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Okay,<00:00:01.500><c> if</c><00:00:01.560><c> you'd</c><00:00:01.780><c> like</c><00:00:01.780><c> to</c><00:00:01.960><c> turn</c><00:00:02.220><c> to</c><00:00:02.779><c> Psalm</c><00:00:03.279><c> chapter</c><00:00:04.000><c> 12,</c><00:00:06.240><c> I'm</c>

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going<00:00:06.419><c> to</c><00:00:06.540><c> take</c><00:00:06.660><c> a</c><00:00:06.759><c> few</c><00:00:06.980><c> thoughts</c><00:00:07.459><c> from</c>

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this<00:00:09.580><c> Psalm</c><00:00:09.779><c> to</c><00:00:09.980><c> begin</c><00:00:10.359><c> with.</c>

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And<00:00:11.640><c> then</c><00:00:11.759><c> we're</c><00:00:11.939><c> going</c><00:00:12.220><c> to,</c><00:00:13.080><c> as</c><00:00:13.359><c> I</c><00:00:13.560><c> warned</c><00:00:13.779><c> you,</c><00:00:14.140><c> enter</c><00:00:14.279><c> into</c>

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some<00:00:14.859><c> more</c><00:00:15.439><c> technical</c><00:00:15.960><c> details.</c>

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We<00:00:17.420><c> dealt</c><00:00:17.620><c> with</c><00:00:17.820><c> in</c><00:00:17.920><c> our</c><00:00:18.120><c> first</c><00:00:18.460><c> session</c><00:00:18.920><c> the</c><00:00:19.399><c> sum</c><00:00:19.760><c> of</c><00:00:20.079><c> the</c><00:00:20.239><c> matter,</c><00:00:21.059><c> which</c><00:00:21.320><c> sort</c><00:00:21.519><c> of</c>

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from<00:00:22.679><c> a</c><00:00:22.960><c> higher</c>

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level<00:00:23.600><c> point</c><00:00:23.839><c> of</c><00:00:24.019><c> view</c><00:00:24.219><c> gave</c><00:00:24.500><c> you</c><00:00:24.760><c> all</c><00:00:24.920><c> of</c><00:00:25.079><c> our</c><00:00:25.320><c> summary</c><00:00:25.739><c> conclusions,</c><00:00:26.960><c> all</c>

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of<00:00:27.300><c> the</c><00:00:27.440><c> main</c><00:00:27.660><c> things</c><00:00:27.940><c> that</c><00:00:28.079><c> we'd</c>

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want<00:00:28.399><c> to</c><00:00:28.519><c> take</c><00:00:28.820><c> home</c><00:00:29.059><c> with</c><00:00:29.239><c> us</c><00:00:29.579><c> today.</c>

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And<00:00:31.059><c> then</c><00:00:31.239><c> we</c><00:00:31.379><c> started</c><00:00:31.660><c> by</c><00:00:31.940><c> looking</c><00:00:32.140><c> at</c><00:00:32.420><c> the</c><00:00:32.899><c> textual</c><00:00:33.579><c> evidence,</c><00:00:34.740><c> and</c><00:00:34.799><c> we've</c><00:00:35.119><c> noticed</c><00:00:35.520><c> that</c><00:00:35.780><c> there</c><00:00:35.939><c> is</c>

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a<00:00:36.340><c> tremendous</c><00:00:37.020><c> amount</c><00:00:37.700><c> of</c><00:00:39.039><c> evidence</c><00:00:39.539><c> that's</c><00:00:40.579><c> available</c><00:00:41.079><c> to</c><00:00:41.539><c> us.</c>

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It's<00:00:42.520><c> not</c><00:00:42.640><c> like</c><00:00:42.820><c> there's</c><00:00:43.079><c> one</c><00:00:43.380><c> version</c><00:00:43.820><c> which</c><00:00:44.179><c> has</c><00:00:44.520><c> been</c>

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carefully<00:00:45.820><c> preserved.</c>

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It's<00:00:47.700><c> like</c><00:00:47.899><c> there's</c><00:00:48.259><c> a</c><00:00:48.460><c> lot</c><00:00:48.719><c> of</c><00:00:48.960><c> versions</c><00:00:49.479><c> and</c><00:00:50.140><c> a</c><00:00:50.299><c> lot</c><00:00:50.520><c> of</c><00:00:50.859><c> manuscripts</c><00:00:51.240><c> that</c>

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can<00:00:51.640><c> be</c><00:00:52.000><c> compared</c><00:00:52.299><c> one</c>

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with<00:00:52.840><c> another.</c>

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If<00:00:53.299><c> there</c><00:00:53.479><c> was</c><00:00:53.719><c> just</c><00:00:53.979><c> that</c><00:00:54.280><c> one,</c><00:00:55.119><c> we</c><00:00:55.579><c> might</c><00:00:55.899><c> be</c><00:00:56.240><c> suspecting</c><00:00:57.399><c> of</c>

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how<00:00:57.960><c> it</c><00:00:58.100><c> was</c><00:00:58.259><c> cared</c><00:00:58.500><c> for</c><00:00:59.020><c> all</c><00:00:59.259><c> the</c><00:00:59.359><c> way</c><00:00:59.719><c> down</c><00:01:00.039><c> through</c>

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time.

