perverse speech do i hate
very strong language here of of hating
and um
fear of the lord is hating evil and of course this is echoing back in in proverbs one where it talks about the beginning of wisdom
fear of yahweh is the beginning beginning of wisdom
and
i suppose the fearings
suggest a deep unconscious
change
within like a like a transfer of energy of
recognize of recognition
um recognizing the ways of yahweh
hating evil perverse speech again this idea of twisting and
crookedness versus upright and straight
verse 14 mine is counsel and prudence i am discernment
mine is might
this made me think of deuteronomy
particularly because
there's many echoes of wisdom actually in deuteronomy and
it carries it it's also curious because
most of deuteronomy is
is uh moses speaking
and so similar to this chapter 8 proverbs 8 where wisdom is speaking in deuteronomy moses is speaking and so there's similar uh themes and ideas and in contrast to example in exodus where you know the majority of that is god that is the direct speech of god
and both deuteronomy and proverbs are orientated towards very practical skills and prosperity
and life in the land
for example in verse 4 i sorry chapter 4 of deuteronomy moses is saying to be sure to do the statues and ordinances because it is wisdom and understanding to the people who will learn of all the statutes and say indeed this great nation is a very wise people
and of course the classic chapter of verse chapter 6 hear o israel the lord is our god the lord is one you must love the lord your god with your whole mind your whole being all of your strength
and particularly we'll touch on this a little later uh verse 7 of chapter 6 teach my words to your children and speak of them as you sit in your house as you walk along the road as you lie down and as you get up
there's a strong
emphasis on education and particularly educating children intergenerate transferring
between
the the elders to the younger
and and similar idea to wisdom or the father teaching the son in proverbs and also hear the
wisdom teaching to
to the kings and also what we saw before about to to the fools and to to all humankind
but particularly in verse chapter 17 of deuteronomy where
moses describes how when
you know it sort of concedes that when if you have kings yes you're probably going to want to have kings but if you do when you do that then what has to happen is that the king has to make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the priest
it must be with him constantly you must read it as long as he lives that he might learn to revere the lord he's god observe all the words of this law these statues and carry them out
the same idea of fearing the lord through understanding by paying attention to it
and to particularly it ends with not exalting himself above his fellow citizens
just because your king doesn't make you any greater in quality only in position
and then verse 17 to 21 um comes back to those
themes of uh wealth of riches
and um honor
with a with me long lasting wealth and righteousness my fruit is better than all fine gold my yield then the choice is silver
but we yeah just to repeat that in psalm 19 the the same type of emphasis of
that instead of accumulating wealth
well what about the wealth of wisdom
on the paths of righteousness i walk within the ways of justice
to pass substance onto my lovers and their storehouses to fill
and here we get in contrast to the hating we get i will love those who love me and those who seek me diligently will find me
it's very reciprocal isn't it
i love those who love me this is like jesus saying what's the law and the prophets
give unto others what you want to receive
that's what wisdom does
those who seek me will find me
and oh just to touch back on that in psalm 19 about the lord's judgments and commandments precepts teachings
being sweeter than honey
i thought that might
relate to the idea of milk and honey a land flowing with milk and honey
where scripture provides
both milk for the babes and also honey for the mature
for the
you know the discerning and those who seek it
you know jake it's it's steve um
you know i think that verse 17 there has a great contrast with the last verse in proverbs 8 you know so uh verse 17 says i'll love those who love me and then the last verse says uh all who hate me love death right so you know who are you going to love
you're gonna love wisdom or you're gonna love death
pretty easy choice
yeah and that that uh we'll touch on that in in a sec but yeah that that's basically where moses goes in deuteronomy doesn't it he goes choose life don't choose death oh yeah yeah yeah
jake i'm just doing a time check here we have about 15 minutes till uh or quarter after eight right now
thank you
so i love poetry and particularly something i loved during during the pandemic uh long aft long days sitting in the backyard not doing much and that's when i was reading about hebrew poetry by robert alter and so i just wanted to touch a little bit on the structure here of this section from 22 to 31 it's a really really elegant
uh poem
and stands alone as as a poem apart from the chapter and it begins in the first section a
where it begins with yahweh the lord
as the active subject and he created
and i've listed that out here where the second part in verse 26 yahweh is also the subject
and the verb is being is made
but this time the object is earth
and it's the time for example is from the outset and not yet and in between uh we'll get to in in a second
and then in the second section
there's a repetition of when
of time
when when when when when
and wisdom is there
i was there
i was by him
in verse 30. and it transitions from heavens i found the heavens
to strengthen the earth's foundations
so here's the three-part creation of heaven earth and in between
uh it's the deep
you see the waters
and the skies
and then in uh
the
f which i've got in the blue
it indicates that just as yahweh delights in wisdom day by day wisdom delights in humanity at all
times and in a sense this is from transitioning between a d and then f
wisdom delights in mediating between yahweh and his children and in a similar way to psalm 19 where
god's commandments or his instructions his torah brings joy and he's like honey to the mouth
so in these sections there's three main actors there's yahweh there's wisdom and then there's
humankind or the sons of man
and in the middle is wisdom there's a progression of wisdom's role where
she's just passive she was created she was shaped
spawned i was spawned so it's very passive
action things have been done to her
and
before the end so she's transitioned now now she's active she's playing before him playing in the world
and her delight so he's very active as this transition from being passive to active
um through time
and
it's so beautiful in this structure i really it's so elegant and
needs a lot of meditation
it's a kind of autobiography of wisdom it's exquisitely structured of creating
wisdom structuring maintaining the world
and serves as a backdrop behind the narrative
in the subsections of b
there's a development of two verbs used to describe her creating yahweh created me and i was shaped
