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that</c> 00:09:46.070 --> 00:09:48.080 align:start position:0% x 00:09:46.080 --> 00:09:48.070 align:start position:0% x if<00:09:46.240><c> you</c><00:09:46.399><c> get</c><00:09:46.640><c> sick</c><00:09:47.120><c> and</c><00:09:47.279><c> you</c><00:09:47.360><c> get</c><00:09:47.519><c> a</c><00:09:47.600><c> bacterial</c> 00:09:48.070 --> 00:09:50.800 align:start position:0% x 00:09:48.080 --> 00:09:50.790 align:start position:0% x infection<00:09:48.880><c> and</c><00:09:49.040><c> they</c><00:09:49.200><c> give</c><00:09:49.440><c> you</c><00:09:49.600><c> antibiotics</c> 00:09:50.790 --> 00:09:52.160 align:start position:0% x 00:09:50.800 --> 00:09:52.150 align:start position:0% x and<00:09:50.880><c> you're</c><00:09:51.200><c> supposed</c><00:09:51.519><c> to</c><00:09:51.680><c> take</c><00:09:51.920><c> those</c> 00:09:52.150 --> 00:09:55.040 align:start position:0% x 00:09:52.160 --> 00:09:55.030 align:start position:0% x antibiotics<00:09:52.800><c> 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align:start position:0% x and<00:10:22.720><c> the</c><00:10:22.880><c> ones</c><00:10:23.200><c> that</c><00:10:23.440><c> come</c><00:10:23.680><c> back</c><00:10:23.920><c> and</c> 00:10:23.990 --> 00:10:25.839 align:start position:0% x 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:25.829 align:start position:0% x reproduce<00:10:24.640><c> are</c><00:10:24.800><c> the</c><00:10:24.880><c> ones</c><00:10:25.120><c> that</c><00:10:25.360><c> are</c><00:10:25.519><c> not</c> 00:10:25.829 --> 00:10:28.399 align:start position:0% x 00:10:25.839 --> 00:10:28.389 align:start position:0% x killed<00:10:26.240><c> by</c><00:10:26.480><c> the</c><00:10:26.640><c> antibiotics</c><00:10:27.760><c> and</c><00:10:27.920><c> you</c><00:10:28.160><c> have</c> 00:10:28.389 --> 00:10:30.079 align:start position:0% x 00:10:28.399 --> 00:10:30.069 align:start position:0% x now<00:10:28.800><c> actually</c><00:10:29.200><c> changed</c><00:10:29.600><c> the</c><00:10:29.760><c> gene</c> 00:10:30.069 --> 00:10:31.839 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look</c><00:10:59.360><c> at</c><00:10:59.440><c> you</c><00:10:59.600><c> know</c><00:10:59.680><c> the</c><00:10:59.920><c> changes</c> 00:11:00.230 --> 00:11:02.480 align:start position:0% x 00:11:00.240 --> 00:11:02.470 align:start position:0% x that<00:11:00.399><c> have</c><00:11:00.480><c> taken</c><00:11:00.800><c> place</c><00:11:01.120><c> in</c><00:11:01.279><c> dogs</c><00:11:01.760><c> over</c><00:11:02.000><c> time</c> 00:11:02.470 --> 00:11:03.920 align:start position:0% x 00:11:02.480 --> 00:11:03.910 align:start position:0% x look<00:11:02.640><c> at</c><00:11:02.720><c> all</c><00:11:02.880><c> the</c><00:11:02.959><c> different</c><00:11:03.279><c> dogs</c><00:11:03.680><c> that</c><00:11:03.760><c> we</c> 00:11:03.910 --> 00:11:06.320 align:start position:0% x 00:11:03.920 --> 00:11:06.310 align:start position:0% x have<00:11:04.480><c> that's</c><00:11:04.800><c> microevolution</c><00:11:05.760><c> that's</c><00:11:06.000><c> not</c> 00:11:06.310 --> 00:11:08.480 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can</c><00:11:15.040><c> easily</c> 00:11:15.509 --> 00:11:18.560 align:start position:0% x 00:11:15.519 --> 00:11:18.550 align:start position:0% x run<00:11:15.760><c> experiments</c><00:11:16.399><c> on</c><00:11:16.640><c> microevolution</c><00:11:18.079><c> so</c><00:11:18.320><c> our</c> 00:11:18.550 --> 00:11:20.640 align:start position:0% x 00:11:18.560 --> 00:11:20.630 align:start position:0% x problem<00:11:18.959><c> is</c><00:11:19.200><c> when</c><00:11:19.360><c> we</c><00:11:19.519><c> give</c><00:11:19.680><c> bible</c><00:11:20.079><c> talks</c><00:11:20.399><c> we</c> 00:11:20.630 --> 00:11:22.959 align:start position:0% x 00:11:20.640 --> 00:11:22.949 align:start position:0% x tend<00:11:20.800><c> to</c><00:11:20.959><c> really</c><00:11:21.279><c> over</c><00:11:21.519><c> simplify</c><00:11:22.079><c> it</c><00:11:22.160><c> we</c><00:11:22.640><c> we</c> 00:11:22.949 --> 00:11:24.880 align:start position:0% x 00:11:22.959 --> 00:11:24.870 align:start position:0% x teach<00:11:23.200><c> an</c><00:11:23.360><c> extreme</c><00:11:24.000><c> sometimes</c><00:11:24.480><c> we</c><00:11:24.640><c> have</c><00:11:24.800><c> a</c> 00:11:24.870 --> 00:11:26.959 align:start position:0% x 00:11:24.880 --> 00:11:26.949 align:start position:0% x lecture<00:11:25.519><c> not</c><00:11:25.760><c> all</c><00:11:25.920><c> of</c><00:11:26.000><c> us</c><00:11:26.160><c> do</c><00:11:26.320><c> but</c><00:11:26.560><c> sometimes</c> 00:11:26.949 --> 00:11:29.200 align:start position:0% x 00:11:26.959 --> 00:11:29.190 align:start position:0% x as<00:11:27.120><c> christadelphians</c><00:11:27.920><c> we</c><00:11:28.079><c> do</c><00:11:28.560><c> we</c><00:11:28.720><c> get</c><00:11:28.959><c> i</c><00:11:29.040><c> look</c> 00:11:29.190 --> 00:11:30.720 align:start position:0% x 00:11:29.200 --> 00:11:30.710 align:start position:0% x back<00:11:29.440><c> into</c><00:11:29.680><c> crystal</c><00:11:29.920><c> delphi</c><00:11:30.240><c> magazines</c> 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position:0% x angels<00:12:53.279><c> and</c><00:12:53.360><c> he</c><00:12:53.519><c> quotes</c><00:12:53.839><c> the</c><00:12:54.000><c> passages</c><00:12:54.560><c> from</c> 00:12:54.710 --> 00:12:57.760 align:start position:0% x 00:12:54.720 --> 00:12:57.750 align:start position:0% x the<00:12:54.880><c> sons</c><00:12:55.760><c> you</c><00:12:55.839><c> know</c><00:12:56.079><c> that</c><00:12:56.320><c> you</c><00:12:56.480><c> know</c><00:12:56.800><c> the</c><00:12:57.360><c> god</c> 00:12:57.750 --> 00:12:58.639 align:start position:0% x 00:12:57.760 --> 00:12:58.629 align:start position:0% x looks 00:12:58.629 --> 00:13:00.959 align:start position:0% x 00:12:58.639 --> 00:13:00.949 align:start position:0% x he<00:12:58.800><c> refers</c><00:12:59.279><c> to</c><00:12:59.440><c> him</c><00:12:59.760><c> as</c><00:13:00.000><c> god</c> 00:13:00.949 --> 00:13:03.760 align:start position:0% x 00:13:00.959 --> 00:13:03.750 align:start position:0% x not<00:13:01.120><c> that</c><00:13:01.360><c> he</c><00:13:01.519><c> is</c><00:13:01.680><c> god</c><00:13:01.920><c> the</c><00:13:02.160><c> father</c><00:13:02.800><c> but</c><00:13:03.120><c> he</c><00:13:03.440><c> is</c> 00:13:03.750 --> 00:13:06.480 align:start position:0% x 00:13:03.760 --> 00:13:06.470 align:start position:0% x called<00:13:04.320><c> god</c><00:13:04.720><c> in</c><00:13:04.880><c> the</c><00:13:05.040><c> bible</c><00:13:05.680><c> thomas</c><00:13:06.079><c> did</c><00:13:06.240><c> that</c> 00:13:06.470 --> 00:13:08.880 align:start position:0% x 00:13:06.480 --> 00:13:08.870 align:start position:0% x when<00:13:06.560><c> he</c><00:13:06.720><c> said</c><00:13:06.959><c> my</c><00:13:07.200><c> lord</c><00:13:07.440><c> and</c><00:13:07.519><c> my</c><00:13:07.760><c> god</c><00:13:08.480><c> so</c> 00:13:08.870 --> 00:13:11.519 align:start position:0% x 00:13:08.880 --> 00:13:11.509 align:start position:0% x rather<00:13:09.279><c> than</c><00:13:09.800><c> oversimplifying</c><00:13:10.880><c> a</c><00:13:10.959><c> subject</c> 00:13:11.509 --> 00:13:13.360 align:start position:0% x 00:13:11.519 --> 00:13:13.350 align:start position:0% x and<00:13:11.600><c> just</c><00:13:11.839><c> stating</c><00:13:12.320><c> a</c><00:13:12.480><c> case</c><00:13:12.800><c> which</c><00:13:13.040><c> we</c><00:13:13.120><c> think</c> 00:13:13.350 --> 00:13:16.079 align:start position:0% x 00:13:13.360 --> 00:13:16.069 align:start position:0% x is<00:13:13.519><c> easy</c><00:13:13.760><c> to</c><00:13:13.920><c> defend</c><00:13:14.800><c> it's</c><00:13:14.959><c> a</c><00:13:15.040><c> little</c><00:13:15.360><c> more</c> 00:13:16.069 --> 00:13:18.240 align:start position:0% x 00:13:16.079 --> 00:13:18.230 align:start position:0% x work<00:13:16.399><c> maybe</c><00:13:16.720><c> but</c><00:13:16.880><c> you</c><00:13:17.120><c> have</c><00:13:17.360><c> to</c><00:13:17.519><c> give</c><00:13:17.760><c> people</c> 00:13:18.230 --> 00:13:20.320 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discussing<00:13:24.720><c> evolution</c><00:13:25.440><c> make</c><00:13:25.600><c> sure</c><00:13:25.920><c> you</c> 00:13:26.069 --> 00:13:29.279 align:start position:0% x 00:13:26.079 --> 00:13:29.269 align:start position:0% x differentiate<00:13:26.880><c> between</c><00:13:27.760><c> the</c><00:13:28.240><c> microevolution</c> 00:13:29.269 --> 00:13:30.720 align:start position:0% x 00:13:29.279 --> 00:13:30.710 align:start position:0% x and<00:13:29.360><c> the</c><00:13:29.519><c> macroevolution</c><00:13:30.399><c> when</c><00:13:30.560><c> you're</c> 00:13:30.710 --> 00:13:32.880 align:start position:0% x 00:13:30.720 --> 00:13:32.870 align:start position:0% x talking<00:13:31.120><c> with</c><00:13:31.279><c> your</c><00:13:31.440><c> kids</c><00:13:32.160><c> and</c><00:13:32.240><c> you</c><00:13:32.399><c> can</c><00:13:32.560><c> very</c> 00:13:32.870 --> 00:13:34.800 align:start position:0% x 00:13:32.880 --> 00:13:34.790 align:start position:0% x 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going</c><00:14:13.120><c> on</c> 00:14:13.350 --> 00:14:14.320 align:start position:0% x 00:14:13.360 --> 00:14:14.310 align:start position:0% x they're<00:14:13.519><c> going</c><00:14:13.680><c> to</c><00:14:13.760><c> think</c><00:14:13.920><c> we're</c><00:14:14.079><c> some</c> 00:14:14.310 --> 00:14:16.240 align:start position:0% x 00:14:14.320 --> 00:14:16.230 align:start position:0% x religious<00:14:14.880><c> fanatic</c><00:14:15.360><c> who's</c><00:14:15.600><c> just</c><00:14:15.839><c> like</c><00:14:16.000><c> had</c> 00:14:16.230 --> 00:14:17.839 align:start position:0% x 00:14:16.240 --> 00:14:17.829 align:start position:0% x our<00:14:16.320><c> head</c><00:14:16.560><c> in</c><00:14:16.639><c> the</c><00:14:16.720><c> ground</c><00:14:17.040><c> in</c><00:14:17.199><c> science</c><00:14:17.680><c> over</c> 00:14:17.829 --> 00:14:20.240 align:start position:0% x 00:14:17.839 --> 00:14:20.230 align:start position:0% x the<00:14:18.000><c> last</c><00:14:18.240><c> 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biology<00:14:24.639><c> i</c><00:14:24.800><c> used</c><00:14:24.959><c> to</c><00:14:25.120><c> run</c><00:14:25.279><c> experiments</c><00:14:25.920><c> on</c> 00:14:26.150 --> 00:14:27.920 align:start position:0% x 00:14:26.160 --> 00:14:27.910 align:start position:0% x antibiotic<00:14:26.639><c> resistance</c><00:14:27.279><c> this</c><00:14:27.519><c> is</c><00:14:27.600><c> a</c><00:14:27.680><c> very</c> 00:14:27.910 --> 00:14:29.920 align:start position:0% x 00:14:27.920 --> 00:14:29.910 align:start position:0% x easy<00:14:28.240><c> thing</c><00:14:28.399><c> to</c><00:14:28.480><c> do</c><00:14:28.720><c> where</c><00:14:28.880><c> you</c><00:14:29.040><c> can</c><00:14:29.279><c> take</c> 00:14:29.910 --> 00:14:31.600 align:start position:0% x 00:14:29.920 --> 00:14:31.590 align:start position:0% x antibiotics<00:14:30.720><c> and</c><00:14:30.800><c> you</c><00:14:30.880><c> can</c><00:14:31.120><c> put</c><00:14:31.279><c> them</c><00:14:31.440><c> on</c> 00:14:31.590 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align:start position:0% x types<00:14:45.600><c> of</c><00:14:45.760><c> antibiotics</c><00:14:46.399><c> on</c><00:14:46.480><c> there</c><00:14:46.959><c> some</c><00:14:47.120><c> of</c> 00:14:47.269 --> 00:14:48.720 align:start position:0% x 00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:48.710 align:start position:0% x you<00:14:47.440><c> probably</c><00:14:47.760><c> had</c><00:14:47.920><c> this</c><00:14:48.079><c> done</c><00:14:48.320><c> to</c><00:14:48.399><c> you</c><00:14:48.560><c> you</c> 00:14:48.710 --> 00:14:50.399 align:start position:0% x 00:14:48.720 --> 00:14:50.389 align:start position:0% x know<00:14:48.800><c> if</c><00:14:48.880><c> you</c><00:14:48.959><c> ever</c><00:14:49.199><c> have</c><00:14:49.360><c> a</c><00:14:49.519><c> really</c><00:14:49.920><c> nasty</c> 00:14:50.389 --> 00:14:52.480 align:start position:0% x 00:14:50.399 --> 00:14:52.470 align:start position:0% x infection<00:14:51.120><c> and</c><00:14:51.279><c> they</c><00:14:51.440><c> try</c><00:14:51.760><c> antibiotics</c><00:14:52.399><c> on</c> 00:14:52.470 --> 00:14:54.480 align:start position:0% x 00:14:52.480 --> 00:14:54.470 align:start position:0% x you<00:14:52.639><c> and</c><00:14:52.720><c> it</c><00:14:52.800><c> doesn't</c><00:14:53.040><c> work</c><00:14:53.760><c> the</c><00:14:53.920><c> doctor</c><00:14:54.240><c> tries</c> 00:14:54.470 --> 00:14:56.240 align:start position:0% x 00:14:54.480 --> 00:14:56.230 align:start position:0% x another<00:14:54.880><c> antibiotic</c><00:14:55.440><c> in</c><00:14:55.519><c> you</c><00:14:55.760><c> and</c><00:14:55.839><c> it</c><00:14:55.920><c> doesn't</c> 00:14:56.230 --> 00:14:58.320 align:start position:0% x 00:14:56.240 --> 00:14:58.310 align:start position:0% x work<00:14:56.959><c> and</c><00:14:57.120><c> what</c><00:14:57.279><c> you</c><00:14:57.360><c> say</c><00:14:57.600><c> to</c><00:14:57.760><c> the</c><00:14:57.839><c> doctor</c><00:14:58.160><c> is</c> 00:14:58.310 --> 00:15:01.040 align:start position:0% x 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you</c><00:15:06.000><c> know</c><00:15:06.079><c> maybe</c><00:15:06.560><c> eight</c><00:15:06.800><c> or</c><00:15:06.959><c> ten</c> 00:15:07.189 --> 00:15:09.120 align:start