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It<00:01:00.840><c> would,</c><00:01:01.039><c> of</c><00:01:01.179><c> course,</c><00:01:01.399><c> be</c><00:01:01.579><c> much</c><00:01:01.799><c> easier</c><00:01:02.119><c> to</c><00:01:02.460><c> change.</c>

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But<00:01:03.560><c> with</c><00:01:03.799><c> all</c><00:01:04.219><c> of</c><00:01:04.400><c> what</c><00:01:04.540><c> took</c><00:01:04.799><c> place</c><00:01:05.299><c> in</c><00:01:05.500><c> geography,</c><00:01:06.439><c> in</c><00:01:06.700><c> time,</c><00:01:07.379><c> in</c>

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translation,<00:01:08.939><c> in</c><00:01:09.140><c> people</c><00:01:09.540><c> that</c><00:01:09.739><c> were</c>

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not<00:01:10.260><c> friendly</c><00:01:10.640><c> with</c><00:01:10.920><c> one</c><00:01:11.079><c> another,</c><00:01:11.980><c> we</c><00:01:12.180><c> can</c><00:01:12.319><c> be</c><00:01:12.620><c> sure</c><00:01:13.060><c> that</c><00:01:13.519><c> we</c>

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have<00:01:14.040><c> in</c><00:01:14.299><c> our</c><00:01:14.480><c> hands</c><00:01:14.780><c> the</c><00:01:15.079><c> veritable</c><00:01:15.519><c> Word</c>

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of<00:01:16.379><c> God.</c>

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There's<00:01:18.939><c> a</c><00:01:19.019><c> beautiful</c><00:01:19.379><c> passage</c><00:01:19.900><c> here</c><00:01:20.239><c> in</c><00:01:20.480><c> Psalm</c><00:01:20.859><c> chapter</c><00:01:21.420><c> 12.</c>

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We<00:01:23.760><c> pick</c><00:01:23.939><c> it</c><00:01:24.040><c> up</c><00:01:24.219><c> in</c><00:01:24.379><c> verse</c><00:01:24.659><c> 6.</c>

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It<00:01:25.260><c> says,</c><00:01:25.700><c> The</c><00:01:25.700><c> words</c><00:01:26.120><c> of</c><00:01:26.359><c> the</c><00:01:26.599><c> Lord</c><00:01:26.939><c> are</c><00:01:27.459><c> pure</c><00:01:28.159><c> words.</c>

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As<00:01:30.040><c> silver</c><00:01:30.439><c> tried</c><00:01:30.939><c> in</c><00:01:31.180><c> a</c><00:01:31.379><c> furnace</c><00:01:31.879><c> of</c><00:01:32.540><c> earth,</c><00:01:33.500><c> purified</c><00:01:34.239><c> seven</c>

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times,<00:01:36.099><c> thou</c><00:01:36.359><c> shalt</c><00:01:36.700><c> keep</c><00:01:37.040><c> them,</c><00:01:37.579><c> O</c><00:01:37.920><c> Lord.</c>

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Thou<00:01:38.480><c> shalt</c><00:01:38.799><c> preserve</c><00:01:39.340><c> them</c><00:01:39.659><c> from</c><00:01:39.939><c> this</c><00:01:40.239><c> generation</c><00:01:41.000><c> forever.</c>

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A<00:01:43.280><c> beautiful</c><00:01:43.700><c> passage</c><00:01:44.439><c> that</c><00:01:44.819><c> we</c><00:01:44.980><c> read</c><00:01:45.200><c> from</c><00:01:45.400><c> the</c><00:01:45.599><c> King</c><00:01:45.840><c> James</c>

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Version,<00:01:47.280><c> often</c><00:01:47.400><c> in</c><00:01:47.659><c> relation</c><00:01:48.239><c> to</c><00:01:48.439><c> this</c>

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subject.

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It's<00:01:50.120><c> interesting</c><00:01:50.579><c> in</c><00:01:50.760><c> verse</c><00:01:51.019><c> 6</c><00:01:51.299><c> that</c><00:01:51.400><c> there's</c><00:01:51.640><c> actually</c><00:01:52.219><c> three</c><00:01:52.640><c> words</c><00:01:53.640><c> for</c><00:01:54.299><c> pure.</c>

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If<00:01:56.640><c> you</c><00:01:56.700><c> look</c><00:01:57.060><c> there</c><00:01:57.459><c> in</c><00:01:57.700><c> verse</c><00:01:57.959><c> 6,</c><00:01:58.400><c> the</c><00:01:58.439><c> words</c><00:01:58.719><c> of</c><00:01:58.859><c> the</c><00:01:59.000><c> Lord</c>

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are<00:01:59.519><c> pure</c><00:02:00.519><c> words.</c>

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The<00:02:02.400><c> word</c><00:02:02.640><c> for</c><00:02:02.900><c> pure</c><00:02:03.140><c> there</c><00:02:03.420><c> is</c><00:02:03.620><c> the</c><00:02:03.739><c> idea</c><00:02:04.019><c> of</c><00:02:04.359><c> clean.</c>

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These<00:02:06.480><c> are</c><00:02:06.799><c> words</c><00:02:07.420><c> which</c><00:02:08.259><c> are</c><00:02:09.159><c> clean</c><00:02:09.620><c> words.</c>

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They<00:02:10.319><c> are</c><00:02:10.639><c> pure</c><00:02:11.139><c> words.</c>

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As<00:02:12.580><c> silver</c><00:02:12.979><c> tried</c><00:02:13.599><c> in</c><00:02:13.840><c> a</c><00:02:14.020><c> furnace</c><00:02:14.300><c> of</c><00:02:14.659><c> fire,</c><00:02:15.460><c> the</c><00:02:15.560><c> word</c><00:02:15.900><c> tried</c>

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is<00:02:16.680><c> often</c><00:02:17.039><c> translated</c><00:02:17.580><c> pure</c><00:02:18.159><c> as</c><00:02:18.599><c> well.</c>

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But<00:02:19.560><c> here</c><00:02:19.740><c> we</c><00:02:19.879><c> now</c><00:02:20.159><c> have</c><00:02:20.360><c> the</c><00:02:20.500><c> idea</c><00:02:20.780><c> of</c><00:02:21.080><c> refinement,</c><00:02:21.900><c> of</c><00:02:22.099><c> purity</c><00:02:22.419><c> in</c>

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that<00:02:23.000><c> sense.</c>