these are similar verbs to for example psalm 139 where the psalmist is is praising god for how incredible his own body is
for you formed me you formed my inward paths you knitted me together in my mother's womb
and then in stroke c
there's a development of those birth images of um i was spawned
um
robert alter translates them as being the same word but they're slightly different but they carry this idea of birth without necessarily being a human
a human being involved in that
and then in stroke e there's a repetition of these waters the face of the deep the springs of the deep and the waters and the sea
and if you think back to genesis 1 how yahweh separates and divides these to bring forth life these elements these sort of chaotic elements of destruction and darkness that were there in the beginning are divided and controlled
and then in genesis 8 of course with noah
the floods these springs
of the deep and the fountains are let forth to destroy
but here yahweh is speaking of there being limited to not flout his command
just like how his speech yahweh
separated and divided
and then in g
there's playing
it's uh it's fun
it's laughter
playing and laughter
and the only really same ideas i could find is in leviathan of job 41 where leviathan
laughs and plays like
you know what in other parts of the bible leviathan is like a terrible monster but in job it's just
a playful thing to go away there's it's a fun thing
and the horse in job 39 is described as laughing going into battle
and perhaps it carries a similar idea of um isaiah i'm sorry isaac his name means laughter
because he's a miracle child
there's a promise child of promise
um
yeah so this slide is just showing how there's a repetition there's intensification this is
robert alter describes this as being a technique poetic technique where you say one thing and then you emphasize it you repeat it and emphasize it
uh to sort of carry momentum forward so i won't really touch on that because i want to get to this next section of
um
in verse 30 there it really depends on your translation there's very many different translations about this and i had to do a lot of research and didn't really find a good answer
um this is a very rare hebrew word amman
amon
and it could be translated as being like a child robert alter goes with an intimate
which i think
sits in the boundaries between the different translations
and this translating this word as a child or an infant or a nurseling
so some translations use
reflects the earlier ideas we saw about a birth of being created or being born
or spawned
and it it's similar to um numbers 11 where moses is complaining to god
um to yahweh that he was he was not asked to carry israel in his bosom like a child like an infant
or in naomi how naomi takes the child of ruth
and
laid it on her lap and became his nurse
or in esther as this used to describe hadassah
who mordecai brought up hadassah
so in this reading this interpretation wisdom is declaring that while god was busy creating the world she was nearby she was like a child growing up in his care giving him delight
playing before him in the world that she would
that would be inhabited by mankind
and so then when humans are on the scene she
becomes like a guardian and a teacher
and her delight is with humanity
and this type of this translation teaches us that like with since wisdom is in this trusting relationship intimate relationship with god then we ought to be safe by his side even though there's elements of chaos of the waters and and the heavens
um [Music]
that
being by his side is delightful and it's fun playing before him
and his works
i really love this image of wisdom playing and delighting
wisdom is there and
beside him and even yeah this sort of suggests that yahweh is contemplating wisdom
um as part of the design and it's good
and and again that idea of wisdom as being
sort of seeking attention loving
attention
and rejoicing in that
there's also a more common translation actually is as a master artisan or a craftsman
past person i suppose dust woman
and that carries this idea for example in ezekiel sorry that should be exodus 31 where um
belzelle
sorry bezalel
and
uh i know someone else
anyway so bezelele is chosen to construct the tabernacle um and yahweh is saying i have filled him with the spirit of god with skill understanding knowledge craftsmanship
to work with gold and bronze and stone and all types of craftsmanship
and so and this carries this idea of a master artisan who
builds and creates so in this translation it carries more of the idea that wisdom was was by god's side helping him as like an architect or
um you know a more active type of role but in the previous verses there there is no implication that wisdom
was helping god um just that she was being born she was being formed as a development of birth and dependence rather than action
so
yeah i didn't really land on a particular preference yeah i
prefer the idea of a child or an infant because that's more consistent with the earlier verses
but i can also see how craftsman and partisan fits in with that as well yeah this language is used definitely particularly luke has described how jesus grew up with wisdom and favor of god that's definitely picked up in the new testament um
yeah
using this language and obviously uh john 1 the introduction to john 1 proverbs 8 and genesis 1 uh you know it's a midrash they're interpreting they're using that to try and describe jesus are the implications of what it meant for the son of god to come to earth in flesh
and so it's using this type of language
so thank you and i'll just um
try and get forward to the end so we can we can discuss a little more
um yeah so from verse 32 which we looked at this earlier about how
now wisdom is in her home and she's calling for the children to listen to her
um three times
and so you have to ask her okay what are you listening to who are you listening to
and whose house are you going into i suppose
the house of god or house of wisdom
yeah some 19 echoes these same types of ideas um
you know the laws and instructions and commandments are sweet
and so i just want to end here by reflecting on verse 10 and which was like verse 17 i will love those who love me and those who seek me diligently find me
um it's a highly compressed
design pattern of wisdom of like what jesus describes do to others what you want them to do to you if you want x
do that to someone first this is the golden rule jesus describes in matthew as this is the law and the prophets it's reciprocation
and so what we looked at was how wisdom is is out in the public crying out for attention to listen to her and her wealth is greater than material wealth through wisdom king's reign
and so there's great skill in leadership
and we also looked at how yahweh created me
and
you can i'm sure you can think about in your own time about how that's used to describe jesus growing up
before yahweh
but yeah just really have a think about those different ideas of
wisdom being like a child or being like at a crafts person like an architect
they sort of carry different ideas and
i'll be interested to see what other people think about that