position:0% x 00:15:07.199 --> 00:15:09.110 align:start position:0% x of<00:15:07.279><c> the</c><00:15:07.360><c> common</c><00:15:07.760><c> antibiotics</c><00:15:08.720><c> put</c><00:15:08.880><c> them</c><00:15:09.040><c> on</c> 00:15:09.110 --> 00:15:11.279 align:start position:0% x 00:15:09.120 --> 00:15:11.269 align:start position:0% x little<00:15:09.360><c> pads</c><00:15:09.760><c> like</c><00:15:10.000><c> this</c><00:15:10.480><c> they'll</c><00:15:10.800><c> expose</c> 00:15:11.269 --> 00:15:13.680 align:start position:0% x 00:15:11.279 --> 00:15:13.670 align:start position:0% x your<00:15:11.519><c> bacteria</c><00:15:12.160><c> to</c><00:15:12.320><c> them</c><00:15:12.800><c> and</c><00:15:13.040><c> anytime</c><00:15:13.519><c> you</c> 00:15:13.670 --> 00:15:15.680 align:start position:0% x 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but<00:15:22.079><c> these</c><00:15:22.399><c> guys</c><00:15:22.720><c> right</c><00:15:22.959><c> here</c><00:15:23.279><c> whatever</c> 00:15:23.670 --> 00:15:25.600 align:start position:0% x 00:15:23.680 --> 00:15:25.590 align:start position:0% x antibiotic<00:15:24.399><c> is</c><00:15:24.480><c> on</c><00:15:24.639><c> them</c><00:15:24.880><c> this</c><00:15:25.120><c> one</c><00:15:25.279><c> hardly</c> 00:15:25.590 --> 00:15:27.839 align:start position:0% x 00:15:25.600 --> 00:15:27.829 align:start position:0% x works<00:15:25.839><c> at</c><00:15:26.000><c> all</c><00:15:26.160><c> these</c><00:15:26.480><c> don't</c><00:15:26.720><c> work</c><00:15:27.040><c> at</c><00:15:27.199><c> all</c> 00:15:27.829 --> 00:15:30.720 align:start position:0% x 00:15:27.839 --> 00:15:30.710 align:start position:0% x because<00:15:28.240><c> they</c><00:15:28.480><c> are</c><00:15:28.800><c> antibiotic</c><00:15:29.839><c> resistant</c><00:15:30.560><c> to</c> 00:15:30.710 --> 00:15:32.880 align:start position:0% x 00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:32.870 align:start position:0% x that<00:15:30.959><c> specific</c><00:15:31.680><c> antibiotic</c><00:15:32.320><c> and</c><00:15:32.399><c> that</c><00:15:32.560><c> strain</c> 00:15:32.870 --> 00:15:34.880 align:start position:0% x 00:15:32.880 --> 00:15:34.870 align:start position:0% x of<00:15:32.959><c> bacteria</c><00:15:33.839><c> so</c><00:15:34.079><c> these</c><00:15:34.320><c> are</c><00:15:34.399><c> things</c><00:15:34.639><c> that</c><00:15:34.720><c> can</c> 00:15:34.870 --> 00:15:36.880 align:start position:0% x 00:15:34.880 --> 00:15:36.870 align:start position:0% x be<00:15:35.040><c> done</c><00:15:35.279><c> in</c><00:15:35.360><c> high</c><00:15:35.519><c> school</c><00:15:35.839><c> ap</c><00:15:36.160><c> biology</c><00:15:36.639><c> kids</c> 00:15:36.870 --> 00:15:38.480 align:start position:0% x 00:15:36.880 --> 00:15:38.470 align:start position:0% x do<00:15:37.040><c> this</c><00:15:37.279><c> in</c><00:15:37.440><c> high</c><00:15:37.600><c> school</c><00:15:38.000><c> actually</c><00:15:38.320><c> show</c> 00:15:38.470 --> 00:15:40.399 align:start position:0% x 00:15:38.480 --> 00:15:40.389 align:start position:0% x that<00:15:38.639><c> this</c><00:15:38.880><c> works</c><00:15:39.600><c> so</c><00:15:39.839><c> we</c><00:15:39.920><c> don't</c><00:15:40.079><c> want</c><00:15:40.160><c> to</c><00:15:40.240><c> go</c> 00:15:40.389 --> 00:15:42.320 align:start position:0% x 00:15:40.399 --> 00:15:42.310 align:start position:0% x around<00:15:40.639><c> telling</c><00:15:40.959><c> people</c><00:15:41.279><c> today</c><00:15:41.680><c> that</c><00:15:41.920><c> all</c><00:15:42.160><c> of</c> 00:15:42.310 --> 00:15:43.920 align:start position:0% x 00:15:42.320 --> 00:15:43.910 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:15:42.800><c> is</c><00:15:42.959><c> wrong</c><00:15:43.279><c> and</c><00:15:43.360><c> we</c><00:15:43.519><c> don't</c><00:15:43.680><c> believe</c> 00:15:43.910 --> 00:15:46.560 align:start position:0% x 00:15:43.920 --> 00:15:46.550 align:start position:0% x in<00:15:44.079><c> evolution</c><00:15:44.639><c> at</c><00:15:44.800><c> all</c><00:15:45.440><c> because</c><00:15:46.000><c> evolution</c> 00:15:46.550 --> 00:15:49.440 align:start position:0% x 00:15:46.560 --> 00:15:49.430 align:start position:0% x has<00:15:46.800><c> evolved</c><00:15:47.519><c> and</c><00:15:48.000><c> most</c><00:15:48.480><c> of</c><00:15:48.720><c> what</c><00:15:48.959><c> our</c><00:15:49.199><c> kids</c> 00:15:49.430 --> 00:15:52.320 align:start position:0% x 00:15:49.440 --> 00:15:52.310 align:start position:0% x are<00:15:49.600><c> being</c><00:15:49.839><c> told</c><00:15:50.160><c> in</c><00:15:50.240><c> school</c><00:15:50.560><c> today</c><00:15:51.279><c> is</c><00:15:51.680><c> micro</c> 00:15:52.310 --> 00:15:53.600 align:start position:0% x 00:15:52.320 --> 00:15:53.590 align:start position:0% x evolution 00:15:53.590 --> 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it</c> 00:16:08.470 --> 00:16:11.519 align:start position:0% x 00:16:08.480 --> 00:16:11.509 align:start position:0% x but<00:16:08.720><c> why</c><00:16:08.880><c> did</c><00:16:09.040><c> they</c><00:16:09.199><c> find</c><00:16:09.519><c> out</c><00:16:09.600><c> is</c><00:16:09.759><c> hopeless</c> 00:16:11.509 --> 00:16:13.920 align:start position:0% x 00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:13.910 align:start position:0% x not<00:16:11.680><c> enough</c><00:16:12.000><c> time</c><00:16:12.800><c> there's</c><00:16:13.040><c> just</c><00:16:13.360><c> not</c><00:16:13.759><c> you</c> 00:16:13.910 --> 00:16:15.360 align:start position:0% x 00:16:13.920 --> 00:16:15.350 align:start position:0% x can't<00:16:14.160><c> run</c><00:16:14.320><c> an</c><00:16:14.480><c> experiment</c><00:16:14.959><c> that</c><00:16:15.040><c> takes</c><00:16:15.279><c> a</c> 00:16:15.350 --> 00:16:16.639 align:start position:0% x 00:16:15.360 --> 00:16:16.629 align:start position:0% x million<00:16:15.680><c> years</c> 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--> 00:18:35.909 align:start position:0% x grew<00:18:34.559><c> up</c><00:18:34.640><c> in</c><00:18:34.720><c> this</c><00:18:34.960><c> day</c><00:18:35.120><c> and</c><00:18:35.280><c> age</c><00:18:35.440><c> but</c><00:18:35.600><c> now</c> 00:18:35.909 --> 00:18:38.160 align:start position:0% x 00:18:35.919 --> 00:18:38.150 align:start position:0% x change<00:18:36.240><c> to</c><00:18:36.400><c> this</c><00:18:36.720><c> over</c><00:18:36.960><c> time</c><00:18:37.520><c> and</c><00:18:37.679><c> eventually</c> 00:18:38.150 --> 00:18:39.919 align:start position:0% x 00:18:38.160 --> 00:18:39.909 align:start position:0% x they<00:18:38.320><c> figure</c><00:18:38.640><c> it's</c><00:18:38.720><c> just</c><00:18:38.960><c> going</c><00:18:39.039><c> to</c><00:18:39.120><c> be</c><00:18:39.280><c> that</c> 00:18:39.909 --> 00:18:41.679 align:start position:0% x 00:18:39.919 --> 00:18:41.669 align:start position:0% x and<00:18:40.320><c> that's</c><00:18:40.640><c> that's</c><00:18:40.880><c> where</c><00:18:41.039><c> evolution</c><00:18:41.600><c> is</c> 00:18:41.669 --> 00:18:42.720 align:start position:0% x 00:18:41.679 --> 00:18:42.710 align:start position:0% x headed 00:18:42.710 --> 00:18:45.039 align:start position:0% x 00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:45.029 align:start position:0% x all<00:18:42.880><c> right</c><00:18:43.360><c> now</c><00:18:43.919><c> what</c><00:18:44.160><c> are</c><00:18:44.320><c> kids</c><00:18:44.640><c> being</c><00:18:44.799><c> told</c> 00:18:45.029 --> 00:18:47.039 align:start position:0% x 00:18:45.039 --> 00:18:47.029 align:start position:0% x in<00:18:45.200><c> school</c><00:18:45.440><c> today</c><00:18:45.919><c> here's</c><00:18:46.240><c> where</c><00:18:46.480><c> evolution</c> 00:18:47.029 --> 00:18:49.840 align:start position:0% x 00:18:47.039 --> 00:18:49.830 align:start position:0% x has<00:18:47.360><c> extremely</c><00:18:48.000><c> evolved</c><00:18:48.960><c> the</c><00:18:49.280><c> current</c> 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textbook<00:18:57.440><c> it</c><00:18:57.679><c> is</c><00:18:57.840><c> now</c><00:18:58.080><c> defined</c><00:18:58.559><c> to</c><00:18:58.720><c> be</c><00:18:59.360><c> any</c> 00:18:59.750 --> 00:19:01.919 align:start position:0% x 00:18:59.760 --> 00:19:01.909 align:start position:0% x change<00:19:00.160><c> in</c><00:19:00.320><c> the</c><00:19:00.559><c> genes</c><00:19:01.120><c> or</c><00:19:01.280><c> the</c><00:19:01.520><c> gene</c> 00:19:01.909 --> 00:19:04.240 align:start position:0% x 00:19:01.919 --> 00:19:04.230 align:start position:0% x frequencies<00:19:02.640><c> of</c><00:19:02.799><c> a</c><00:19:02.880><c> population</c> 00:19:04.230 --> 00:19:06.080 align:start position:0% x 00:19:04.240 --> 00:19:06.070 align:start position:0% x that's<00:19:04.559><c> the</c><00:19:04.720><c> current</c><00:19:05.200><c> definition</c><00:19:05.840><c> of</c> 00:19:06.070 --> 00:19:08.799 align:start position:0% x 00:19:06.080 --> 00:19:08.789 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:19:07.039><c> so</c><00:19:07.280><c> it's</c><00:19:07.440><c> not</c><00:19:07.600><c> even</c><00:19:07.840><c> defined</c><00:19:08.240><c> about</c> 00:19:08.789 --> 00:19:10.640 align:start position:0% x 00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:10.630 align:start position:0% x everything<00:19:09.120><c> around</c><00:19:09.360><c> the</c><00:19:09.440><c> world</c><00:19:10.000><c> is</c><00:19:10.160><c> to</c><00:19:10.320><c> find</c> 00:19:10.630 --> 00:19:13.120 align:start position:0% x 00:19:10.640 --> 00:19:13.110 align:start position:0% x about<00:19:10.960><c> a</c><00:19:11.039><c> population</c><00:19:12.240><c> and</c><00:19:12.400><c> a</c><00:19:12.480><c> population</c> 00:19:13.110 --> 00:19:15.120 align:start position:0% x 00:19:13.120 --> 00:19:15.110 align:start position:0% x could<00:19:13.280><c> be</c><00:19:13.440><c> something</c><00:19:13.760><c> as</c><00:19:13.919><c> small</c><00:19:14.320><c> as</c><00:19:14.960><c> a</c> 00:19:15.110 --> 00:19:17.200 align:start position:0% x 00:19:15.120 --> 00:19:17.190 align:start position:0% x population<00:19:15.919><c> of</c><00:19:16.080><c> swirls</c><00:19:16.559><c> up</c><00:19:16.720><c> here</c><00:19:16.880><c> on</c><00:19:17.039><c> this</c> 00:19:17.190 --> 00:19:19.360 align:start position:0% x 00:19:17.200 --> 00:19:19.350 align:start position:0% x mountain<00:19:17.919><c> or</c><00:19:18.160><c> it</c><00:19:18.240><c> could</c><00:19:18.400><c> be</c><00:19:18.559><c> a</c><00:19:18.640><c> population</c><00:19:19.280><c> of</c> 00:19:19.350 --> 00:19:21.760 align:start position:0% x 00:19:19.360 --> 00:19:21.750 align:start position:0% x bacteria<00:19:19.919><c> that</c><00:19:20.160><c> are</c><00:19:20.240><c> growing</c><00:19:20.720><c> in</c><00:19:20.880><c> me</c> 00:19:21.750 --> 00:19:23.200 align:start position:0% x 00:19:21.760 --> 00:19:23.190 align:start position:0% x that<00:19:22.000><c> if</c><00:19:22.160><c> i</c><00:19:22.240><c> can</c><00:19:22.400><c> change</c><00:19:22.799><c> the</c><00:19:22.960><c> gene</c> 00:19:23.190 --> 00:19:25.679 align:start position:0% x 00:19:23.200 --> 00:19:25.669 align:start position:0% x frequencies<00:19:23.919><c> of</c><00:19:24.000><c> that</c><00:19:24.240><c> population</c><00:19:25.120><c> that</c><00:19:25.440><c> is</c> 00:19:25.669 --> 00:19:27.840 align:start position:0% x 00:19:25.679 --> 00:19:27.830 align:start position:0% x currently<00:19:26.160><c> considered</c><00:19:26.799><c> evolution</c><00:19:27.600><c> that's</c> 00:19:27.830 --> 00:19:30.080 align:start position:0% x 00:19:27.840 --> 00:19:30.070 align:start position:0% x how<00:19:28.160><c> broad</c><00:19:28.799><c> the</c><00:19:28.960><c> definition</c><00:19:29.600><c> has</c><00:19:29.760><c> become</c> 00:19:30.070 --> 00:19:33.280 align:start position:0% x 00:19:30.080 --> 00:19:33.270 align:start position:0% x today<00:19:30.400><c> it</c><00:19:30.559><c> really</c><00:19:30.960><c> has</c><00:19:31.440><c> evolved</c><00:19:32.480><c> and</c><00:19:32.960><c> part</c><00:19:33.200><c> of</c> 00:19:33.270 --> 00:19:34.799 align:start position:0% x 00:19:33.280 --> 00:19:34.789 align:start position:0% x that<00:19:33.520><c> is</c><00:19:33.679><c> because</c><00:19:34.000><c> this</c><00:19:34.240><c> is</c><00:19:34.320><c> where</c><00:19:34.559><c> all</c><00:19:34.640><c> the</c> 00:19:34.789 --> 00:19:37.039 align:start position:0% x 00:19:34.799 --> 00:19:37.029 align:start position:0% x practical<00:19:35.280><c> stuff</c><00:19:35.600><c> really</c><00:19:35.919><c> is</c><00:19:36.480><c> and</c><00:19:36.799><c> that</c> 00:19:37.029 --> 00:19:39.520 align:start position:0% x 00:19:37.039 --> 00:19:39.510 align:start position:0% x definition<00:19:37.760><c> means</c><00:19:38.240><c> that</c><00:19:38.400><c> you</c><00:19:38.640><c> can't</c><00:19:38.960><c> just</c><00:19:39.280><c> say</c> 00:19:39.510 --> 00:19:41.600 align:start position:0% x 00:19:39.520 --> 00:19:41.590 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in</c><00:21:59.760><c> in</c><00:21:59.919><c> lectures</c><00:22:00.320><c> that</c><00:22:00.400><c> we</c> 00:22:00.549 --> 00:22:04.000 align:start position:0% x 00:22:00.559 --> 00:22:03.990 align:start position:0% x give<00:22:01.200><c> is</c><00:22:01.520><c> macroevolution</c><00:22:02.799><c> which</c><00:22:03.039><c> is</c><00:22:03.280><c> a</c><00:22:03.600><c> jump</c> 00:22:03.990 --> 00:22:06.159 align:start position:0% x 00:22:04.000 --> 00:22:06.149 align:start