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A<00:02:24.719><c> different</c><00:02:25.080><c> Hebrew</c><00:02:25.460><c> word.</c>

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And<00:02:26.479><c> so</c><00:02:26.680><c> in</c><00:02:26.879><c> the</c><00:02:27.080><c> King</c><00:02:27.300><c> James</c><00:02:27.520><c> Version</c><00:02:27.840><c> in</c><00:02:28.080><c> this</c><00:02:28.319><c> place,</c><00:02:28.599><c> they</c>

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decided<00:02:29.240><c> to</c><00:02:29.599><c> translate</c><00:02:29.840><c> it</c><00:02:30.180><c> try</c><00:02:30.539><c> to</c><00:02:31.300><c> distinguish</c>

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from<00:02:32.979><c> the</c><00:02:33.219><c> earlier</c><00:02:33.319><c> one</c><00:02:33.319><c> in</c><00:02:33.520><c> verse</c><00:02:33.780><c> 6,</c><00:02:36.259><c> which</c><00:02:36.400><c> is</c><00:02:36.599><c> a</c><00:02:36.759><c> different</c><00:02:37.000><c> idea.</c>

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And<00:02:38.400><c> then</c><00:02:38.560><c> we</c><00:02:38.699><c> have</c><00:02:39.400><c> purified</c><00:02:40.460><c> seven</c><00:02:40.840><c> times.</c>

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Yet<00:02:41.780><c> another</c><00:02:42.120><c> word</c><00:02:42.400><c> is</c><00:02:42.699><c> used.</c>

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The<00:02:43.199><c> idea</c><00:02:43.439><c> of</c><00:02:43.759><c> straining.</c>

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So<00:02:45.740><c> we've</c><00:02:45.819><c> got</c><00:02:45.919><c> all</c><00:02:46.159><c> these</c><00:02:46.460><c> ideas</c><00:02:46.979><c> which</c><00:02:47.319><c> are</c><00:02:47.560><c> given</c><00:02:47.780><c> to</c><00:02:48.020><c> us</c><00:02:48.240><c> in</c>

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this<00:02:49.120><c> first</c><00:02:49.500><c> verse.</c>

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The<00:02:50.960><c> idea</c><00:02:51.340><c> of</c><00:02:52.139><c> cleaning,</c><00:02:52.939><c> of</c><00:02:53.120><c> cleansing,</c><00:02:54.120><c> the</c><00:02:54.259><c> idea</c><00:02:54.539><c> of</c><00:02:54.819><c> trying</c><00:02:55.159><c> or</c>

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refining,<00:02:56.340><c> and</c><00:02:56.539><c> then</c><00:02:56.740><c> also</c><00:02:57.000><c> the</c><00:02:57.099><c> idea</c>

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of<00:02:57.840><c> straining.</c>

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Seven<00:02:59.500><c> times.</c>

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And<00:03:01.039><c> of</c><00:03:01.219><c> course</c><00:03:01.400><c> that's</c><00:03:01.800><c> a</c><00:03:01.919><c> figure</c><00:03:02.319><c> to</c><00:03:02.740><c> indicate</c><00:03:03.259><c> to</c><00:03:03.500><c> us</c><00:03:03.719><c> that</c>

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these<00:03:04.219><c> words</c><00:03:04.520><c> are</c><00:03:04.819><c> well</c><00:03:05.219><c> tested,</c><00:03:05.719><c> they</c>

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are<00:03:06.379><c> true,</c><00:03:07.020><c> and</c><00:03:07.120><c> they</c><00:03:07.340><c> are</c><00:03:07.680><c> reliable.</c>

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Seven<00:03:08.939><c> being</c><00:03:09.240><c> a</c><00:03:09.319><c> number</c><00:03:09.699><c> of</c><00:03:10.340><c> completion.</c>

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Thou<00:03:13.680><c> shalt</c><00:03:14.039><c> keep</c><00:03:14.360><c> them,</c><00:03:14.719><c> we</c><00:03:14.860><c> are</c><00:03:15.080><c> told,</c><00:03:15.479><c> O</c><00:03:15.719><c> Lord,</c><00:03:16.000><c> thou</c><00:03:16.199><c> shalt</c>

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preserve<00:03:17.060><c> them</c><00:03:17.340><c> from</c><00:03:17.580><c> this</c><00:03:17.919><c> generation</c>

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forever.

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We<00:03:20.599><c> can</c><00:03:20.800><c> read</c><00:03:21.000><c> that</c><00:03:21.379><c> there</c><00:03:21.719><c> and</c><00:03:22.099><c> rejoice</c><00:03:22.639><c> in</c><00:03:22.900><c> the</c><00:03:23.199><c> preservation</c><00:03:23.819><c> that</c><00:03:24.240><c> God</c>

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has<00:03:25.879><c> provided</c><00:03:26.479><c> for</c><00:03:26.919><c> the</c>

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word<00:03:27.219><c> of</c><00:03:27.479><c> God</c><00:03:27.759><c> over</c><00:03:28.319><c> time</c><00:03:28.659><c> and</c><00:03:28.900><c> the</c><00:03:29.259><c> evidence</c><00:03:29.800><c> that</c><00:03:30.060><c> he</c><00:03:30.259><c> has</c>

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supplied<00:03:30.939><c> through</c><00:03:31.599><c> different</c><00:03:32.120><c> means</c><00:03:32.560><c> that</c>

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in<00:03:33.159><c> fact</c><00:03:33.460><c> this</c><00:03:34.300><c> word</c><00:03:34.680><c> has</c><00:03:35.099><c> been</c><00:03:35.439><c> preserved.</c>

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That<00:03:36.599><c> we</c><00:03:36.800><c> can</c><00:03:37.180><c> know</c><00:03:37.900><c> that</c><00:03:38.460><c> it</c><00:03:38.680><c> is</c><00:03:38.960><c> in</c><00:03:39.240><c> fact</c><00:03:39.719><c> the</c><00:03:40.599><c> word</c><00:03:40.719><c> of</c><00:03:41.020><c> God.</c>

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It's<00:03:43.740><c> interesting</c><00:03:44.300><c> to</c><00:03:44.599><c> note,</c><00:03:44.759><c> and</c><00:03:44.879><c> this</c><00:03:45.080><c> is</c><00:03:45.280><c> one</c><00:03:45.400><c> of</c><00:03:45.500><c> the</c><00:03:45.580><c> reasons</c><00:03:45.979><c> why</c>

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we've<00:03:46.659><c> chosen</c><00:03:46.960><c> this</c><00:03:47.240><c> particular</c>

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scripture.