position:0% x from<00:22:04.240><c> this</c><00:22:04.960><c> to</c><00:22:05.120><c> that</c><00:22:05.440><c> this</c><00:22:05.679><c> this</c><00:22:05.919><c> is</c><00:22:06.000><c> the</c> 00:22:06.149 --> 00:22:08.240 align:start position:0% x 00:22:06.159 --> 00:22:08.230 align:start position:0% x bigger<00:22:06.480><c> one</c><00:22:06.960><c> that</c><00:22:07.280><c> now</c><00:22:07.520><c> because</c><00:22:07.840><c> these</c><00:22:08.000><c> little</c> 00:22:08.230 --> 00:22:10.720 align:start position:0% x 00:22:08.240 --> 00:22:10.710 align:start position:0% x changes<00:22:08.640><c> can</c><00:22:08.799><c> take</c><00:22:09.039><c> place</c><00:22:09.280><c> over</c><00:22:09.520><c> time</c><00:22:10.240><c> well</c> 00:22:10.710 --> 00:22:12.480 align:start position:0% x 00:22:10.720 --> 00:22:12.470 align:start position:0% x imagine<00:22:11.200><c> if</c><00:22:11.280><c> you</c><00:22:11.440><c> did</c><00:22:11.679><c> that</c><00:22:11.919><c> for</c><00:22:12.080><c> a</c><00:22:12.159><c> million</c> 00:22:12.470 --> 00:22:14.480 align:start position:0% x 00:22:12.480 --> 00:22:14.470 align:start position:0% x years<00:22:13.039><c> i</c><00:22:13.280><c> think</c><00:22:13.440><c> this</c><00:22:13.600><c> could</c><00:22:13.760><c> develop</c><00:22:14.159><c> into</c><00:22:14.400><c> a</c> 00:22:14.470 --> 00:22:15.840 align:start position:0% x 00:22:14.480 --> 00:22:15.830 align:start position:0% x new<00:22:14.640><c> species</c> 00:22:15.830 --> 00:22:18.000 align:start position:0% x 00:22:15.840 --> 00:22:17.990 align:start position:0% x nobody<00:22:16.320><c> knows</c><00:22:16.880><c> if</c><00:22:17.039><c> that</c><00:22:17.200><c> could</c><00:22:17.360><c> really</c><00:22:17.600><c> happen</c> 00:22:17.990 --> 00:22:18.960 align:start position:0% x 00:22:18.000 --> 00:22:18.950 align:start position:0% x yes 00:22:18.950 --> 00:22:20.000 align:start position:0% x 00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:19.990 align:start position:0% x uh 00:22:19.990 --> 00:22:21.679 align:start position:0% x 00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:21.669 align:start position:0% x which<00:22:20.240><c> one</c><00:22:20.400><c> of</c><00:22:20.480><c> those</c><00:22:20.640><c> two</c><00:22:20.880><c> does</c><00:22:21.120><c> the</c><00:22:21.200><c> concept</c> 00:22:21.669 --> 00:22:24.919 align:start position:0% x 00:22:21.679 --> 00:22:24.919 align:start position:0% x of<00:22:21.919><c> um</c> 00:22:26.070 --> 00:22:26.070 align:start position:0% x 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--> 00:22:38.310 align:start position:0% x a<00:22:36.400><c> mechanism</c><00:22:37.039><c> of</c><00:22:37.200><c> evolution</c> 00:22:38.310 --> 00:22:40.320 align:start position:0% x 00:22:38.320 --> 00:22:40.310 align:start position:0% x so<00:22:38.559><c> that</c><00:22:38.960><c> for</c><00:22:39.120><c> example</c><00:22:39.600><c> when</c><00:22:39.760><c> you</c><00:22:40.080><c> have</c> 00:22:40.310 --> 00:22:42.000 align:start position:0% x 00:22:40.320 --> 00:22:41.990 align:start position:0% x selection<00:22:40.799><c> occurring</c><00:22:41.200><c> like</c><00:22:41.360><c> when</c><00:22:41.520><c> the</c><00:22:41.679><c> snow</c> 00:22:41.990 --> 00:22:43.200 align:start position:0% x 00:22:42.000 --> 00:22:43.190 align:start position:0% x comes<00:22:42.320><c> down</c> 00:22:43.190 --> 00:22:45.120 align:start position:0% x 00:22:43.200 --> 00:22:45.110 align:start position:0% x and<00:22:43.520><c> the</c><00:22:43.679><c> bunny</c><00:22:44.080><c> rabbits</c><00:22:44.480><c> or</c><00:22:44.640><c> the</c><00:22:44.960><c> the</c> 00:22:45.110 --> 00:22:46.960 align:start position:0% x 00:22:45.120 --> 00:22:46.950 align:start position:0% x squirrels<00:22:45.520><c> that</c><00:22:45.679><c> are</c><00:22:45.760><c> light</c><00:22:46.000><c> colored</c><00:22:46.559><c> blend</c> 00:22:46.950 --> 00:22:48.960 align:start position:0% x 00:22:46.960 --> 00:22:48.950 align:start position:0% x in<00:22:47.039><c> better</c><00:22:47.360><c> with</c><00:22:47.520><c> the</c><00:22:47.679><c> snow</c><00:22:48.480><c> natural</c> 00:22:48.950 --> 00:22:51.200 align:start position:0% x 00:22:48.960 --> 00:22:51.190 align:start position:0% x selection<00:22:49.520><c> then</c><00:22:49.760><c> picks</c><00:22:50.080><c> out</c><00:22:50.320><c> which</c><00:22:50.640><c> ones</c><00:22:50.960><c> are</c> 00:22:51.190 --> 00:22:53.280 align:start position:0% x 00:22:51.200 --> 00:22:53.270 align:start position:0% x fit<00:22:51.360><c> to</c><00:22:51.520><c> survive</c><00:22:52.159><c> which</c><00:22:52.720><c> are</c><00:22:52.799><c> the</c><00:22:52.960><c> ones</c><00:22:53.200><c> that</c> 00:22:53.270 --> 00:22:55.440 align:start position:0% x 00:22:53.280 --> 00:22:55.430 align:start position:0% x blend<00:22:53.600><c> in</c><00:22:53.760><c> the</c><00:22:53.919><c> best</c><00:22:54.559><c> are</c><00:22:54.640><c> the</c><00:22:54.799><c> ones</c><00:22:55.039><c> that</c><00:22:55.280><c> run</c> 00:22:55.430 --> 00:22:57.919 align:start position:0% x 00:22:55.440 --> 00:22:57.909 align:start position:0% x the<00:22:55.600><c> fastest</c><00:22:56.559><c> and</c><00:22:56.640><c> then</c><00:22:56.799><c> the</c><00:22:56.960><c> next</c><00:22:57.280><c> generation</c> 00:22:57.909 --> 00:23:00.480 align:start position:0% x 00:22:57.919 --> 00:23:00.470 align:start position:0% x has<00:22:58.240><c> more</c><00:22:58.559><c> genes</c><00:22:58.880><c> like</c><00:22:59.200><c> them</c> 00:23:00.470 --> 00:23:02.000 align:start position:0% x 00:23:00.480 --> 00:23:01.990 align:start position:0% x how<00:23:00.720><c> does</c><00:23:00.799><c> that</c><00:23:01.039><c> change</c><00:23:01.280><c> their</c><00:23:01.520><c> genes</c><00:23:01.840><c> just</c> 00:23:01.990 --> 00:23:03.120 align:start position:0% x 00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:03.110 align:start position:0% x because 00:23:03.110 --> 00:23:05.679 align:start position:0% x 00:23:03.120 --> 00:23:05.669 align:start position:0% x oh<00:23:03.360><c> because</c><00:23:03.760><c> they</c><00:23:04.080><c> agree</c><00:23:04.400><c> with</c><00:23:04.640><c> more</c><00:23:05.280><c> that's</c> 00:23:05.669 --> 00:23:07.120 align:start position:0% x 00:23:05.679 --> 00:23:07.110 align:start position:0% x right 00:23:07.110 --> 00:23:08.640 align:start position:0% x 00:23:07.120 --> 00:23:08.630 align:start position:0% x and<00:23:07.280><c> then</c><00:23:07.520><c> let's</c><00:23:07.679><c> see</c><00:23:07.840><c> that</c><00:23:08.000><c> brings</c><00:23:08.240><c> up</c><00:23:08.400><c> a</c><00:23:08.480><c> good</c> 00:23:08.630 --> 00:23:10.799 align:start position:0% x 00:23:08.640 --> 00:23:10.789 align:start position:0% x thing<00:23:08.880><c> because</c><00:23:09.200><c> evolution</c><00:23:09.760><c> is</c><00:23:10.000><c> not</c><00:23:10.240><c> about</c> 00:23:10.789 --> 00:23:13.919 align:start position:0% x 00:23:10.799 --> 00:23:13.909 align:start position:0% x changing<00:23:11.360><c> the</c><00:23:11.600><c> genes</c><00:23:12.159><c> of</c><00:23:12.320><c> an</c><00:23:12.480><c> individual</c> 00:23:13.909 --> 00:23:16.240 align:start position:0% x 00:23:13.919 --> 00:23:16.230 align:start position:0% x like<00:23:14.480><c> you</c><00:23:14.720><c> can't</c><00:23:15.039><c> evolve</c><00:23:15.600><c> nobody</c><00:23:16.000><c> ever</c> 00:23:16.230 --> 00:23:17.840 align:start position:0% x 00:23:16.240 --> 00:23:17.830 align:start position:0% x believed<00:23:16.640><c> now</c><00:23:16.799><c> no</c><00:23:17.039><c> scientists</c><00:23:17.520><c> have</c><00:23:17.679><c> ever</c> 00:23:17.830 --> 00:23:19.840 align:start position:0% x 00:23:17.840 --> 00:23:19.830 align:start position:0% x taught<00:23:18.080><c> that</c><00:23:18.400><c> that</c><00:23:18.640><c> an</c><00:23:18.880><c> individual</c><00:23:19.600><c> can</c> 00:23:19.830 --> 00:23:23.760 align:start position:0% x 00:23:19.840 --> 00:23:23.750 align:start position:0% x evolve<00:23:20.720><c> a</c><00:23:20.960><c> population</c><00:23:22.159><c> evolves</c><00:23:23.120><c> because</c><00:23:23.520><c> the</c> 00:23:23.750 --> 00:23:26.400 align:start position:0% x 00:23:23.760 --> 00:23:26.390 align:start position:0% x genes<00:23:24.400><c> change</c><00:23:24.960><c> because</c><00:23:25.360><c> the</c><00:23:25.600><c> survivors</c> 00:23:26.390 --> 00:23:29.919 align:start position:0% x 00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:29.909 align:start position:0% x reproduce<00:23:27.679><c> and</c><00:23:27.919><c> pass</c><00:23:28.240><c> on</c><00:23:28.400><c> their</c><00:23:28.640><c> genes</c><00:23:29.440><c> so</c><00:23:29.679><c> if</c> 00:23:29.909 --> 00:23:32.320 align:start position:0% x 00:23:29.919 --> 00:23:32.310 align:start position:0% x a<00:23:30.000><c> lot</c><00:23:30.159><c> of</c><00:23:30.400><c> white</c><00:23:30.640><c> rabbits</c><00:23:31.120><c> are</c><00:23:31.200><c> around</c> 00:23:32.310 --> 00:23:34.480 align:start position:0% x 00:23:32.320 --> 00:23:34.470 align:start position:0% x then<00:23:32.640><c> they</c><00:23:32.880><c> will</c><00:23:33.120><c> reproduce</c><00:23:33.760><c> and</c><00:23:33.919><c> produce</c><00:23:34.400><c> a</c> 00:23:34.470 --> 00:23:36.400 align:start position:0% x 00:23:34.480 --> 00:23:36.390 align:start position:0% x whole<00:23:34.640><c> bunch</c><00:23:34.960><c> of</c><00:23:35.039><c> white</c><00:23:35.280><c> rabbits</c><00:23:35.919><c> during</c><00:23:36.240><c> the</c> 00:23:36.390 --> 00:23:37.919 align:start position:0% x 00:23:36.400 --> 00:23:37.909 align:start position:0% x summer<00:23:36.799><c> there's</c><00:23:37.120><c> going</c><00:23:37.200><c> to</c><00:23:37.280><c> be</c><00:23:37.440><c> a</c><00:23:37.520><c> whole</c><00:23:37.679><c> bunch</c> 00:23:37.909 --> 00:23:39.840 align:start position:0% x 00:23:37.919 --> 00:23:39.830 align:start position:0% x of<00:23:38.000><c> brown</c><00:23:38.320><c> rabbits</c><00:23:38.720><c> around</c><00:23:39.360><c> and</c><00:23:39.520><c> they</c><00:23:39.679><c> will</c> 00:23:39.830 --> 00:23:41.679 align:start position:0% x 00:23:39.840 --> 00:23:41.669 align:start position:0% x reproduce<00:23:40.480><c> and</c><00:23:40.559><c> produce</c><00:23:41.039><c> lots</c><00:23:41.279><c> of</c><00:23:41.360><c> brown</c> 00:23:41.669 --> 00:23:43.679 align:start position:0% x 00:23:41.679 --> 00:23:43.669 align:start position:0% x rabbits<00:23:42.559><c> and</c><00:23:42.720><c> you</c><00:23:42.799><c> can</c><00:23:42.960><c> do</c><00:23:43.039><c> the</c><00:23:43.200><c> same</c><00:23:43.440><c> kind</c><00:23:43.600><c> of</c> 00:23:43.669 --> 00:23:45.919 align:start position:0% x 00:23:43.679 --> 00:23:45.909 align:start position:0% x thing<00:23:43.919><c> within</c><00:23:44.320><c> our</c><00:23:44.400><c> bodies</c><00:23:45.120><c> and</c><00:23:45.279><c> when</c><00:23:45.440><c> we</c><00:23:45.679><c> take</c> 00:23:45.909 --> 00:23:48.080 align:start position:0% x 00:23:45.919 --> 00:23:48.070 align:start position:0% x antibiotics<00:23:46.640><c> it's</c><00:23:46.799><c> not</c><00:23:47.120><c> natural</c><00:23:47.520><c> selection</c> 00:23:48.070 --> 00:23:49.919 align:start position:0% x 00:23:48.080 --> 00:23:49.909 align:start position:0% x it's<00:23:48.400><c> human</c><00:23:48.720><c> selection</c><00:23:49.120><c> we</c><00:23:49.200><c> have</c><00:23:49.360><c> artificial</c> 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good</c><00:24:02.720><c> part</c> 00:24:04.180 --> 00:24:07.269 align:start position:0% x 00:24:04.190 --> 00:24:07.269 align:start position:0% x [Music] 00:24:09.530 --> 00:24:09.530 align:start position:0% x 00:24:09.540 --> 00:24:17.369 align:start position:0% x [Music] 00:24:17.430 --> 00:24:17.430 align:start position:0% x 00:24:17.440 --> 00:24:19.590 align:start position:0% x that's<00:24:17.840><c> it</c><00:24:18.400><c> see</c> 00:24:19.590 --> 00:24:21.279 align:start position:0% x 00:24:19.600 --> 00:24:21.269 align:start position:0% x that's<00:24:19.840><c> how</c><00:24:20.080><c> natural</c><00:24:20.480><c> selection</c><00:24:20.960><c> works</c> 00:24:21.269 --> 00:24:24.190 align:start position:0% x 00:24:21.279 --> 00:24:24.180 align:start position:0% x that's<00:24:21.600><c> exactly</c><00:24:22.159><c> right</c> 00:24:24.180 --> 00:24:27.359 align:start position:0% x 00:24:24.190 --> 00:24:27.359 align:start position:0% x [Music] 00:24:31.510 --> 00:24:31.510 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not</c><00:24:37.039><c> so</c><00:24:37.200><c> much</c><00:24:37.440><c> just</c><00:24:38.000><c> other</c><00:24:38.240><c> things</c> 00:24:38.470 --> 00:24:40.159 align:start position:0% x 00:24:38.480 --> 00:24:40.149 align:start position:0% x that<00:24:38.640><c> they</c><00:24:38.799><c> can't</c><00:24:39.039><c> relate</c><00:24:39.360><c> to</c><00:24:39.520><c> but</c><00:24:39.840><c> most</c><00:24:40.080><c> of</c> 00:24:40.149 --> 00:24:41.760 align:start position:0% x 00:24:40.159 --> 00:24:41.750 align:start position:0% x them<00:24:40.240><c> can</c><00:24:40.400><c> relate</c><00:24:40.640><c> to</c><00:24:40.720><c> antibiotic</c><00:24:41.279><c> resistance</c> 00:24:41.750 --> 00:24:43.600 align:start position:0% x 00:24:41.760 --> 00:24:43.590 align:start position:0% x or<00:24:42.080><c> pesticides</c><00:24:42.720><c> because</c><00:24:42.880><c> they</c><00:24:43.039><c> know</c><00:24:43.200><c> about</c> 00:24:43.590 --> 00:24:45.679 