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If<00:03:48.419><c> some</c><00:03:48.580><c> of</c><00:03:48.699><c> you</c><00:03:48.840><c> are</c><00:03:49.000><c> looking</c><00:03:49.219><c> at</c><00:03:49.479><c> different</c><00:03:49.780><c> versions,</c><00:03:50.879><c> you're</c><00:03:51.099><c> wondering</c><00:03:51.479><c> maybe</c><00:03:52.120><c> what</c><00:03:53.240><c> I'm</c>

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talking<00:03:53.800><c> about</c>

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when<00:03:54.319><c> I</c><00:03:54.599><c> emphasize</c><00:03:55.099><c> it</c><00:03:55.520><c> that</c><00:03:55.800><c> way.</c>

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Because<00:03:56.960><c> when</c><00:03:57.879><c> we</c><00:03:58.159><c> compare</c><00:03:58.599><c> the</c><00:03:59.960><c> King</c><00:04:00.199><c> James</c><00:04:00.479><c> Version</c><00:04:00.919><c> with</c>

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the<00:04:01.439><c> NIV,</c><00:04:03.000><c> in</c><00:04:03.240><c> this</c><00:04:03.460><c> particular</c><00:04:04.039><c> case,</c><00:04:05.039><c> we</c>

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find<00:04:05.580><c> that</c><00:04:05.860><c> the</c><00:04:06.199><c> sense</c><00:04:06.639><c> is</c><00:04:07.180><c> given</c><00:04:07.699><c> differently</c><00:04:08.240><c> in</c><00:04:09.120><c> the</c><00:04:09.860><c> NIV.</c>

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It<00:04:11.659><c> says</c><00:04:11.900><c> the</c><00:04:12.039><c> words</c><00:04:12.460><c> of</c><00:04:12.659><c> the</c><00:04:12.819><c> Lord</c><00:04:12.960><c> are</c><00:04:13.259><c> flawless,</c><00:04:14.120><c> like</c><00:04:14.500><c> silver</c><00:04:14.919><c> refined</c><00:04:15.419><c> in</c><00:04:15.580><c> a</c>

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furnace<00:04:15.979><c> of</c><00:04:16.279><c> clay</c><00:04:16.699><c> purified</c>

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seven<00:04:18.180><c> times.</c>

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Then<00:04:20.540><c> it</c><00:04:20.620><c> goes</c><00:04:20.879><c> on</c><00:04:21.160><c> to</c><00:04:21.319><c> say,</c><00:04:21.600><c> O</c><00:04:21.720><c> Lord,</c><00:04:22.120><c> you</c><00:04:22.279><c> will</c><00:04:22.540><c> keep</c><00:04:22.779><c> us</c><00:04:23.220><c> safe</c>

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and<00:04:24.939><c> protect</c><00:04:25.420><c> us</c><00:04:26.439><c> from</c><00:04:26.819><c> such</c><00:04:27.199><c> people</c><00:04:27.759><c> forever.</c>

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If<00:04:29.759><c> you</c><00:04:29.879><c> were</c><00:04:30.180><c> to</c><00:04:30.180><c> read</c><00:04:30.540><c> through</c><00:04:31.800><c> the</c><00:04:32.240><c> psalm,</c><00:04:32.680><c> you</c><00:04:32.699><c> would</c><00:04:33.000><c> see</c>

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that<00:04:34.240><c> that</c><00:04:34.459><c> is</c><00:04:34.600><c> another</c><00:04:34.959><c> possible</c><00:04:35.620><c> way</c>

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of<00:04:37.399><c> translating</c><00:04:38.100><c> that</c><00:04:38.439><c> particular</c><00:04:39.160><c> section.</c>

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Many<00:04:40.779><c> of</c><00:04:40.920><c> us</c><00:04:41.379><c> who</c><00:04:42.379><c> have</c><00:04:42.680><c> grown</c><00:04:42.899><c> up</c><00:04:43.160><c> with</c><00:04:43.360><c> the</c><00:04:43.540><c> King</c><00:04:43.759><c> James</c><00:04:44.019><c> Version</c><00:04:44.420><c> will</c>

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have<00:04:44.800><c> a</c><00:04:44.980><c> natural</c><00:04:45.360><c> inclination</c>

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to<00:04:46.800><c> want</c><00:04:47.000><c> to</c><00:04:47.259><c> stay</c><00:04:47.439><c> with</c><00:04:47.680><c> that,</c><00:04:47.980><c> but</c><00:04:48.319><c> there</c><00:04:48.600><c> are</c><00:04:48.879><c> some</c><00:04:49.199><c> difficulties</c><00:04:49.740><c> and</c>

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challenges<00:04:50.740><c> from</c><00:04:51.220><c> time</c>

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to<00:04:51.680><c> time</c><00:04:52.259><c> in</c><00:04:52.939><c> translating</c><00:04:53.500><c> from</c><00:04:53.899><c> the</c><00:04:54.180><c> Hebrew</c><00:04:54.800><c> and</c><00:04:55.959><c> deciding</c>

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just<00:04:57.079><c> exactly</c><00:04:57.519><c> how</c><00:04:57.839><c> it</c><00:04:58.019><c> will</c><00:04:58.220><c> go</c><00:04:58.439><c> together.</c>

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And<00:04:59.459><c> here</c><00:04:59.620><c> is</c><00:04:59.839><c> a</c><00:05:00.019><c> classic</c><00:05:00.339><c> case.</c>

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I<00:05:01.560><c> don't</c><00:05:01.699><c> want</c><00:05:01.779><c> you</c><00:05:01.959><c> to</c><00:05:02.100><c> think</c><00:05:02.240><c> that</c><00:05:02.420><c> this</c><00:05:02.639><c> is</c><00:05:02.800><c> all</c><00:05:02.980><c> over</c><00:05:03.220><c> the</c>

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place,<00:05:03.920><c> but</c><00:05:04.399><c> there</c><00:05:04.680><c> are</c><00:05:04.959><c> cases.</c>

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And<00:05:06.740><c> it's</c><00:05:07.160><c> good</c><00:05:07.459><c> when</c><00:05:07.720><c> we're</c><00:05:07.939><c> doing</c><00:05:08.100><c> an</c><00:05:08.360><c> in</c><00:05:08.459><c>-depth</c><00:05:08.660><c> study</c><00:05:08.959><c> or</c><00:05:09.180><c> a</c>

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verse<00:05:09.459><c>-by</c><00:05:09.720><c>-verse</c><00:05:09.879><c> study</c><00:05:10.240><c> to</c><00:05:10.399><c> be</c><00:05:10.660><c> aware</c>

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of<00:05:11.339><c> them</c><00:05:11.339><c> so</c><00:05:11.579><c> we</c><00:05:11.740><c> can</c><00:05:11.959><c> look</c><00:05:12.279><c> at</c><00:05:12.779><c> the</c><00:05:13.040><c> alternatives</c><00:05:13.560><c> comparing</c>

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one<00:05:14.519><c> with</c><00:05:14.759><c> another.</c>

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And<00:05:16.759><c> certainly,</c><00:05:17.759><c> in</c><00:05:17.759><c> either</c><00:05:18.100><c> case,</c><00:05:20.100><c> we've</c><00:05:20.300><c> got</c><00:05:20.600><c> truth,</c><00:05:22.019><c> and</c>

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in<00:05:22.360><c> either</c><00:05:22.839><c> case,</c><00:05:23.240><c> we</c><00:05:23.319><c> have</c><00:05:23.620><c> things</c>

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which<00:05:24.279><c> are</c><00:05:24.620><c> well</c><00:05:24.980><c> supported</c><00:05:25.560><c> in</c><00:05:25.819><c> other</c><00:05:26.220><c> scriptures.</c>

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And<00:05:27.959><c> that's</c><00:05:28.300><c> really</c><00:05:28.639><c> the</c><00:05:28.759><c> end</c><00:05:28.939><c> of</c><00:05:29.120><c> it</c><00:05:29.240><c> all,</c><00:05:29.420><c> as</c><00:05:29.639><c> we've</c><00:05:30.060><c> mentioned,</c><00:05:30.920><c> with</c>

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the<00:05:31.579><c> differences</c><00:05:32.040><c> that</c><00:05:32.259><c> are</c><00:05:32.519><c> there</c>

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in<00:05:32.959><c> the</c><00:05:33.160><c> Hebrew</c><00:05:33.680><c> and</c><00:05:34.139><c> in</c><00:05:34.360><c> the</c><00:05:34.639><c> Greek.</c>

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In<00:05:36.220><c> the</c><00:05:36.439><c> end,</c><00:05:37.360><c> there</c><00:05:37.360><c> is</c><00:05:37.519><c> nothing</c><00:05:37.939><c> new</c><00:05:38.579><c> that</c><00:05:38.959><c> would</c><00:05:39.160><c> really</c><00:05:39.519><c> come</c><00:05:39.839><c> to</c>

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us<00:05:41.060><c> in</c><00:05:41.519><c> relation</c><00:05:42.100><c> to</c><00:05:42.500><c> truth</c><00:05:42.839><c> and</c>

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fundamental<00:05:43.620><c> doctrine</c><00:05:44.279><c> from</c><00:05:44.920><c> these</c><00:05:45.220><c> differences.</c>

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As<00:05:46.839><c> we</c><00:05:47.079><c> noted</c><00:05:47.300><c> in</c><00:05:47.500><c> the</c><00:05:47.639><c> previous</c><00:05:48.000><c> session,</c><00:05:48.939><c> there's</c><00:05:49.160><c> been</c><00:05:49.379><c> this</c><00:05:49.680><c> tremendous</c><00:05:50.980><c> wealth</c><00:05:51.740><c> of</c><00:05:52.060><c> information.</c>

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There's<00:05:53.100><c> been</c><00:05:53.339><c> this</c><00:05:55.759><c> preserving</c><00:05:56.620><c> over</c><00:05:57.399><c> the</c><00:05:57.720><c> years,</c><00:05:58.399><c> and</c><00:05:58.560><c> the</c>

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differences<00:05:59.279><c> that</c><00:05:59.839><c> really</c><00:06:00.199><c> amount</c><00:06:00.560><c> over</c>

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many,<00:06:01.540><c> many</c><00:06:02.000><c> manuscripts</c><00:06:02.439><c> are</c><00:06:02.800><c> small</c><00:06:03.259><c> indeed</c><00:06:03.800><c> in</c><00:06:04.040><c> relation</c>

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to<00:06:05.220><c> all</c><00:06:05.459><c> the</c><00:06:05.720><c> manuscripts</c><00:06:06.160><c> that</c><00:06:06.420><c> we</c><00:06:06.660><c> have,</c>

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at<00:06:07.660><c> least</c><00:06:07.939><c> in</c><00:06:08.079><c> terms</c><00:06:08.379><c> of</c><00:06:08.540><c> significant</c><00:06:09.100><c> details.</c>