align:start 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go</c><00:24:49.120><c> to</c><00:24:49.200><c> a</c><00:24:49.279><c> hospital</c> 00:24:49.830 --> 00:24:52.080 align:start position:0% x 00:24:49.840 --> 00:24:52.070 align:start position:0% x where's<00:24:50.080><c> the</c><00:24:50.159><c> worst</c><00:24:50.480><c> place</c><00:24:50.640><c> to</c><00:24:50.720><c> ever</c><00:24:50.880><c> get</c><00:24:51.120><c> sick</c> 00:24:52.070 --> 00:24:55.039 align:start position:0% x 00:24:52.080 --> 00:24:55.029 align:start position:0% x the<00:24:52.240><c> hospital</c><00:24:52.880><c> why</c> 00:24:55.029 --> 00:24:56.720 align:start position:0% x 00:24:55.039 --> 00:24:56.710 align:start position:0% x well<00:24:55.200><c> there's</c><00:24:55.440><c> germs</c><00:24:55.840><c> there's</c><00:24:56.080><c> germs</c><00:24:56.400><c> here</c><00:24:56.640><c> at</c> 00:24:56.710 --> 00:25:00.880 align:start position:0% x 00:24:56.720 --> 00:25:00.870 align:start position:0% x this<00:24:56.960><c> camp</c><00:24:57.600><c> why</c><00:24:57.760><c> is</c><00:24:57.919><c> the</c><00:24:58.000><c> hospital</c><00:24:58.480><c> worse</c> 00:25:00.870 --> 00:25:03.679 align:start position:0% x 00:25:00.880 --> 00:25:03.669 align:start position:0% x why<00:25:01.360><c> because</c><00:25:01.760><c> the</c><00:25:02.000><c> germs</c><00:25:02.480><c> that</c><00:25:02.799><c> survived</c><00:25:03.600><c> at</c> 00:25:03.669 --> 00:25:05.279 align:start position:0% x 00:25:03.679 --> 00:25:05.269 align:start position:0% x the<00:25:03.919><c> hospital</c> 00:25:05.269 --> 00:25:07.600 align:start position:0% x 00:25:05.279 --> 00:25:07.590 align:start position:0% x are<00:25:05.440><c> resistant</c><00:25:06.320><c> to</c><00:25:06.480><c> the</c><00:25:06.640><c> antibiotics</c> 00:25:07.590 --> 00:25:10.080 align:start position:0% x 00:25:07.600 --> 00:25:10.070 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:25:08.960><c> this</c><00:25:09.200><c> is</c><00:25:09.440><c> this</c><00:25:09.679><c> 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people</c><00:25:22.640><c> that</c> 00:25:22.710 --> 00:25:24.080 align:start position:0% x 00:25:22.720 --> 00:25:24.070 align:start position:0% x go<00:25:22.799><c> in</c><00:25:22.880><c> the</c><00:25:22.960><c> hospitals</c><00:25:23.440><c> and</c><00:25:23.520><c> have</c><00:25:23.600><c> open-heart</c> 00:25:24.070 --> 00:25:25.679 align:start position:0% x 00:25:24.080 --> 00:25:25.669 align:start position:0% x surgery<00:25:24.480><c> and</c><00:25:24.559><c> later</c><00:25:24.799><c> on</c><00:25:24.960><c> you</c><00:25:25.120><c> find</c><00:25:25.360><c> out</c><00:25:25.520><c> they</c> 00:25:25.669 --> 00:25:28.720 align:start position:0% x 00:25:25.679 --> 00:25:28.710 align:start position:0% x died<00:25:26.400><c> of</c><00:25:26.640><c> an</c><00:25:27.039><c> infection</c><00:25:27.760><c> you</c><00:25:27.840><c> know</c> 00:25:28.710 --> 00:25:30.799 align:start position:0% x 00:25:28.720 --> 00:25:30.789 align:start position:0% x because<00:25:29.120><c> 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friends</c><00:26:08.720><c> it's</c><00:26:08.960><c> macroevolution</c><00:26:10.080><c> has</c> 00:26:10.390 --> 00:26:12.400 align:start position:0% x 00:26:10.400 --> 00:26:12.390 align:start position:0% x never<00:26:10.720><c> been</c><00:26:10.960><c> verified</c><00:26:11.440><c> with</c><00:26:11.679><c> experiments</c> 00:26:12.390 --> 00:26:15.039 align:start position:0% x 00:26:12.400 --> 00:26:15.029 align:start position:0% x there<00:26:12.720><c> are</c><00:26:13.039><c> no</c><00:26:13.279><c> experiments</c><00:26:13.840><c> to</c><00:26:14.000><c> verify</c><00:26:14.799><c> you</c> 00:26:15.029 --> 00:26:16.400 align:start position:0% x 00:26:15.039 --> 00:26:16.390 align:start position:0% x can't<00:26:15.360><c> run</c><00:26:15.600><c> an</c><00:26:15.840><c> experiment</c><00:26:16.320><c> on</c> 00:26:16.390 --> 00:26:18.320 align:start position:0% x 00:26:16.400 --> 00:26:18.310 align:start position:0% x macroevolution<00:26:17.279><c> and</c><00:26:17.440><c> anything</c><00:26:17.760><c> they</c><00:26:18.000><c> tried</c> 00:26:18.310 --> 00:26:20.559 align:start position:0% x 00:26:18.320 --> 00:26:20.549 align:start position:0% x by<00:26:18.559><c> modifying</c><00:26:19.120><c> to</c><00:26:19.279><c> speed</c><00:26:19.600><c> up</c><00:26:19.679><c> the</c><00:26:19.840><c> time</c><00:26:20.400><c> all</c> 00:26:20.549 --> 00:26:22.960 align:start position:0% x 00:26:20.559 --> 00:26:22.950 align:start position:0% x the<00:26:20.720><c> organisms</c><00:26:21.200><c> died</c><00:26:21.520><c> and</c><00:26:21.679><c> it</c><00:26:21.760><c> never</c><00:26:22.080><c> did</c><00:26:22.320><c> work</c> 00:26:22.950 --> 00:26:24.640 align:start position:0% x 00:26:22.960 --> 00:26:24.630 align:start position:0% x so<00:26:23.279><c> this</c><00:26:23.600><c> is</c><00:26:23.679><c> what</c><00:26:23.840><c> we</c><00:26:23.919><c> want</c><00:26:24.080><c> to</c><00:26:24.240><c> stress</c><00:26:24.559><c> to</c> 00:26:24.630 --> 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all<00:26:30.240><c> those</c><00:26:30.480><c> things</c><00:26:30.720><c> that</c><00:26:30.799><c> they</c><00:26:30.960><c> have</c><00:26:31.200><c> in</c><00:26:31.279><c> your</c> 00:26:31.430 --> 00:26:32.960 align:start position:0% x 00:26:31.440 --> 00:26:32.950 align:start position:0% x book<00:26:31.600><c> where</c><00:26:31.760><c> they</c><00:26:31.840><c> show</c><00:26:32.080><c> you</c><00:26:32.159><c> experiments</c> 00:26:32.950 --> 00:26:35.120 align:start position:0% x 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:35.110 align:start position:0% x those<00:26:33.200><c> are</c><00:26:33.440><c> all</c><00:26:33.600><c> micro</c><00:26:33.919><c> evolution</c><00:26:34.480><c> but</c><00:26:34.720><c> don't</c> 00:26:35.110 --> 00:26:36.880 align:start position:0% x 00:26:35.120 --> 00:26:36.870 align:start position:0% x make<00:26:35.360><c> the</c><00:26:35.520><c> mistake</c><00:26:36.000><c> of</c><00:26:36.080><c> thinking</c><00:26:36.400><c> you</c><00:26:36.559><c> can</c> 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science</c><00:26:44.080><c> so</c><00:26:44.400><c> here's</c><00:26:44.720><c> macroevolution</c><00:26:45.600><c> on</c> 00:26:45.750 --> 00:26:47.360 align:start position:0% x 00:26:45.760 --> 00:26:47.350 align:start position:0% x the<00:26:45.840><c> left</c><00:26:46.159><c> right</c><00:26:46.480><c> because</c><00:26:46.799><c> the</c><00:26:46.960><c> idea</c><00:26:47.200><c> of</c> 00:26:47.350 --> 00:26:49.360 align:start position:0% x 00:26:47.360 --> 00:26:49.350 align:start position:0% x changing<00:26:47.760><c> from</c><00:26:47.919><c> species</c><00:26:48.400><c> to</c><00:26:48.559><c> species</c> 00:26:49.350 --> 00:26:51.440 align:start position:0% x 00:26:49.360 --> 00:26:51.430 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:26:50.320><c> is</c><00:26:50.480><c> just</c><00:26:50.640><c> looking</c><00:26:50.960><c> at</c><00:26:51.039><c> things</c> 00:26:51.430 --> 00:26:53.679 align:start position:0% x 00:26:51.440 --> 00:26:53.669 align:start position:0% x like<00:26:52.000><c> wolves</c><00:26:52.480><c> and</c><00:26:52.640><c> dogs</c><00:26:53.120><c> and</c><00:26:53.200><c> just</c><00:26:53.440><c> getting</c> 00:26:53.669 --> 00:26:55.279 align:start position:0% x 00:26:53.679 --> 00:26:55.269 align:start position:0% x different<00:26:54.000><c> varieties</c><00:26:54.480><c> of</c><00:26:54.559><c> them</c><00:26:54.799><c> because</c><00:26:55.120><c> you</c> 00:26:55.269 --> 00:26:56.480 align:start position:0% x 00:26:55.279 --> 00:26:56.470 align:start position:0% x can<00:26:55.440><c> breed</c><00:26:55.760><c> them</c> 00:26:56.470 --> 00:26:58.400 align:start position:0% x 00:26:56.480 --> 00:26:58.390 align:start position:0% x we<00:26:56.640><c> can</c><00:26:56.799><c> do</c><00:26:56.960><c> that</c><00:26:57.200><c> today</c><00:26:57.440><c> with</c><00:26:57.600><c> artificial</c> 00:26:58.390 --> 00:26:59.440 align:start position:0% x 00:26:58.400 --> 00:26:59.430 align:start position:0% x selection 00:26:59.430 --> 00:27:01.919 align:start position:0% x 00:26:59.440 --> 00:27:01.909 align:start position:0% x so<00:26:59.679><c> the</c><00:26:59.919><c> big</c><00:27:00.159><c> mistake</c><00:27:00.880><c> that</c><00:27:01.120><c> has</c><00:27:01.200><c> been</c><00:27:01.440><c> made</c><00:27:01.760><c> in</c> 00:27:01.909 --> 00:27:04.320 align:start position:0% x 00:27:01.919 --> 00:27:04.310 align:start position:0% x science<00:27:02.799><c> and</c><00:27:02.960><c> i</c><00:27:03.120><c> used</c><00:27:03.279><c> to</c><00:27:03.360><c> run</c><00:27:03.600><c> into</c><00:27:03.840><c> this</c><00:27:04.080><c> with</c> 00:27:04.310 --> 00:27:06.320 align:start position:0% x 00:27:04.320 --> 00:27:06.310 align:start position:0% x even<00:27:04.640><c> biology</c><00:27:05.200><c> teachers</c><00:27:05.520><c> that</c><00:27:05.679><c> were</c><00:27:05.919><c> my</c> 00:27:06.310 --> 00:27:08.400 align:start position:0% x 00:27:06.320 --> 00:27:08.390 align:start position:0% x co-teachers<00:27:07.360><c> the</c><00:27:07.520><c> younger</c><00:27:07.840><c> kids</c><00:27:08.080><c> would</c><00:27:08.240><c> come</c> 00:27:08.390 --> 00:27:10.080 align:start position:0% x 00:27:08.400 --> 00:27:10.070 align:start position:0% x in<00:27:08.480><c> from</c><00:27:08.720><c> college</c><00:27:09.120><c> and</c><00:27:09.200><c> they</c><00:27:09.360><c> come</c><00:27:09.520><c> and</c><00:27:09.760><c> start</c> 00:27:10.070 --> 00:27:11.840 align:start position:0% x 00:27:10.080 --> 00:27:11.830 align:start position:0% x teaching<00:27:10.720><c> and</c><00:27:10.880><c> i</c><00:27:11.039><c> just</c><00:27:11.279><c> asked</c><00:27:11.600><c> them</c><00:27:11.679><c> the</c> 00:27:11.830 --> 00:27:13.440 align:start position:0% x 00:27:11.840 --> 00:27:13.430 align:start position:0% x question<00:27:12.240><c> about</c><00:27:12.480><c> well</c><00:27:12.720><c> you</c><00:27:12.880><c> know</c><00:27:13.120><c> what</c> 00:27:13.430 --> 00:27:15.039 align:start position:0% x 00:27:13.440 --> 00:27:15.029 align:start position:0% x experiments<00:27:14.080><c> have</c><00:27:14.240><c> you</c><00:27:14.320><c> ever</c><00:27:14.559><c> seen</c><00:27:14.880><c> in</c> 00:27:15.029 --> 00:27:16.559 align:start position:0% x 00:27:15.039 --> 00:27:16.549 align:start position:0% x macroevolution 00:27:16.549 --> 00:27:17.760 align:start position:0% x 00:27:16.559 --> 00:27:17.750 align:start position:0% x and<00:27:16.640><c> they'd</c><00:27:16.960><c> rattle</c><00:27:17.279><c> off</c><00:27:17.520><c> all</c><00:27:17.600><c> the</c> 00:27:17.750 --> 00:27:19.520 align:start position:0% x 00:27:17.760 --> 00:27:19.510 align:start position:0% x experiments<00:27:18.320><c> we</c><00:27:18.399><c> were</c><00:27:18.559><c> doing</c> 00:27:19.510 --> 00:27:20.640 align:start position:0% x 00:27:19.520 --> 00:27:20.630 align:start position:0% x say<00:27:19.679><c> wait</c><00:27:19.840><c> a</c><00:27:19.919><c> minute</c><00:27:20.240><c> those</c><00:27:20.399><c> are</c><00:27:20.559><c> all</c> 00:27:20.630 --> 00:27:22.320 align:start position:0% x 00:27:20.640 --> 00:27:22.310 align:start position:0% x microevolution 00:27:22.310 --> 00:27:23.679 align:start position:0% x 00:27:22.320 --> 00:27:23.669 align:start position:0% x and<00:27:22.559><c> if</c><00:27:22.720><c> those</c><00:27:22.960><c> experiments</c><00:27:23.600><c> in</c> 00:27:23.669 --> 00:27:25.520 align:start position:0% x 00:27:23.679 --> 00:27:25.510 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:27:24.640><c> if</c><00:27:24.799><c> every</c><00:27:24.960><c> one</c><00:27:25.120><c> of</c><00:27:25.279><c> them</c><00:27:25.360><c> that</c> 00:27:25.510 --> 00:27:27.200 align:start position:0% x 00:27:25.520 --> 00:27:27.190 align:start position:0% x you<00:27:25.600><c> do</c><00:27:25.840><c> is</c><00:27:26.000><c> microevolution</c><00:27:26.799><c> does</c><00:27:27.039><c> that</c> 00:27:27.190 --> 00:27:29.600 align:start position:0% x 00:27:27.200 --> 00:27:29.590 align:start position:0% x really<00:27:27.600><c> prove</c><00:27:27.919><c> macro</c><00:27:28.320><c> evolution</c><00:27:29.200><c> does</c><00:27:29.440><c> that</c> 00:27:29.590 --> 00:27:31.360 align:start position:0% x 00:27:29.600 --> 00:27:31.350 align:start position:0% x even<00:27:29.760><c> like</c><00:27:30.000><c> support</c><00:27:30.559><c> it</c> 00:27:31.350 --> 00:27:33.600 align:start position:0% x 00:27:31.360 --> 00:27:33.590 align:start position:0% x and<00:27:31.760><c> a</c><00:27:31.840><c> lot</c><00:27:32.080><c> of</c><00:27:32.240><c> people</c><00:27:32.640><c> never</c><00:27:33.120><c> think</c><00:27:33.440><c> through</c> 00:27:33.590 --> 00:27:35.760 align:start position:0% x 00:27:33.600 --> 00:27:35.750 align:start position:0% x that<00:27:34.240><c> they</c><00:27:34.399><c> never</c><00:27:34.799><c> realize</c><00:27:35.360><c> a</c><00:27:35.440><c> lot</c><00:27:35.600><c> of</c> 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little</c><00:27:42.240><c> bits</c><00:27:42.480><c> of</c><00:27:42.559><c> time</c><00:27:43.200><c> and</c> 00:27:43.350 --> 00:27:45.440 align:start position:0% x 00:27:43.360 --> 00:27:45.430 align:start position:0% x the<00:27:43.679><c> huge</c><00:27:44.240><c> mistake</c> 00:27:45.430 --> 00:27:47.760 align:start position:0% x 00:27:45.440 --> 00:27:47.750 align:start position:0% x is<00:27:45.679><c> to</c><00:27:45.840><c> make</c><00:27:46.080><c> the</c><00:27:46.320><c> quantum</c><00:27:46.799><c> leap</c><00:27:47.120><c> of</c><00:27:47.279><c> faith</c><00:27:47.679><c> and</c> 00:27:47.750 --> 00:27:49.919 align:start position:0% x 00:27:47.760 --> 00:27:49.909 align:start position:0% x somehow<00:27:48.240><c> believe</c><00:27:49.039><c> that</c><00:27:49.279><c> yeah</c><00:27:49.520><c> i</c><00:27:49.679><c> know</c> 00:27:49.909 --> 00:27:51.520 align:start position:0% x 00:27:49.919 --> 00:27:51.510 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:27:50.399><c> is</c><00:27:50.480><c> occurring</c><00:27:50.960><c> this</c><00:27:51.200><c> idea</c><00:27:51.440><c> of</c> 00:27:51.510 --> 00:27:54.000 align:start position:0% x 00:27:51.520 --> 00:27:53.990 align:start position:0% x going<00:27:51.760><c> from</c><00:27:52.000><c> little</c><00:27:52.240><c> cells</c><00:27:52.640><c> to</c><00:27:52.960><c> big</c><00:27:53.200><c> organisms</c> 00:27:53.990 --> 00:27:56.799 align:start position:0% x 00:27:54.000 --> 00:27:56.789 align:start position:0% x because<00:27:54.320><c> we</c><00:27:54.640><c> see</c><00:27:55.279><c> this</c><00:27:55.600><c> kind</c><00:27:55.919><c> of</c><00:27:56.080><c> evolution</c> 00:27:56.789 --> 00:27:58.559 align:start position:0% x 00:27:56.799 --> 00:27:58.549 align:start position:0% x happening<00:27:57.279><c> all</c><00:27:57.440><c> the</c><00:27:57.600><c> time</c> 00:27:58.549 --> 00:28:00.960 align:start position:0% x 00:27:58.559 --> 00:28:00.950 align:start position:0% x this<00:27:58.799><c> is</c><00:27:59.039><c> microevolution</c><00:28:00.240><c> this</c><00:28:00.480><c> is</c><00:28:00.640><c> macro</c> 00:28:00.950 --> 00:28:02.960 align:start position:0% x 00:28:00.960 --> 00:28:02.950 align:start position:0% x revolution<00:28:01.679><c> and</c><00:28:01.919><c> that's</c><00:28:02.240><c> the</c><00:28:02.399><c> mistake</c> 00:28:02.950 --> 00:28:04.720 align:start position:0% x 00:28:02.960 --> 00:28:04.710 align:start position:0% x science<00:28:03.360><c> has</c><00:28:03.520><c> made</c><00:28:04.080><c> that's</c><00:28:04.320><c> a mistake</c> 00:28:04.710 --> 00:28:06.399 align:start position:0% x 00:28:04.720 --> 00:28:06.389 align:start position:0% x teachers<00:28:05.120><c> make</c><00:28:05.440><c> and</c><00:28:05.520><c> we</c><00:28:05.679><c> want</c><00:28:05.840><c> to</c><00:28:05.919><c> be</c><00:28:06.080><c> able</c><00:28:06.240><c> to</c> 00:28:06.389 --> 00:28:08.240 align:start position:0% x 00:28:06.399 --> 00:28:08.230 align:start position:0% x clarify<00:28:06.960><c> that</c><00:28:07.120><c> with</c><00:28:07.279><c> our</c><00:28:07.440><c> children</c><00:28:07.840><c> and</c><00:28:08.000><c> show</c> 00:28:08.230 --> 00:28:10.880 align:start position:0% x 00:28:08.240 --> 00:28:10.870 align:start position:0% x them<00:28:08.720><c> that</c><00:28:08.960><c> that</c><00:28:09.200><c> is</c><00:28:09.279><c> not</c><00:28:09.520><c> a</c><00:28:09.600><c> case</c><00:28:10.399><c> so</c><00:28:10.720><c> what</c> 00:28:10.870 --> 00:28:13.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:10.880 --> 00:28:13.190 align:start position:0% x they<00:28:11.120><c> did</c><00:28:11.360><c> you</c><00:28:11.440><c> know</c><00:28:11.600><c> back</c><00:28:11.840><c> in</c><00:28:11.919><c> the</c><00:28:12.320><c> in</c><00:28:12.640><c> the</c><00:28:12.880><c> 50s</c> 00:28:13.190 --> 00:28:15.360 align:start position:0% x 00:28:13.200 --> 00:28:15.350 align:start position:0% x and<00:28:13.360><c> the</c><00:28:13.440><c> 60s</c><00:28:13.919><c> or</c><00:28:14.080><c> the</c><00:28:14.159><c> 40s</c><00:28:14.559><c> they</c><00:28:14.720><c> bombarded</c> 00:28:15.350 --> 00:28:17.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:15.360 --> 00:28:17.190 align:start position:0% x fruit<00:28:15.600><c> flies</c><00:28:16.000><c> with</c><00:28:16.240><c> all</c><00:28:16.480><c> kinds</c><00:28:16.799><c> of</c><00:28:16.960><c> different</c> 00:28:17.190 --> 00:28:19.440 align:start position:0% x 00:28:17.200 --> 00:28:19.430 align:start position:0% x radiation<00:28:18.240><c> and</c><00:28:18.480><c> geneticists</c><00:28:19.039><c> today</c><00:28:19.279><c> have</c> 00:28:19.430 --> 00:28:21.279 align:start position:0% x 00:28:19.440 --> 00:28:21.269 align:start position:0% x actually<00:28:19.760><c> documented</c><00:28:20.320><c> since</c><00:28:20.640><c> earlier</c><00:28:20.960><c> on</c> 00:28:21.269 --> 00:28:23.360 align:start position:0% x 00:28:21.279 --> 00:28:23.350 align:start position:0% x there's<00:28:21.520><c> over</c><00:28:21.840><c> 3</c><00:28:22.159><c> 000</c><00:28:22.480><c> different</c><00:28:22.720><c> mutations</c> 00:28:23.350 --> 00:28:25.440 align:start position:0% x 00:28:23.360 --> 00:28:25.430 align:start position:0% x and<00:28:23.440><c> fruit</c><00:28:23.760><c> flies</c><00:28:24.320><c> you</c><00:28:24.480><c> can</c><00:28:24.640><c> create</c><00:28:25.039><c> all</c><00:28:25.200><c> kinds</c> 00:28:25.430 --> 00:28:27.440 align:start position:0% x 00:28:25.440 --> 00:28:27.430 align:start position:0% x of<00:28:25.520><c> weird</c><00:28:25.760><c> fruit</c><00:28:26.000><c> plies</c><00:28:26.720><c> but</c><00:28:26.880><c> for</c><00:28:27.200><c> all</c><00:28:27.360><c> of</c> 00:28:27.430 --> 00:28:29.039 align:start position:0% x 00:28:27.440 --> 00:28:29.029 align:start position:0% x those<00:28:27.679><c> things</c><00:28:27.919><c> they</c><00:28:28.080><c> did</c><00:28:28.240><c> with</c><00:28:28.399><c> fruit</c><00:28:28.559><c> flies</c> 00:28:29.029 --> 00:28:31.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:29.039 --> 00:28:31.190 align:start position:0% x nobody<00:28:29.440><c> was</c><00:28:29.679><c> ever</c><00:28:30.000><c> able</c><00:28:30.240><c> to</c><00:28:30.480><c> generate</c><00:28:30.880><c> a</c><00:28:31.039><c> new</c> 00:28:31.190 --> 00:28:34.080 align:start position:0% x 00:28:31.200 --> 00:28:34.070 align:start position:0% x species<00:28:32.159><c> you</c><00:28:32.399><c> cannot</c><00:28:32.880><c> create</c><00:28:33.120><c> a</c><00:28:33.279><c> new</c><00:28:33.440><c> species</c> 00:28:34.070 --> 00:28:35.600 align:start position:0% x 00:28:34.080 --> 00:28:35.590 align:start position:0% x where<00:28:34.240><c> the</c><00:28:34.399><c> really</c><00:28:34.720><c> the</c><00:28:34.880><c> biological</c> 00:28:35.590 --> 00:28:37.760 align:start position:0% x 00:28:35.600 --> 00:28:37.750 align:start position:0% x definition<00:28:36.080><c> of</c><00:28:36.159><c> a</c><00:28:36.240><c> species</c><00:28:36.880><c> is</c><00:28:37.039><c> that</c><00:28:37.200><c> they</c><00:28:37.440><c> can</c> 00:28:37.750 --> 00:28:39.600 align:start position:0% x 00:28:37.760 --> 00:28:39.590 align:start position:0% x no<00:28:38.000><c> longer</c><00:28:38.320><c> reproduce</c><00:28:38.960><c> with</c><00:28:39.120><c> the</c><00:28:39.200><c> previous</c> 00:28:39.590 --> 00:28:41.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:39.600 --> 00:28:41.190 align:start position:0% x ones<00:28:39.919><c> but</c><00:28:40.080><c> they</c><00:28:40.240><c> can</c><00:28:40.480><c> reproduce</c><00:28:40.960><c> with</c> 00:28:41.190 --> 00:28:43.600 align:start position:0% x 00:28:41.200 --> 00:28:43.590 align:start position:0% x themselves<00:28:42.159><c> so</c><00:28:42.320><c> you've</c><00:28:42.559><c> got</c><00:28:42.640><c> to</c><00:28:42.720><c> be</c><00:28:42.880><c> able</c><00:28:43.039><c> to</c> 00:28:43.590 --> 00:28:45.279 align:start position:0% x 00:28:43.600 --> 00:28:45.269 align:start position:0% x at<00:28:43.679><c> least</c><00:28:43.919><c> agree</c><00:28:44.240><c> on</c><00:28:44.399><c> a</c><00:28:44.480><c> definition</c><00:28:44.960><c> of</c><00:28:45.039><c> what</c> 00:28:45.269 --> 00:28:47.679 align:start position:0% x 00:28:45.279 --> 00:28:47.669 align:start position:0% x species<00:28:45.760><c> is</c><00:28:46.240><c> and</c><00:28:46.480><c> some</c><00:28:46.640><c> biologists</c><00:28:47.279><c> don't</c><00:28:47.520><c> do</c> 00:28:47.669 --> 00:28:49.760 align:start position:0% x 00:28:47.679 --> 00:28:49.750 align:start position:0% x that<00:28:48.320><c> so</c><00:28:48.559><c> the</c><00:28:48.720><c> evolutionary</c><00:28:49.279><c> scientists</c> 00:28:49.750 --> 00:28:51.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:49.760 --> 00:28:51.190 align:start position:0% x today<00:28:50.000><c> they</c><00:28:50.159><c> finally</c><00:28:50.559><c> admitted</c><00:28:50.880><c> that</c><00:28:51.039><c> you</c> 00:28:51.190 --> 00:28:53.200 align:start position:0% x 00:28:51.200 --> 00:28:53.190 align:start position:0% x really<00:28:51.360><c> can't</c><00:28:51.679><c> do</c><00:28:52.000><c> macro</c><00:28:52.720><c> evolution</c> 00:28:53.190 --> 00:28:54.880 align:start position:0% x 00:28:53.200 --> 00:28:54.870 align:start position:0% x experiments<00:28:53.760><c> because</c><00:28:54.240><c> these</c><00:28:54.480><c> things</c><00:28:54.720><c> would</c> 00:28:54.870 --> 00:28:56.720 align:start position:0% x 00:28:54.880 --> 00:28:56.710 align:start position:0% x just<00:28:55.039><c> take</c><00:28:55.279><c> too</c><00:28:55.440><c> long</c><00:28:56.080><c> and</c><00:28:56.240><c> that's</c><00:28:56.480><c> the</c> 00:28:56.710 --> 00:28:58.640 align:start position:0% x 00:28:56.720 --> 00:28:58.630 align:start position:0% x problem<00:28:57.120><c> when</c><00:28:57.279><c> you</c><00:28:57.520><c> jump</c><00:28:57.840><c> to</c><00:28:58.000><c> that</c><00:28:58.320><c> and</c><00:28:58.399><c> then</c> 00:28:58.630 --> 00:29:00.320 align:start position:0% x 00:28:58.640 --> 00:29:00.310 align:start position:0% x say<00:28:58.880><c> well</c><00:28:59.360><c> all</c><00:28:59.520><c> my</c><00:28:59.760><c> support</c><00:29:00.159><c> for</c> 00:29:00.310 --> 00:29:02.159 align:start position:0% x 00:29:00.320 --> 00:29:02.149 align:start position:0% x macroevolution<00:29:01.120><c> now</c><00:29:01.360><c> is</c><00:29:01.520><c> going</c><00:29:01.600><c> to</c><00:29:01.679><c> be</c><00:29:01.840><c> based</c> 00:29:02.149 --> 00:29:04.159 align:start position:0% x 00:29:02.159 --> 00:29:04.149 align:start position:0% x on<00:29:02.240><c> microevolution</c><00:29:03.039><c> experiments</c><00:29:03.600><c> that's</c><00:29:03.840><c> bad</c> 00:29:04.149 --> 00:29:06.399 align:start position:0% x 00:29:04.159 --> 00:29:06.389 align:start position:0% x science<00:29:05.039><c> that's</c><00:29:05.360><c> like</c><00:29:05.520><c> doing</c><00:29:05.919><c> it</c><00:29:06.000><c> that's</c> 00:29:06.389 --> 00:29:09.360 align:start position:0% x 00:29:06.399 --> 00:29:09.350 align:start position:0% x doing<00:29:06.760><c> extrapolation</c><00:29:07.840><c> of</c><00:29:08.080><c> data</c><00:29:08.880><c> and</c><00:29:09.039><c> any</c><00:29:09.279><c> of</c> 00:29:09.350 --> 00:29:12.159 align:start position:0% x 00:29:09.360 --> 00:29:12.149 align:start position:0% x you<00:29:09.520><c> that</c><00:29:09.760><c> are</c><00:29:10.000><c> into</c><00:29:10.399><c> data</c><00:29:10.720><c> research</c><00:29:11.760><c> all</c><00:29:11.919><c> know</c> 00:29:12.149 --> 00:29:14.720 align:start position:0% x 00:29:12.159 --> 00:29:14.710 align:start position:0% x what<00:29:12.320><c> happens</c><00:29:12.720><c> when</c><00:29:12.960><c> you</c><00:29:13.200><c> extrapolate</c><00:29:14.240><c> data</c> 00:29:14.710 --> 00:29:17.279 align:start position:0% x 00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:17.269 align:start position:0% x instead<00:29:15.039><c> of</c><00:29:15.279><c> interpolating</c><00:29:15.919><c> data</c><00:29:16.559><c> it</c><00:29:16.720><c> becomes</c> 00:29:17.269 --> 00:29:19.679 align:start position:0% x 00:29:17.279 --> 00:29:19.669 align:start position:0% x extremely<00:29:18.000><c> risky</c><00:29:18.880><c> so</c><00:29:19.039><c> that</c><00:29:19.200><c> would</c><00:29:19.279><c> be</c><00:29:19.440><c> like</c> 00:29:19.669 --> 00:29:21.120 align:start position:0% x 00:29:19.679 --> 00:29:21.110 align:start position:0% x just<00:29:19.840><c> to</c><00:29:20.000><c> give</c><00:29:20.080><c> you</c><00:29:20.159><c> an</c><00:29:20.320><c> example</c><00:29:20.720><c> here's</c><00:29:21.039><c> an</c> 00:29:21.110 --> 00:29:22.559 align:start position:0% x 00:29:21.120 --> 00:29:22.549 align:start position:0% x example<00:29:21.520><c> for</c><00:29:21.679><c> those</c><00:29:21.840><c> of</c><00:29:21.919><c> you</c><00:29:22.000><c> like</c><00:29:22.159><c> to</c><00:29:22.320><c> bake</c> 00:29:22.549 --> 00:29:24.799 align:start position:0% x 00:29:22.559 --> 00:29:24.789 align:start position:0% x and<00:29:22.640><c> you</c><00:29:22.799><c> like</c><00:29:22.960><c> to</c><00:29:23.039><c> make</c><00:29:23.279><c> sourdough</c><00:29:23.840><c> bread</c> 00:29:24.789 --> 00:29:26.720 align:start position:0% x 00:29:24.799 --> 00:29:26.710 align:start position:0% x all<00:29:24.960><c> right</c><00:29:25.120><c> so</c><00:29:25.279><c> i</c><00:29:25.360><c> like</c><00:29:25.600><c> a nice</c><00:29:26.000><c> practical</c><00:29:26.480><c> one</c> 00:29:26.710 --> 00:29:28.240 align:start position:0% x 00:29:26.720 --> 00:29:28.230 align:start position:0% x for<00:29:26.799><c> the</c><00:29:27.039><c> ladies</c><00:29:27.360><c> that</c><00:29:27.520><c> are</c><00:29:27.600><c> here</c><00:29:27.840><c> or</c><00:29:28.000><c> some</c><00:29:28.159><c> of</c> 00:29:28.230 --> 00:29:30.399 align:start position:0% x 00:29:28.240 --> 00:29:30.389 align:start position:0% x the<00:29:28.399><c> guys</c><00:29:28.720><c> i</c><00:29:28.880><c> like</c><00:29:29.039><c> to</c><00:29:29.120><c> make</c><00:29:29.360><c> sourdough</c><00:29:29.840><c> bread</c> 00:29:30.389 --> 00:29:31.840 align:start position:0% x 00:29:30.399 --> 00:29:31.830 align:start position:0% x so<00:29:30.640><c> you</c><00:29:30.720><c> look</c><00:29:30.960><c> at</c><00:29:31.120><c> different</c><00:29:31.360><c> things</c><00:29:31.600><c> that</c> 00:29:31.830 --> 00:29:33.279 align:start position:0% x 00:29:31.840 --> 00:29:33.269 align:start position:0% x actually<00:29:32.159><c> are</c><00:29:32.399><c> in</c><00:29:32.480><c> there</c><00:29:32.640><c> in</c><00:29:32.799><c> your</c><00:29:32.960><c> bread</c> 00:29:33.269 --> 00:29:34.799 align:start position:0% x 00:29:33.279 --> 00:29:34.789 align:start position:0% x you've<00:29:33.440><c> got</c><00:29:33.679><c> the</c><00:29:33.840><c> yeast</c><00:29:34.080><c> that</c><00:29:34.240><c> you</c><00:29:34.320><c> put</c><00:29:34.559><c> in</c><00:29:34.720><c> and</c> 00:29:34.789 --> 00:29:37.200 align:start position:0% x 00:29:34.799 --> 00:29:37.190 align:start position:0% x you've<00:29:34.960><c> got</c><00:29:35.200><c> lactic</c><00:29:35.600><c> acid</c><00:29:35.919><c> bacteria</c><00:29:37.039><c> the</c> 00:29:37.190 --> 00:29:38.799 align:start position:0% x 00:29:37.200 --> 00:29:38.789 align:start position:0% x lactic<00:29:37.600><c> acid</c><00:29:37.919><c> bacteria</c><00:29:38.399><c> the</c><00:29:38.480><c> ones</c><00:29:38.640><c> that</c> 00:29:38.789 --> 00:29:40.880 align:start position:0% x 00:29:38.799 --> 00:29:40.870 align:start position:0% x actually<00:29:39.039><c> make</c><00:29:39.279><c> the</c><00:29:39.520><c> sour</c><00:29:40.080><c> right</c><00:29:40.320><c> the</c><00:29:40.480><c> sour</c> 00:29:40.870 --> 00:29:42.559 align:start position:0% x 00:29:40.880 --> 00:29:42.549 align:start position:0% x taste<00:29:41.360><c> but</c><00:29:41.520><c> how</c><00:29:41.679><c> do</c><00:29:41.840><c> you</c><00:29:41.919><c> get</c><00:29:42.159><c> them</c><00:29:42.320><c> to</c> 00:29:42.549 --> 00:29:44.720 align:start position:0% x 00:29:42.559 --> 00:29:44.710 align:start position:0% x generate<00:29:43.039><c> that</c><00:29:43.279><c> sour</c><00:29:43.760><c> taste</c><00:29:44.159><c> well</c><00:29:44.399><c> you've</c><00:29:44.559><c> got</c> 00:29:44.710 --> 00:29:45.520 align:start position:0% x 00:29:44.720 --> 00:29:45.510 align:start position:0% x to 00:29:45.510 --> 00:29:47.279 align:start position:0% x 00:29:45.520 --> 00:29:47.269 align:start position:0% x cover<00:29:45.760><c> them</c><00:29:45.919><c> up</c><00:29:46.159><c> block</c><00:29:46.480><c> the</c><00:29:46.640><c> oxygen</c><00:29:47.120><c> from</c> 00:29:47.269 --> 00:29:49.279 align:start position:0% x 00:29:47.279 --> 00:29:49.269 align:start position:0% x coming<00:29:47.520><c> in</c><00:29:48.000><c> because</c><00:29:48.320><c> they</c><00:29:48.480><c> can</c><00:29:48.720><c> reproduce</c> 00:29:49.269 --> 00:29:51.840 align:start position:0% x 00:29:49.279 --> 00:29:51.830 align:start position:0% x without<00:29:49.600><c> oxygen</c><00:29:50.080><c> and</c><00:29:50.159><c> produce</c><00:29:50.559><c> lactic</c><00:29:50.960><c> acid</c> 00:29:51.830 --> 00:29:53.520 align:start position:0% x 00:29:51.840 --> 00:29:53.510 align:start position:0% x now<00:29:52.080><c> if</c><00:29:52.240><c> you</c><00:29:52.559><c> looked</c><00:29:52.799><c> at</c><00:29:52.880><c> this</c><00:29:53.120><c> here's</c><00:29:53.360><c> the</c> 00:29:53.510 --> 00:29:55.840 align:start position:0% x 00:29:53.520 --> 00:29:55.830 align:start position:0% x growth<00:29:53.919><c> rate</c><00:29:54.159><c> of</c><00:29:54.240><c> these</c><00:29:54.480><c> bacteria</c><00:29:55.360><c> here's</c><00:29:55.600><c> how</c> 00:29:55.830 --> 00:29:57.279 align:start position:0% x 00:29:55.840 --> 00:29:57.269 align:start position:0% x fast<00:29:56.159><c> they're</c><00:29:56.320><c> growing</c><00:29:56.640><c> in</c><00:29:56.720><c> this</c><00:29:56.880><c> case</c><00:29:57.120><c> the</c> 00:29:57.269 --> 00:29:58.640 align:start position:0% x 00:29:57.279 --> 00:29:58.630 align:start position:0% x relative<00:29:57.679><c> growth</c><00:29:57.919><c> rates</c><00:29:58.240><c> and</c><00:29:58.399><c> here's</c> 00:29:58.630 --> 00:30:00.480 align:start position:0% x 00:29:58.640 --> 00:30:00.470 align:start position:0% x different<00:29:58.960><c> temperatures</c><00:30:00.000><c> and</c><00:30:00.240><c> i</c><00:30:00.320><c> want</c><00:30:00.399><c> to</c> 00:30:00.470 --> 00:30:02.000 align:start position:0% x 00:30:00.480 --> 00:30:01.990 align:start position:0% x give<00:30:00.640><c> you an</c><00:30:00.799><c> example</c><00:30:01.279><c> of</c><00:30:01.360><c> what</c><00:30:01.520><c> the</c><00:30:01.679><c> diff</c> 00:30:01.990 --> 00:30:04.240 align:start position:0% x 00:30:02.000 --> 00:30:04.230 align:start position:0% x what<00:30:02.240><c> extrapolation</c><00:30:03.120><c> of</c><00:30:03.279><c> data</c><00:30:03.600><c> is</c><00:30:03.840><c> and</c><00:30:03.919><c> why</c><00:30:04.080><c> it</c> 00:30:04.230 --> 00:30:06.320 align:start position:0% x 00:30:04.240 --> 00:30:06.310 align:start position:0% x is<00:30:04.399><c> extremely</c><00:30:04.960><c> risky</c><00:30:05.679><c> so</c><00:30:05.919><c> if</c><00:30:06.000><c> you</c><00:30:06.080><c> look</c><00:30:06.240><c> at</c> 00:30:06.310 --> 00:30:07.760 align:start position:0% x 00:30:06.320 --> 00:30:07.750 align:start position:0% x this<00:30:06.480><c> this</c><00:30:06.640><c> would</c><00:30:06.720><c> be</c><00:30:06.799><c> like</c><00:30:07.039><c> microrevolution</c> 00:30:07.750 --> 00:30:09.039 align:start position:0% x 00:30:07.760 --> 00:30:09.029 align:start position:0% x this<00:30:07.919><c> is</c><00:30:08.080><c> all</c><00:30:08.159><c> stuff</c><00:30:08.399><c> that</c><00:30:08.559><c> we</c><00:30:08.640><c> can</c><00:30:08.799><c> actually</c> 00:30:09.029 --> 00:30:10.480 align:start position:0% x 00:30:09.039 --> 00:30:10.470 align:start position:0% x measure<00:30:09.360><c> and</c><00:30:09.440><c> say</c><00:30:09.600><c> oh</c><00:30:09.679><c> yeah</c><00:30:09.840><c> we</c><00:30:10.000><c> can</c><00:30:10.080><c> do</c><00:30:10.240><c> this</c> 00:30:10.470 --> 00:30:12.159 align:start position:0% x 00:30:10.480 --> 00:30:12.149 align:start position:0% x and<00:30:10.559><c> we</c><00:30:10.720><c> can</c><00:30:10.799><c> figure</c><00:30:11.039><c> this</c><00:30:11.279><c> out</c><00:30:11.760><c> and</c><00:30:11.840><c> then</c><00:30:12.000><c> you</c> 00:30:12.149 --> 00:30:14.399 align:start position:0% x 00:30:12.159 --> 00:30:14.389 align:start position:0% x start<00:30:12.399><c> to</c><00:30:12.480><c> make</c><00:30:12.720><c> a</c><00:30:12.799><c> prediction</c><00:30:13.440><c> beyond</c><00:30:14.080><c> 20</c> 00:30:14.389 --> 00:30:15.919 align:start position:0% x 00:30:14.399 --> 00:30:15.909 align:start position:0% x degrees<00:30:14.720><c> and</c><00:30:14.880><c> you</c><00:30:14.960><c> wonder</c><00:30:15.120><c> like</c><00:30:15.279><c> what</c><00:30:15.440><c> happens</c> 00:30:15.909 --> 00:30:17.360 align:start position:0% x 00:30:15.919 --> 00:30:17.350 align:start position:0% x beyond<00:30:16.320><c> 20</c> 00:30:17.350 --> 00:30:19.200 align:start position:0% x 00:30:17.360 --> 00:30:19.190 align:start position:0% x what<00:30:17.520><c> does</c><00:30:17.679><c> it</c><00:30:17.760><c> look</c><00:30:17.919><c> like</c><00:30:18.080><c> to</c><00:30:18.240><c> you</c> 00:30:19.190 --> 00:30:22.240 align:start position:0% x 00:30:19.200 --> 00:30:22.230 align:start position:0% x what<00:30:19.360><c> would</c><00:30:19.520><c> you</c><00:30:19.760><c> predict</c><00:30:20.240><c> beyond</c><00:30:20.559><c> 20.</c><00:30:22.000><c> sure</c> 00:30:22.230 --> 00:30:24.320 align:start position:0% x 00:30:22.240 --> 00:30:24.310 align:start position:0% x looks<00:30:22.480><c> like</c><00:30:22.720><c> just</c><00:30:23.039><c> going</c><00:30:23.360><c> off</c><00:30:23.520><c> right</c><00:30:23.840><c> going</c><00:30:24.159><c> up</c> 00:30:24.310 --> 00:30:26.080 align:start position:0% x 00:30:24.320 --> 00:30:26.070 align:start position:0% x and<00:30:24.399><c> going</c><00:30:24.720><c> up</c><00:30:25.120><c> but</c><00:30:25.279><c> when</c><00:30:25.440><c> you</c><00:30:25.600><c> find</c><00:30:25.840><c> out</c><00:30:26.000><c> and</c> 00:30:26.070 --> 00:30:28.480 align:start position:0% x 00:30:26.080 --> 00:30:28.470 align:start position:0% x actually<00:30:26.399><c> run</c><00:30:26.559><c> the</c><00:30:26.720><c> experiment</c><00:30:27.840><c> you</c><00:30:28.080><c> find</c><00:30:28.320><c> out</c> 00:30:28.470 --> 00:30:29.919 align:start position:0% x 00:30:28.480 --> 00:30:29.909 align:start position:0% x no<00:30:28.640><c> that</c><00:30:28.799><c> isn't</c><00:30:29.039><c> what</c><00:30:29.200><c> happens</c><00:30:29.520><c> when</c><00:30:29.679><c> you</c><00:30:29.760><c> get</c> 00:30:29.909 --> 00:30:32.480 align:start position:0% x 00:30:29.919 --> 00:30:32.470 align:start position:0% x up<00:30:30.080><c> into</c><00:30:30.559><c> 30</c><00:30:30.880><c> degrees</c><00:30:31.279><c> 35</c><00:30:31.760><c> degrees</c><00:30:32.159><c> you</c><00:30:32.240><c> hit</c> 00:30:32.470 --> 00:30:34.559 align:start position:0% x 00:30:32.480 --> 00:30:34.549 align:start position:0% x the<00:30:32.640><c> optimum</c><00:30:33.120><c> growth</c><00:30:33.360><c> rate</c><00:30:33.679><c> in</c><00:30:33.760><c> here</c><00:30:34.320><c> and</c><00:30:34.399><c> then</c> 00:30:34.549 --> 00:30:37.200 align:start position:0% x 00:30:34.559 --> 00:30:37.190 align:start position:0% x when<00:30:34.640><c> you</c><00:30:34.720><c> get</c><00:30:34.880><c> up</c><00:30:34.960><c> to</c><00:30:35.120><c> 40</c><00:30:35.440><c> what</c><00:30:35.679><c> happens</c> 00:30:37.190 --> 00:30:39.440 align:start position:0% x 00:30:37.200 --> 00:30:39.430 align:start position:0% x it<00:30:37.279><c> comes</c><00:30:37.520><c> down</c><00:30:37.760><c> why</c><00:30:37.919><c> does</c><00:30:38.000><c> it</c><00:30:38.080><c> come</c><00:30:38.320><c> down</c> 00:30:39.430 --> 00:30:40.799 align:start position:0% x 00:30:39.440 --> 00:30:40.789 align:start position:0% x kills<00:30:39.840><c> them</c> 00:30:40.789 --> 00:30:42.960 align:start position:0% x 00:30:40.799 --> 00:30:42.950 align:start position:0% x think<00:30:41.279><c> oh</c><00:30:41.600><c> never</c><00:30:41.840><c> thought</c><00:30:42.080><c> of</c><00:30:42.159><c> that</c> 00:30:42.950 --> 00:30:44.880 align:start position:0% x 00:30:42.960 --> 00:30:44.870 align:start position:0% x that's<00:30:43.200><c> the</c><00:30:43.440><c> problem</c><00:30:43.840><c> with</c><00:30:44.000><c> extrapolating</c> 00:30:44.870 --> 00:30:46.960 align:start position:0% x 00:30:44.880 --> 00:30:46.950 align:start position:0% x data<00:30:45.200><c> though</c><00:30:45.840><c> you</c><00:30:46.080><c> don't</c><00:30:46.399><c> know</c><00:30:46.640><c> what's</c><00:30:46.880><c> going</c> 00:30:46.950 --> 00:30:49.120 align:start position:0% x 00:30:46.960 --> 00:30:49.110 align:start position:0% x to<00:30:47.120><c> happen</c><00:30:47.440><c> for</c><00:30:47.679><c> sure</c><00:30:48.000><c> unless</c><00:30:48.399><c> you</c><00:30:48.559><c> can</c><00:30:48.880><c> run</c> 00:30:49.110 --> 00:30:51.919 align:start position:0% x 00:30:49.120 --> 00:30:51.909 align:start position:0% x the<00:30:49.360><c> experiment</c><00:30:50.080><c> beyond</c><00:30:50.480><c> that</c><00:30:50.720><c> range</c><00:30:51.440><c> so</c><00:30:51.760><c> when</c> 00:30:51.909 --> 00:30:53.360 align:start position:0% x 00:30:51.919 --> 00:30:53.350 align:start position:0% x you're<00:30:52.159><c> doing</c><00:30:52.480><c> stuff</c><00:30:52.720><c> like</c><00:30:52.880><c> this</c><00:30:53.120><c> and</c><00:30:53.200><c> you</c> 00:30:53.350 --> 00:30:56.000 align:start position:0% x 00:30:53.360 --> 00:30:55.990 align:start position:0% x test<00:30:53.679><c> this</c><00:30:53.919><c> temperature</c><00:30:54.720><c> you</c><00:30:54.880><c> test</c><00:30:55.200><c> 10</c><00:30:55.520><c> and</c><00:30:55.600><c> 15</c> 00:30:55.990 --> 00:30:57.760 align:start position:0% x 00:30:56.000 --> 00:30:57.750 align:start position:0% x to<00:30:56.159><c> 20</c><00:30:56.559><c> you're</c><00:30:56.880><c> pretty</c><00:30:57.120><c> sure</c><00:30:57.360><c> that</c><00:30:57.519><c> you're</c> 00:30:57.750 --> 00:31:00.480 align:start position:0% x 00:30:57.760 --> 00:31:00.470 align:start position:0% x pretty<00:30:58.000><c> solid</c><00:30:58.559><c> in</c><00:30:58.720><c> here</c><00:30:59.279><c> that's</c><00:30:59.600><c> interpret</c> 00:31:00.470 --> 00:31:02.880 align:start position:0% x 00:31:00.480 --> 00:31:02.870 align:start position:0% x interpolation<00:31:01.279><c> of</c><00:31:01.440><c> data</c><00:31:02.000><c> but</c><00:31:02.399><c> macro</c> 00:31:02.870 --> 00:31:04.960 align:start position:0% x 00:31:02.880 --> 00:31:04.950 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:31:03.600><c> extrapolates</c><00:31:04.640><c> beyond</c> 00:31:04.950 --> 00:31:07.200 align:start position:0% x 00:31:04.960 --> 00:31:07.190 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:31:06.000><c> and</c><00:31:06.159><c> makes</c><00:31:06.559><c> a</c><00:31:06.720><c> risky</c> 