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For<00:06:12.360><c> example,</c><00:06:13.439><c> thou</c><00:06:13.519><c> shalt</c><00:06:13.800><c> preserve</c><00:06:14.279><c> them</c><00:06:14.920><c> from</c><00:06:15.439><c> this</c><00:06:15.699><c> generation</c><00:06:16.360><c> forever,</c><00:06:17.379><c> speaking</c><00:06:17.740><c> about</c><00:06:18.139><c> the</c>

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word<00:06:18.620><c> of</c><00:06:18.800><c> the</c><00:06:19.019><c> Lord</c><00:06:19.519><c> and</c><00:06:20.220><c> how</c><00:06:20.480><c> that</c><00:06:20.779><c> word</c><00:06:21.040><c> would</c><00:06:21.220><c> go</c><00:06:21.500><c> on.</c>

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We<00:06:21.879><c> can</c><00:06:22.060><c> think</c><00:06:22.240><c> of</c><00:06:22.439><c> other</c><00:06:22.639><c> words,</c><00:06:23.240><c> and</c><00:06:23.379><c> many</c><00:06:23.620><c> might</c><00:06:23.839><c> come</c><00:06:24.079><c> to</c><00:06:24.240><c> your</c><00:06:24.560><c> mind,</c><00:06:24.779><c> but</c><00:06:24.939><c> I</c>

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think<00:06:25.319><c> of</c><00:06:25.660><c> the</c><00:06:26.339><c> passage</c>

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in<00:06:26.800><c> Isaiah</c><00:06:27.379><c> that's</c><00:06:27.800><c> quoted</c><00:06:28.220><c> in</c><00:06:28.800><c> Peter,</c><00:06:29.560><c> the</c><00:06:29.699><c> word</c><00:06:30.000><c> of</c><00:06:30.139><c> the</c>

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Lord<00:06:31.040><c> abides</c><00:06:31.899><c> forever.</c>

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The<00:06:33.879><c> word</c><00:06:34.100><c> of</c><00:06:34.279><c> the</c><00:06:34.480><c> Lord</c><00:06:34.839><c> abides</c><00:06:35.680><c> forever.</c>

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It<00:06:37.000><c> is</c><00:06:37.420><c> preserved,</c><00:06:38.379><c> and</c><00:06:38.600><c> we</c><00:06:38.779><c> can</c><00:06:39.079><c> see</c><00:06:39.379><c> in</c><00:06:39.560><c> a</c><00:06:39.740><c> wondrous</c><00:06:40.100><c> way</c><00:06:40.420><c> how</c>

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God<00:06:41.019><c> has</c><00:06:41.439><c> preserved</c><00:06:41.819><c> it</c><00:06:42.120><c> for</c><00:06:42.279><c> us</c><00:06:42.899><c> to</c><00:06:43.160><c> this</c><00:06:43.459><c> day.</c>

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Now<00:06:45.480><c> we're</c><00:06:45.639><c> going</c><00:06:45.819><c> to</c><00:06:46.079><c> look,</c><00:06:46.639><c> in</c><00:06:46.899><c> our</c><00:06:47.180><c> next</c><00:06:47.459><c> section,</c><00:06:48.300><c> at</c><00:06:48.459><c> the</c>

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transmission<00:06:50.519><c> of</c><00:06:51.600><c> the</c><00:06:51.879><c> scriptures.</c>

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There<00:06:53.720><c> are</c><00:06:53.920><c> many,</c><00:06:54.220><c> many</c><00:06:54.519><c> things</c><00:06:54.800><c> that</c><00:06:55.000><c> we</c><00:06:55.060><c> could</c><00:06:55.279><c> look</c><00:06:55.579><c> at</c><00:06:55.959><c> again,</c><00:06:56.759><c> and</c>

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we<00:06:57.019><c> can</c><00:06:57.199><c> only</c><00:06:57.519><c> highlight</c><00:06:58.259><c> a</c><00:06:58.699><c> few.</c>

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We're<00:06:59.139><c> going</c><00:06:59.279><c> to</c><00:06:59.459><c> take</c><00:06:59.639><c> a</c><00:06:59.819><c> particular</c><00:07:00.279><c> look</c><00:07:00.660><c> at</c><00:07:01.199><c> the</c><00:07:01.480><c> Masorites</c><00:07:02.560><c> and</c><00:07:03.399><c> some</c>

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of<00:07:03.939><c> the</c><00:07:04.079><c> work</c><00:07:04.360><c> that</c><00:07:04.579><c> they</c><00:07:04.839><c> did,</c>

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and<00:07:06.939><c> discuss</c><00:07:07.259><c> some</c><00:07:07.500><c> of</c><00:07:07.660><c> the</c><00:07:07.839><c> issues</c><00:07:08.199><c> that</c><00:07:08.439><c> are</c><00:07:08.660><c> there</c><00:07:08.879><c> in</c><00:07:09.139><c> relation</c><00:07:09.639><c> to</c>

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the<00:07:10.339><c> transmission</c><00:07:11.079><c> of</c><00:07:11.879><c> the</c><00:07:12.100><c> scriptures.</c>

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Sometimes<00:07:14.220><c> we</c><00:07:14.500><c> do</c><00:07:14.879><c> see</c><00:07:15.139><c> things</c><00:07:15.480><c> which</c><00:07:15.699><c> are</c><00:07:15.899><c> quite</c><00:07:16.220><c> different,</c>

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and<00:07:16.939><c> we</c><00:07:17.100><c> wonder</c><00:07:17.399><c> why</c><00:07:17.839><c> they</c><00:07:18.060><c> are</c><00:07:18.199><c> different.</c>

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There<00:07:19.680><c> are</c><00:07:20.040><c> explanations</c><00:07:20.680><c> for</c><00:07:21.180><c> these.</c>

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For<00:07:21.779><c> example,</c><00:07:22.860><c> one</c><00:07:23.079><c> version</c><00:07:23.480><c> might</c><00:07:23.740><c> be</c><00:07:23.980><c> saying</c><00:07:24.180><c> this,</c><00:07:24.600><c> and</c><00:07:24.740><c> another</c><00:07:25.019><c> version</c><00:07:25.360><c> might</c><00:07:25.579><c> be</c>

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saying<00:07:26.040><c> this.</c>

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Well,<00:07:26.560><c> why</c><00:07:26.819><c> is</c><00:07:27.160><c> that?</c>

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How<00:07:27.500><c> can</c><00:07:27.660><c> they</c><00:07:27.779><c> be</c><00:07:27.980><c> so</c><00:07:28.279><c> different?</c>

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Well,<00:07:29.860><c> sometimes</c><00:07:30.279><c> we</c><00:07:30.459><c> find</c><00:07:30.800><c> that</c><00:07:31.040><c> in</c><00:07:31.680><c> the</c><00:07:31.860><c> Hebrew</c><00:07:32.240><c> the</c><00:07:32.740><c> difference</c><00:07:33.040><c> is</c>

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very<00:07:33.519><c> small</c><00:07:33.939><c> indeed,</c>

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and<00:07:34.480><c> we</c><00:07:34.620><c> can</c><00:07:34.819><c> understand</c><00:07:35.279><c> why</c><00:07:36.259><c> the</c><00:07:36.660><c> difference</c><00:07:36.980><c> is</c><00:07:37.339><c> there,</c><00:07:37.980><c> and</c><00:07:38.199><c> that</c><00:07:38.399><c> will</c><00:07:38.579><c> make</c><00:07:38.740><c> us,</c><00:07:39.040><c> I</c><00:07:39.220><c> think,</c>

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more<00:07:39.720><c> comfortable</c><00:07:40.360><c> with</c><00:07:40.779><c> the</c><00:07:41.000><c> things</c><00:07:41.160><c> that</c><00:07:41.379><c> we</c><00:07:41.639><c> see,</c><00:07:42.399><c> along</c>

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with<00:07:42.920><c> to</c><00:07:43.139><c> note</c><00:07:43.399><c> that,</c><00:07:43.879><c> again,</c>

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these<00:07:45.279><c> differences,</c><00:07:45.920><c> these</c><00:07:46.079><c> significant</c><00:07:46.639><c> differences,</c><00:07:47.300><c> are</c>

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far<00:07:48.019><c> and</c><00:07:48.240><c> few</c><00:07:48.420><c> between.</c>

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So<00:07:50.319><c> we</c><00:07:50.459><c> start</c><00:07:50.720><c> with</c><00:07:50.959><c> the</c><00:07:51.279><c> Masorites,</c><00:07:52.060><c> which</c><00:07:52.319><c> operated</c><00:07:52.800><c> in</c><00:07:53.019><c> this</c><00:07:53.259><c> period,</c><00:07:53.660><c> 500</c>

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to<00:07:54.500><c> 1000</c><00:07:55.060><c> A</c><00:07:55.420><c>.D.,</c>

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and<00:07:56.699><c> we</c><00:07:56.839><c> note</c><00:07:57.040><c> that</c><00:07:57.519><c> they</c><00:07:58.379><c> put</c><00:07:59.500><c> together</c><00:07:59.920><c> the</c><00:08:00.100><c> Mesorah,</c><00:08:00.660><c> which</c>

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is<00:08:01.100><c> the</c><00:08:01.300><c> oral</c><00:08:01.560><c> traditions</c><00:08:02.120><c> concerning</c><00:08:02.660><c> the</c><00:08:03.000><c> text.</c>

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It<00:08:03.959><c> was</c><00:08:04.180><c> an</c><00:08:04.439><c> exhaustive</c><00:08:05.399><c> written</c><00:08:05.839><c> textual</c><00:08:06.519><c> examination,</c><00:08:07.819><c> and</c>

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there<00:08:08.079><c> were</c><00:08:08.180><c> lots</c><00:08:08.439><c> of</c><00:08:08.779><c> notes</c>

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and<00:08:10.000><c> things</c><00:08:10.319><c> which</c><00:08:10.540><c> were</c><00:08:10.819><c> written</c><00:08:11.060><c> there</c><00:08:12.120><c> that</c><00:08:12.639><c> related</c><00:08:13.120><c> to</c>

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the<00:08:13.660><c> text,</c><00:08:14.000><c> and</c><00:08:14.160><c> we</c><00:08:14.319><c> read</c><00:08:14.519><c> here,</c>

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that<00:08:14.899><c> it</c><00:08:14.899><c> was</c><00:08:15.060><c> an</c><00:08:15.259><c> elaborate</c><00:08:15.759><c> system</c><00:08:16.259><c> of</c><00:08:16.579><c> rules</c><00:08:17.579><c> and</c><00:08:17.980><c> annotations</c><00:08:18.800><c> intended</c>

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to<00:08:19.660><c> secure</c><00:08:20.019><c> the</c><00:08:20.379><c> exact</c>

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transmission<00:08:21.959><c> of</c><00:08:22.180><c> the</c><00:08:22.420><c> text</c><00:08:22.699><c> before</c><00:08:23.240><c> them</c><00:08:23.519><c> in</c><00:08:23.639><c> the</c><00:08:23.959><c> smallest</c>

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particulars<00:08:25.699><c> to</c><00:08:26.040><c> preserve</c><00:08:26.500><c> from</c><00:08:26.740><c> corruption</c>

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every<00:08:27.639><c> jot</c><00:08:27.839><c> and</c><00:08:28.120><c> tittle</c><00:08:28.300><c> of</c><00:08:28.500><c> the</c><00:08:28.699><c> scriptures.</c>

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That<00:08:30.399><c> was</c><00:08:30.680><c> their</c><00:08:30.879><c> purpose,</c><00:08:32.340><c> corrections</c><00:08:33.100><c> of</c><00:08:33.580><c> mistakes</c><00:08:34.159><c> and</c>