00:31:07.190 --> 00:31:08.640 align:start position:0% x 00:31:07.200 --> 00:31:08.630 align:start position:0% x prediction<00:31:07.840><c> about</c><00:31:08.080><c> what</c><00:31:08.320><c> might</c><00:31:08.559><c> have</c> 00:31:08.630 --> 00:31:10.960 align:start position:0% x 00:31:08.640 --> 00:31:10.950 align:start position:0% x happened<00:31:09.039><c> over</c><00:31:09.279><c> millions</c><00:31:09.679><c> of</c><00:31:09.840><c> years</c><00:31:10.399><c> we</c><00:31:10.720><c> have</c> 00:31:10.950 --> 00:31:12.960 align:start position:0% x 00:31:10.960 --> 00:31:12.950 align:start position:0% x no<00:31:11.279><c> idea</c><00:31:11.679><c> what</c><00:31:11.840><c> would</c><00:31:12.000><c> happen</c><00:31:12.320><c> over</c><00:31:12.559><c> millions</c> 00:31:12.950 --> 00:31:15.120 align:start position:0% x 00:31:12.960 --> 00:31:15.110 align:start position:0% x of<00:31:13.039><c> years</c><00:31:13.679><c> and</c><00:31:13.840><c> that's</c><00:31:14.159><c> the</c><00:31:14.320><c> problem</c><00:31:14.720><c> and</c><00:31:14.880><c> that</c> 00:31:15.110 --> 00:31:17.600 align:start position:0% x 00:31:15.120 --> 00:31:17.590 align:start position:0% x really<00:31:15.440><c> is</c><00:31:15.760><c> evolution's</c><00:31:16.399><c> leave</c><00:31:16.640><c> of</c><00:31:16.799><c> faith</c> 00:31:17.590 --> 00:31:20.640 align:start position:0% x 00:31:17.600 --> 00:31:20.630 align:start position:0% x it<00:31:17.840><c> takes</c><00:31:18.240><c> a</c><00:31:18.399><c> lot</c><00:31:18.640><c> of</c><00:31:18.960><c> faith</c><00:31:19.279><c> to</c><00:31:19.440><c> believe</c><00:31:20.240><c> that</c> 00:31:20.630 --> 00:31:23.279 align:start position:0% x 00:31:20.640 --> 00:31:23.269 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:31:21.679><c> concepts</c><00:31:22.320><c> over</c><00:31:22.720><c> millions</c><00:31:23.120><c> of</c> 00:31:23.269 --> 00:31:25.919 align:start position:0% x 00:31:23.279 --> 00:31:25.909 align:start position:0% x years<00:31:23.760><c> could</c><00:31:24.080><c> actually</c><00:31:24.480><c> produce</c><00:31:24.880><c> new</c><00:31:25.039><c> species</c> 00:31:25.909 --> 00:31:29.279 align:start position:0% x 00:31:25.919 --> 00:31:29.269 align:start position:0% x when<00:31:26.080><c> we</c><00:31:26.320><c> have</c><00:31:26.720><c> no</c><00:31:27.360><c> scientific</c><00:31:28.559><c> evidence</c><00:31:29.039><c> to</c> 00:31:29.269 --> 00:31:31.360 align:start position:0% x 00:31:29.279 --> 00:31:31.350 align:start position:0% x show<00:31:29.519><c> today</c><00:31:29.840><c> through</c><00:31:30.080><c> experimentation</c><00:31:30.880><c> that</c> 00:31:31.350 --> 00:31:33.519 align:start position:0% x 00:31:31.360 --> 00:31:33.509 align:start position:0% x actually<00:31:31.679><c> does</c><00:31:32.000><c> take</c><00:31:32.320><c> place</c><00:31:33.039><c> in</c><00:31:33.120><c> fact</c><00:31:33.360><c> there's</c> 00:31:33.509 --> 00:31:35.279 align:start position:0% x 00:31:33.519 --> 00:31:35.269 align:start position:0% x a<00:31:33.600><c> lot</c><00:31:33.760><c> of</c><00:31:34.000><c> evidence</c><00:31:34.399><c> today</c><00:31:34.640><c> that</c><00:31:34.799><c> shows</c><00:31:35.120><c> it</c> 00:31:35.269 --> 00:31:36.720 align:start position:0% x 00:31:35.279 --> 00:31:36.710 align:start position:0% x really<00:31:35.519><c> doesn't</c><00:31:35.840><c> happen</c><00:31:36.240><c> that</c><00:31:36.399><c> you</c><00:31:36.559><c> can</c> 00:31:36.710 --> 00:31:38.480 align:start position:0% x 00:31:36.720 --> 00:31:38.470 align:start position:0% x actually<00:31:37.039><c> reverse</c><00:31:37.519><c> things</c><00:31:37.760><c> and</c><00:31:37.919><c> there's</c><00:31:38.159><c> very</c> 00:31:38.470 --> 00:31:40.080 align:start position:0% x 00:31:38.480 --> 00:31:40.070 align:start position:0% x there's<00:31:38.720><c> a lot</c><00:31:38.880><c> of</c><00:31:39.039><c> limits</c><00:31:39.360><c> to</c><00:31:39.519><c> how</c><00:31:39.679><c> far</c><00:31:39.919><c> you</c> 00:31:40.070 --> 00:31:42.399 align:start position:0% x 00:31:40.080 --> 00:31:42.389 align:start position:0% x can<00:31:40.240><c> go</c><00:31:40.799><c> i</c><00:31:40.960><c> give</c><00:31:41.200><c> the</c><00:31:41.279><c> kids</c><00:31:41.519><c> examples</c><00:31:42.000><c> like</c><00:31:42.240><c> the</c> 00:31:42.389 --> 00:31:44.799 align:start position:0% x 00:31:42.399 --> 00:31:44.789 align:start position:0% x horse<00:31:42.720><c> racers</c><00:31:43.360><c> if</c><00:31:43.440><c> you're</c><00:31:43.679><c> into</c><00:31:43.919><c> horse</c><00:31:44.159><c> racing</c> 00:31:44.789 --> 00:31:46.559 align:start position:0% x 00:31:44.799 --> 00:31:46.549 align:start position:0% x if<00:31:44.960><c> you</c><00:31:45.200><c> project</c><00:31:45.600><c> horse</c><00:31:45.919><c> rate</c><00:31:46.159><c> the</c><00:31:46.240><c> speed</c><00:31:46.480><c> of</c> 00:31:46.549 --> 00:31:48.000 align:start position:0% x 00:31:46.559 --> 00:31:47.990 align:start position:0% x the<00:31:46.640><c> horses</c><00:31:47.039><c> that</c><00:31:47.120><c> win</c><00:31:47.360><c> like</c><00:31:47.519><c> the</c><00:31:47.600><c> kentucky</c> 00:31:47.990 --> 00:31:49.840 align:start position:0% x 00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:49.830 align:start position:0% x derby<00:31:48.320><c> and</c><00:31:48.399><c> so</c><00:31:48.559><c> on</c><00:31:48.720><c> over</c><00:31:48.960><c> time</c><00:31:49.279><c> they</c><00:31:49.519><c> actually</c> 00:31:49.830 --> 00:31:50.720 align:start position:0% x 00:31:49.840 --> 00:31:50.710 align:start position:0% x look<00:31:50.000><c> at</c><00:31:50.080><c> what's</c><00:31:50.240><c> happened</c><00:31:50.559><c> through</c> 00:31:50.710 --> 00:31:53.039 align:start position:0% x 00:31:50.720 --> 00:31:53.029 align:start position:0% x selective<00:31:51.120><c> breeding</c><00:31:51.760><c> those</c><00:31:52.240><c> horses</c><00:31:52.720><c> started</c> 00:31:53.029 --> 00:31:54.640 align:start position:0% x 00:31:53.039 --> 00:31:54.630 align:start position:0% x out<00:31:53.279><c> and</c><00:31:53.440><c> through</c><00:31:53.679><c> selective</c><00:31:54.080><c> breeding</c><00:31:54.480><c> the</c> 00:31:54.630 --> 00:31:56.640 align:start position:0% x 00:31:54.640 --> 00:31:56.630 align:start position:0% x speeds<00:31:55.279><c> the</c><00:31:55.519><c> extra</c><00:31:55.840><c> time</c><00:31:56.080><c> they</c><00:31:56.240><c> checked</c><00:31:56.559><c> the</c> 00:31:56.630 --> 00:31:58.159 align:start position:0% x 00:31:56.640 --> 00:31:58.149 align:start position:0% x time<00:31:56.880><c> the</c><00:31:56.960><c> time</c><00:31:57.200><c> the</c><00:31:57.360><c> kentucky</c><00:31:57.679><c> derby</c><00:31:58.000><c> was</c> 00:31:58.149 --> 00:32:01.120 align:start position:0% x 00:31:58.159 --> 00:32:01.110 align:start position:0% x coming<00:31:58.399><c> down</c><00:31:58.880><c> down</c><00:31:59.279><c> down</c><00:32:00.320><c> but</c> 00:32:01.110 --> 00:32:03.120 align:start position:0% x 00:32:01.120 --> 00:32:03.110 align:start position:0% x what<00:32:01.279><c> do</c><00:32:01.360><c> you</c><00:32:01.440><c> think</c><00:32:01.760><c> happened</c> 00:32:03.110 --> 00:32:06.480 align:start position:0% x 00:32:03.120 --> 00:32:06.470 align:start position:0% x came<00:32:03.440><c> down</c><00:32:03.760><c> in</c><00:32:03.840><c> the</c><00:32:04.039><c> 1940s</c><00:32:05.120><c> the</c><00:32:05.279><c> 50s</c><00:32:05.760><c> the</c><00:32:05.919><c> 60s</c> 00:32:06.470 --> 00:32:08.399 align:start position:0% x 00:32:06.480 --> 00:32:08.389 align:start position:0% x as<00:32:06.640><c> they</c><00:32:06.799><c> bred</c><00:32:07.120><c> the</c><00:32:07.200><c> horses</c><00:32:07.679><c> and</c><00:32:07.760><c> got</c><00:32:08.000><c> faster</c> 00:32:08.389 --> 00:32:10.320 align:start position:0% x 00:32:08.399 --> 00:32:10.310 align:start position:0% x and<00:32:08.559><c> faster</c><00:32:08.960><c> horses</c><00:32:09.600><c> but</c><00:32:09.760><c> what</c><00:32:09.919><c> do</c><00:32:10.000><c> you</c><00:32:10.080><c> think</c> 00:32:10.310 --> 00:32:13.440 align:start position:0% x 00:32:10.320 --> 00:32:13.430 align:start position:0% x happened<00:32:10.720><c> since</c><00:32:10.960><c> then</c><00:32:11.200><c> since</c><00:32:11.440><c> the</c><00:32:11.519><c> 1970s</c><00:32:12.720><c> it</c> 00:32:13.430 --> 00:32:16.320 align:start position:0% x 00:32:13.440 --> 00:32:16.310 align:start position:0% x level<00:32:14.000><c> off</c><00:32:14.640><c> flatline</c> 00:32:16.310 --> 00:32:18.640 align:start position:0% x 00:32:16.320 --> 00:32:18.630 align:start position:0% x and<00:32:16.480><c> the</c><00:32:16.720><c> problem</c><00:32:17.120><c> is</c><00:32:17.600><c> here's</c><00:32:17.840><c> what</c><00:32:18.000><c> has</c><00:32:18.480><c> the</c> 00:32:18.630 --> 00:32:22.000 align:start position:0% x 00:32:18.640 --> 00:32:21.990 align:start position:0% x problem<00:32:19.039><c> with</c><00:32:19.679><c> extrapolating</c><00:32:20.720><c> data</c><00:32:21.440><c> is</c><00:32:21.600><c> that</c> 00:32:21.990 --> 00:32:23.840 align:start position:0% x 00:32:22.000 --> 00:32:23.830 align:start position:0% x once<00:32:22.240><c> you</c><00:32:22.399><c> get</c><00:32:22.559><c> the</c><00:32:22.720><c> best</c><00:32:23.039><c> combination</c><00:32:23.679><c> of</c> 00:32:23.830 --> 00:32:25.440 align:start position:0% x 00:32:23.840 --> 00:32:25.430 align:start position:0% x genes<00:32:24.240><c> and</c><00:32:24.399><c> you</c><00:32:24.559><c> produce</c><00:32:24.880><c> your</c><00:32:25.039><c> fastest</c> 00:32:25.430 --> 00:32:27.279 align:start position:0% x 00:32:25.440 --> 00:32:27.269 align:start position:0% x racehorse<00:32:26.320><c> you're</c><00:32:26.480><c> not</c><00:32:26.640><c> going</c><00:32:26.799><c> to</c><00:32:26.880><c> get</c><00:32:27.039><c> any</c> 00:32:27.269 --> 00:32:29.039 align:start position:0% x 00:32:27.279 --> 00:32:29.029 align:start position:0% x faster<00:32:27.679><c> race</c><00:32:27.919><c> horses</c><00:32:28.320><c> by</c><00:32:28.480><c> just</c><00:32:28.720><c> breeding</c> 00:32:29.029 --> 00:32:31.279 align:start position:0% x 00:32:29.039 --> 00:32:31.269 align:start position:0% x those<00:32:29.360><c> fast</c><00:32:29.600><c> race</c><00:32:29.840><c> horses</c><00:32:30.640><c> and</c><00:32:30.720><c> that's</c><00:32:30.960><c> been</c><00:32:31.200><c> a</c> 00:32:31.269 --> 00:32:33.360 align:start position:0% x 00:32:31.279 --> 00:32:33.350 align:start position:0% x real<00:32:31.679><c> dilemma</c><00:32:32.159><c> to</c><00:32:32.320><c> the</c><00:32:32.480><c> racehorse</c><00:32:32.960><c> industry</c> 00:32:33.350 --> 00:32:34.640 align:start position:0% x 00:32:33.360 --> 00:32:34.630 align:start position:0% x there's<00:32:33.519><c> a</c><00:32:33.600><c> whole</c><00:32:33.760><c> bunch</c><00:32:34.000><c> of</c><00:32:34.080><c> things</c><00:32:34.399><c> like</c> 00:32:34.630 --> 00:32:37.120 align:start position:0% x 00:32:34.640 --> 00:32:37.110 align:start position:0% x that<00:32:35.279><c> are</c><00:32:35.440><c> the</c><00:32:35.519><c> real</c><00:32:35.760><c> problems</c><00:32:36.320><c> of</c><00:32:36.640><c> looking</c><00:32:36.960><c> at</c> 00:32:37.110 --> 00:32:39.200 align:start position:0% x 00:32:37.120 --> 00:32:39.190 align:start position:0% x macro<00:32:37.440><c> evolution</c><00:32:37.919><c> so</c><00:32:38.320><c> you</c><00:32:38.480><c> can</c><00:32:38.640><c> actually</c><00:32:38.960><c> show</c> 00:32:39.190 --> 00:32:41.039 align:start position:0% x 00:32:39.200 --> 00:32:41.029 align:start position:0% x people<00:32:39.519><c> today</c><00:32:39.919><c> that</c><00:32:40.159><c> macro</c><00:32:40.559><c> evolution</c> 00:32:41.029 --> 00:32:42.960 align:start position:0% x 00:32:41.039 --> 00:32:42.950 align:start position:0% x concepts<00:32:41.679><c> really</c><00:32:41.919><c> we</c><00:32:42.080><c> have</c><00:32:42.320><c> data</c><00:32:42.640><c> that</c><00:32:42.799><c> we've</c> 00:32:42.950 --> 00:32:44.960 align:start position:0% x 00:32:42.960 --> 00:32:44.950 align:start position:0% x collected<00:32:43.840><c> that</c><00:32:44.080><c> show</c><00:32:44.320><c> that</c><00:32:44.559><c> there</c><00:32:44.720><c> are</c> 00:32:44.950 --> 00:32:46.960 align:start position:0% x 00:32:44.960 --> 00:32:46.950 align:start position:0% x extreme<00:32:45.440><c> limits</c><00:32:45.760><c> to</c><00:32:45.919><c> this</c><00:32:46.080><c> as</c><00:32:46.240><c> to</c><00:32:46.399><c> how</c><00:32:46.559><c> far</c><00:32:46.880><c> you</c> 00:32:46.950 --> 00:32:48.000 align:start position:0% x 00:32:46.960 --> 00:32:47.990 align:start position:0% x can<00:32:47.200><c> go</c> 00:32:47.990 --> 00:32:49.840 align:start position:0% x 00:32:48.000 --> 00:32:49.830 align:start position:0% x so<00:32:48.240><c> antibiotic</c><00:32:48.799><c> resistance</c><00:32:49.360><c> if</c><00:32:49.440><c> your</c><00:32:49.600><c> kids</c> 00:32:49.830 --> 00:32:51.600 align:start position:0% x 00:32:49.840 --> 00:32:51.590 align:start position:0% x coming<00:32:50.080><c> home</c><00:32:50.320><c> and</c><00:32:50.480><c> they</c><00:32:50.640><c> talk</c><00:32:50.880><c> about</c><00:32:51.120><c> that</c> 00:32:51.590 --> 00:32:53.919 align:start position:0% x 00:32:51.600 --> 00:32:53.909 align:start position:0% x this<00:32:51.840><c> has</c><00:32:52.240><c> real</c><00:32:52.480><c> practical</c><00:32:53.039><c> value</c><00:32:53.600><c> don't</c> 00:32:53.909 --> 00:32:55.679 align:start position:0% x 00:32:53.919 --> 00:32:55.669 align:start position:0% x throw<00:32:54.240><c> this</c><00:32:54.399><c> stuff</c><00:32:54.720><c> out</c><00:32:54.880><c> this</c><00:32:55.120><c> is</c><00:32:55.279><c> actually</c> 00:32:55.669 --> 00:32:58.000 align:start position:0% x 00:32:55.679 --> 00:32:57.990 align:start position:0% x good<00:32:56.080><c> science</c><00:32:56.799><c> you</c><00:32:57.039><c> talk</c><00:32:57.279><c> about</c><00:32:57.519><c> the</c><00:32:57.760><c> in</c><00:32:57.840><c> the</c> 00:32:57.990 --> 00:32:59.840 align:start position:0% x 00:32:58.000 --> 00:32:59.830 align:start position:0% x hospitals<00:32:58.559><c> today</c><00:32:58.799><c> when</c><00:32:58.960><c> you</c><00:32:59.039><c> look</c><00:32:59.279><c> at</c><00:32:59.679><c> the</c> 00:32:59.830 --> 00:33:00.960 align:start position:0% x 00:32:59.840 --> 00:33:00.950 align:start position:0% x predictions<00:33:00.399><c> that</c><00:33:00.480><c> are</c><00:33:00.640><c> there</c><00:33:00.799><c> in</c><00:33:00.880><c> the</c> 00:33:00.950 --> 00:33:02.640 align:start position:0% x 00:33:00.960 --> 00:33:02.630 align:start position:0% x hospitals<00:33:01.519><c> of</c><00:33:01.679><c> what</c><00:33:01.840><c> you</c><00:33:01.919><c> could</c><00:33:02.080><c> do</c><00:33:02.320><c> this</c><00:33:02.480><c> was</c> 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align:start position:0% x 00:33:10.399 --> 00:33:12.950 align:start position:0% x hospital<00:33:10.880><c> but</c><00:33:11.039><c> we</c><00:33:11.200><c> reduced</c><00:33:11.760><c> them</c><00:33:12.080><c> by</c><00:33:12.640><c> 30</c> 00:33:12.950 --> 00:33:14.799 align:start position:0% x 00:33:12.960 --> 00:33:14.789 align:start position:0% x percent<00:33:13.760><c> if</c><00:33:13.919><c> you</c><00:33:14.000><c> weren't</c><00:33:14.240><c> giving</c><00:33:14.480><c> out</c><00:33:14.640><c> so</c> 00:33:14.789 --> 00:33:16.640 align:start position:0% x 00:33:14.799 --> 00:33:16.630 align:start position:0% x many<00:33:15.039><c> antibiotics</c><00:33:15.760><c> you</c><00:33:15.919><c> wouldn't</c><00:33:16.159><c> producing</c> 00:33:16.630 --> 00:33:19.039 align:start position:0% x 00:33:16.640 --> 00:33:19.029 align:start position:0% x so<00:33:16.799><c> many</c><00:33:17.039><c> antibiotic</c><00:33:17.600><c> resistant</c><00:33:18.080><c> bugs</c><00:33:18.799><c> and</c> 00:33:19.029 --> 00:33:20.720 align:start position:0% x 00:33:19.039 --> 00:33:20.710 align:start position:0% x therefore<00:33:19.519><c> you</c><00:33:19.679><c> could</c><00:33:19.840><c> really</c><00:33:20.240><c> lower</c><00:33:20.559><c> the</c> 00:33:20.710 --> 00:33:23.120 align:start position:0% x 00:33:20.720 --> 00:33:23.110 align:start position:0% x clostridium<00:33:21.519><c> this</c><00:33:21.760><c> is</c><00:33:21.919><c> steel</c><00:33:22.399><c> which</c><00:33:22.640><c> is</c><00:33:22.880><c> that</c> 00:33:23.110 --> 00:33:25.039 align:start position:0% x 00:33:23.120 --> 00:33:25.029 align:start position:0% x see<00:33:23.360><c> this</c><00:33:23.600><c> stuff</c><00:33:23.919><c> that</c><00:33:24.080><c> is</c><00:33:24.240><c> killing</c><00:33:24.640><c> so</c><00:33:24.799><c> many</c> 00:33:25.029 --> 00:33:27.120 align:start position:0% x 00:33:25.039 --> 00:33:27.110 align:start position:0% x people<00:33:25.279><c> in</c><00:33:25.440><c> our</c><00:33:25.600><c> hospitals</c><00:33:26.480><c> all</c><00:33:26.640><c> right</c><00:33:26.880><c> but</c> 00:33:27.110 --> 00:33:30.000 align:start position:0% x 00:33:27.120 --> 00:33:29.990 align:start position:0% x this<00:33:27.440><c> is</c><00:33:27.679><c> all</c><00:33:28.080><c> good</c><00:33:28.559><c> science</c><00:33:29.039><c> this</c><00:33:29.360><c> is</c><00:33:29.600><c> micro</c> 00:33:29.990 --> 00:33:32.640 align:start position:0% x 00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:32.630 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:33:30.640><c> and</c><00:33:30.799><c> it</c><00:33:30.960><c> has</c><00:33:31.279><c> real</c><00:33:31.760><c> practical</c> 00:33:32.630 --> 00:33:35.039 align:start position:0% x 00:33:32.640 --> 00:33:35.029 align:start position:0% x effects<00:33:33.039><c> today</c><00:33:33.600><c> and</c><00:33:33.760><c> this</c><00:33:34.000><c> is</c><00:33:34.159><c> why</c><00:33:34.399><c> we</c><00:33:34.559><c> do</c><00:33:34.720><c> want</c> 00:33:35.029 --> 00:33:37.360 align:start position:0% x 00:33:35.039 --> 00:33:37.350 align:start position:0% x our<00:33:35.200><c> kids</c><00:33:35.440><c> to</c><00:33:35.600><c> know</c><00:33:35.760><c> that</c><00:33:36.480><c> so</c><00:33:36.799><c> don't</c><00:33:37.039><c> throw</c><00:33:37.279><c> the</c> 00:33:37.350 --> 00:33:38.960 align:start position:0% x 00:33:37.360 --> 00:33:38.950 align:start position:0% x baby<00:33:37.679><c> out</c><00:33:37.840><c> with</c><00:33:38.000><c> the</c><00:33:38.080><c> bath</c><00:33:38.399><c> water</c><00:33:38.720><c> and</c> 00:33:38.950 --> 00:33:40.799 align:start position:0% x 00:33:38.960 --> 00:33:40.789 align:start position:0% x evolution<00:33:39.760><c> don't</c><00:33:40.000><c> be</c><00:33:40.159><c> one</c><00:33:40.320><c> of</c><00:33:40.399><c> those</c><00:33:40.559><c> people</c> 00:33:40.789 --> 00:33:42.480 align:start position:0% x 00:33:40.799 --> 00:33:42.470 align:start position:0% x who<00:33:40.880><c> just</c><00:33:41.120><c> over</c><00:33:41.360><c> simplifies</c><00:33:41.919><c> the</c><00:33:42.080><c> subject</c><00:33:42.399><c> and</c> 00:33:42.470 --> 00:33:44.000 align:start position:0% x 00:33:42.480 --> 00:33:43.990 align:start position:0% x just<00:33:42.640><c> says</c><00:33:42.799><c> i</c><00:33:42.880><c> don't</c><00:33:43.039><c> believe</c><00:33:43.360><c> in</c><00:33:43.440><c> evolution</c> 00:33:43.990 --> 00:33:46.320 align:start position:0% x 00:33:44.000 --> 00:33:46.310 align:start position:0% x anymore<00:33:44.720><c> you</c><00:33:44.880><c> got</c><00:33:45.039><c> to</c><00:33:45.120><c> clarify</c><00:33:45.600><c> that</c><00:33:45.840><c> and</c><00:33:45.919><c> say</c> 00:33:46.310 --> 00:33:48.320 align:start position:0% x 00:33:46.320 --> 00:33:48.310 align:start position:0% x i<00:33:46.399><c> don't</c><00:33:46.640><c> believe</c><00:33:46.960><c> in</c> 00:33:48.310 --> 00:33:51.679 align:start position:0% x 00:33:48.320 --> 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species</c><00:34:10.240><c> could</c><00:34:10.399><c> actually</c> 00:34:10.869 --> 00:34:12.800 align:start position:0% x 00:34:10.879 --> 00:34:12.790 align:start position:0% x change<00:34:11.520><c> and</c><00:34:11.679><c> we</c><00:34:11.919><c> really</c><00:34:12.240><c> don't</c><00:34:12.399><c> know</c><00:34:12.639><c> that</c> 00:34:12.790 --> 00:34:14.240 align:start position:0% x 00:34:12.800 --> 00:34:14.230 align:start position:0% x that<00:34:12.960><c> could</c><00:34:13.119><c> ever</c><00:34:13.359><c> occur</c> 00:34:14.230 --> 00:34:16.560 align:start position:0% x 00:34:14.240 --> 00:34:16.550 align:start position:0% x and<00:34:14.639><c> that's</c><00:34:14.960><c> really</c><00:34:15.359><c> my</c><00:34:15.520><c> goal</c><00:34:15.760><c> today</c><00:34:16.159><c> so</c><00:34:16.320><c> make</c> 00:34:16.550 --> 00:34:18.079 align:start position:0% x 00:34:16.560 --> 00:34:18.069 align:start position:0% x sure<00:34:16.800><c> 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informed</c><00:34:30.480><c> teacher</c><00:34:30.879><c> when</c><00:34:31.040><c> this</c> 00:34:31.270 --> 00:34:32.800 align:start position:0% x 00:34:31.280 --> 00:34:32.790 align:start position:0% x stuff<00:34:31.440><c> comes</c><00:34:31.679><c> up</c><00:34:31.839><c> in</c><00:34:32.000><c> our</c><00:34:32.079><c> seminars</c><00:34:32.720><c> and</c> 00:34:32.790 --> 00:34:34.639 align:start position:0% x 00:34:32.800 --> 00:34:34.629 align:start position:0% x you're<00:34:32.960><c> talking</c><00:34:33.280><c> about</c><00:34:33.520><c> this</c><00:34:34.079><c> we</c><00:34:34.240><c> want</c><00:34:34.399><c> to</c><00:34:34.480><c> be</c> 00:34:34.629 --> 00:34:36.560 align:start position:0% x 00:34:34.639 --> 00:34:36.550 align:start position:0% x able<00:34:34.800><c> to</c><00:34:34.960><c> tell</c><00:34:35.200><c> people</c><00:34:35.839><c> what</c><00:34:36.000><c> we</c><00:34:36.240><c> really</c> 00:34:36.550 --> 00:34:38.320 align:start position:0% x 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00:34:45.669 --> 00:34:48.879 align:start position:0% x 00:34:45.679 --> 00:34:48.869 align:start position:0% x microevolution<00:34:46.800><c> good</c><00:34:47.119><c> stuff</c><00:34:47.839><c> macroevolution</c> 00:34:48.869 --> 00:34:50.800 align:start position:0% x 00:34:48.879 --> 00:34:50.790 align:start position:0% x is<00:34:49.040><c> the</c><00:34:49.119><c> stuff</c><00:34:49.359><c> that's</c><00:34:49.599><c> highly</c><00:34:49.919><c> speculative</c> 00:34:50.790 --> 00:34:52.320 align:start position:0% x 00:34:50.800 --> 00:34:52.310 align:start position:0% x and<00:34:50.960><c> they</c><00:34:51.119><c> can</c><00:34:51.280><c> certainly</c><00:34:51.679><c> thank</c><00:34:51.919><c> god</c><00:34:52.240><c> you</c> 00:34:52.310 --> 00:34:53.760 align:start position:0% x 00:34:52.320 --> 00:34:53.750 align:start position:0% x know<00:34:52.399><c> what</c><00:34:52.560><c> a</c><00:34:52.639><c> wonderful</c><00:34:53.119><c> god</c><00:34:53.280><c> that</c><00:34:53.440><c> we</c><00:34:53.520><c> have</c> 00:34:53.750 --> 00:34:55.599 align:start position:0% x 00:34:53.760 --> 00:34:55.589 align:start position:0% x that<00:34:53.919><c> he's</c><00:34:54.079><c> called</c><00:34:54.399><c> us</c><00:34:54.480><c> to</c><00:34:54.639><c> understand</c><00:34:55.119><c> this</c> 00:34:55.589 --> 00:34:57.200 align:start position:0% x 00:34:55.599 --> 00:34:57.190 align:start position:0% x look<00:34:55.839><c> at</c><00:34:55.919><c> how</c><00:34:56.079><c> many</c><00:34:56.320><c> people</c><00:34:56.560><c> of</c><00:34:56.639><c> this</c><00:34:56.879><c> world</c> 00:34:57.190 --> 00:34:58.480 align:start position:0% x 00:34:57.200 --> 00:34:58.470 align:start position:0% x don't<00:34:57.440><c> get</c><00:34:57.599><c> it</c> 00:34:58.470 --> 00:35:00.160 align:start position:0% x 00:34:58.480 --> 00:35:00.150 align:start position:0% x they<00:34:58.640><c> don't</c><00:34:58.800><c> understand</c><00:34:59.359><c> these</c><00:34:59.599><c> things</c><00:35:00.000><c> and</c> 00:35:00.150 --> 00:35:02.000 align:start position:0% x 00:35:00.160 --> 00:35:01.990 align:start position:0% x you<00:35:00.240><c> know</c><00:35:00.400><c> you've</c><00:35:00.640><c> been</c><00:35:00.960><c> privileged</c><00:35:01.520><c> to</c><00:35:01.680><c> be</c> 00:35:01.990 --> 00:35:03.359 align:start position:0% x 00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:03.349 align:start position:0% x you<00:35:02.079><c> know</c><00:35:02.240><c> part</c><00:35:02.400><c> of</c><00:35:02.480><c> the</c><00:35:02.640><c> group</c><00:35:02.880><c> of</c><00:35:03.040><c> people</c> 00:35:03.349 --> 00:35:06.240 align:start position:0% x 00:35:03.359 --> 00:35:06.230 align:start position:0% x that<00:35:03.599><c> he</c><00:35:03.839><c> has</c><00:35:04.160><c> called</c><00:35:04.960><c> and</c><00:35:05.200><c> revealed</c><00:35:05.920><c> these</c> 00:35:06.230 --> 00:35:08.640 align:start position:0% x 00:35:06.240 --> 00:35:08.630 align:start position:0% x things<00:35:06.480><c> to</c><00:35:06.720><c> people</c><00:35:07.280><c> and</c><00:35:07.520><c> as</c><00:35:07.760><c> paul</c><00:35:08.079><c> says</c><00:35:08.400><c> to</c><00:35:08.560><c> the</c> 00:35:08.630 --> 00:35:10.800 align:start position:0% x 00:35:08.640 --> 00:35:10.790 align:start position:0% x corinthians<00:35:09.440><c> many</c><00:35:09.680><c> of</c><00:35:09.839><c> the</c><00:35:10.000><c> wise</c><00:35:10.400><c> of</c><00:35:10.480><c> this</c> 00:35:10.790 --> 00:35:13.040 align:start position:0% x 00:35:10.800 --> 00:35:13.030 align:start position:0% x world<00:35:11.119><c> were</c><00:35:11.359><c> never</c><00:35:11.680><c> given</c><00:35:11.920><c> this</c><00:35:12.160><c> opportunity</c> 00:35:13.030 --> 00:35:14.720 align:start position:0% x 00:35:13.040 --> 00:35:14.710 align:start position:0% x this<00:35:13.280><c> is</c><00:35:13.440><c> something</c><00:35:13.760><c> you</c><00:35:13.839><c> can</c><00:35:14.000><c> go</c><00:35:14.240><c> home</c><00:35:14.480><c> and</c><00:35:14.560><c> be</c> 00:35:14.710 --> 00:35:16.800 align:start position:0% x 00:35:14.720 --> 00:35:16.790 align:start position:0% x really<00:35:15.040><c> thankful</c><00:35:15.440><c> for</c><00:35:16.000><c> and</c><00:35:16.160><c> make</c><00:35:16.400><c> sure</c><00:35:16.560><c> you</c> 00:35:16.790 --> 00:35:19.040 align:start position:0% x 00:35:16.800 --> 00:35:19.030 align:start position:0% x use<00:35:17.040><c> it</c><00:35:17.200><c> to</c><00:35:17.359><c> the</c><00:35:17.440><c> glory</c><00:35:17.760><c> of</c><00:35:17.920><c> god</c> 00:35:19.030 --> 00:35:20.960 align:start position:0% x 00:35:19.040 --> 00:35:20.950 align:start position:0% x so<00:35:19.280><c> thanks</c><00:35:19.599><c> very</c><00:35:19.839><c> much</c><00:35:20.160><c> and</c><00:35:20.400><c> hopefully</c><00:35:20.800><c> that</c> 00:35:20.950 --> 00:35:22.480 align:start position:0% x 00:35:20.960 --> 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