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guesses<00:08:34.759><c> about</c><00:08:35.159><c> doubtful</c><00:08:35.659><c> readings,</c>

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which,<00:08:36.379><c> however,</c><00:08:36.720><c> they</c><00:08:36.980><c> did</c><00:08:37.200><c> not</c><00:08:37.399><c> venture</c><00:08:37.700><c> to</c><00:08:37.919><c> meddle</c><00:08:38.120><c> with</c>

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in<00:08:38.480><c> the</c><00:08:38.639><c> text</c><00:08:38.840><c> itself,</c>

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but<00:08:40.039><c> only</c><00:08:40.299><c> recorded</c><00:08:40.779><c> in</c><00:08:40.960><c> the</c><00:08:41.139><c> margin</c><00:08:41.460><c> of</c><00:08:41.659><c> the</c><00:08:41.879><c> manuscript.</c>

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So<00:08:43.940><c> this</c><00:08:44.299><c> is</c><00:08:44.500><c> what</c><00:08:44.700><c> we</c><00:08:45.039><c> have</c><00:08:45.480><c> for</c><00:08:45.879><c> this</c><00:08:46.059><c> particular</c><00:08:46.600><c> group</c><00:08:46.860><c> of</c><00:08:47.179><c> people.</c>

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We<00:08:48.840><c> have</c><00:08:49.039><c> an</c><00:08:49.279><c> example</c><00:08:49.759><c> for</c><00:08:50.159><c> you,</c><00:08:51.820><c> and</c><00:08:51.980><c> according</c><00:08:52.299><c> to</c><00:08:52.539><c> this</c>

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particular<00:08:53.820><c> example,</c>

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which<00:08:55.860><c> illustrates</c><00:08:56.379><c> the</c><00:08:56.700><c> kind</c><00:08:57.179><c> of</c><00:08:57.480><c> numbering</c><00:08:58.139><c> systems</c><00:08:58.600><c> that</c>

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were<00:08:59.179><c> in</c><00:08:59.460><c> place,</c>

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we<00:09:00.940><c> have</c><00:09:01.559><c> the</c><00:09:02.179><c> middle</c><00:09:02.720><c> letter</c><00:09:03.340><c> of</c><00:09:04.039><c> the</c><00:09:04.240><c> Pentateuch,</c><00:09:04.960><c> and</c><00:09:05.080><c> we</c>

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have<00:09:05.960><c> the</c><00:09:06.480><c> middle</c><00:09:06.679><c> of</c><00:09:06.879><c> all</c><00:09:07.039><c> the</c><00:09:07.240><c> words</c><00:09:07.600><c> in</c><00:09:07.799><c> the</c><00:09:07.980><c> Pentateuch,</c>

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and<00:09:08.860><c> we</c><00:09:09.080><c> have</c><00:09:09.220><c> the</c><00:09:09.440><c> middle</c><00:09:09.679><c> verse</c><00:09:10.120><c> in</c><00:09:10.399><c> the</c><00:09:10.580><c> Pentateuch.</c>

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And<00:09:11.580><c> here</c><00:09:12.080><c> they</c><00:09:12.320><c> are,</c><00:09:13.120><c> and</c><00:09:13.279><c> they're</c><00:09:13.480><c> not</c><00:09:13.860><c> on</c><00:09:14.159><c> your</c><00:09:14.559><c> copy.</c>

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I<00:09:14.980><c> thought</c><00:09:15.259><c> maybe</c><00:09:15.500><c> you</c><00:09:15.600><c> could</c><00:09:15.759><c> get</c><00:09:15.879><c> a</c><00:09:15.980><c> little</c><00:09:16.159><c> practice</c><00:09:16.539><c> in</c><00:09:16.799><c> Hebrew,</c>

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and<00:09:18.120><c> you</c><00:09:18.179><c> could</c><00:09:18.379><c> take</c><00:09:18.539><c> out</c><00:09:18.740><c> your</c><00:09:19.960><c> pen,</c><00:09:20.299><c> as</c><00:09:20.440><c> I</c><00:09:20.659><c> had</c><00:09:20.840><c> to</c><00:09:21.019><c> do</c><00:09:21.139><c> on</c>

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this<00:09:21.500><c> particular</c><00:09:21.960><c> overhead,</c>

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just<00:09:22.679><c> to</c><00:09:22.899><c> add</c><00:09:23.080><c> in</c><00:09:23.279><c> those</c><00:09:23.580><c> letters,</c><00:09:24.919><c> and</c><00:09:25.519><c> there</c><00:09:26.120><c> we</c><00:09:26.379><c> have,</c><00:09:26.600><c> for</c><00:09:26.840><c> example,</c>

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the<00:09:27.519><c> middle</c><00:09:27.720><c> of</c><00:09:27.919><c> all</c><00:09:28.299><c> the</c><00:09:28.440><c> letters</c><00:09:28.620><c> of</c><00:09:28.779><c> the</c><00:09:28.940><c> Pentateuch</c><00:09:29.379><c> in</c>

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Leviticus<00:09:30.279><c> 11,</c><00:09:30.899><c> 42,</c>

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and<00:09:34.659><c> the</c><00:09:35.080><c> middle</c><00:09:35.480><c> words,</c><00:09:36.500><c> Moses</c><00:09:37.139><c> diligently</c><00:09:38.279><c> sought,</c>

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and<00:09:40.480><c> also</c><00:09:40.879><c> the</c><00:09:41.059><c> middle</c><00:09:41.259><c> verse,</c><00:09:41.799><c> Leviticus</c><00:09:42.240><c> 8a.</c>

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There<00:09:43.019><c> is</c><00:09:43.299><c> a</c><00:09:43.519><c> quote</c><00:09:43.740><c> that's</c><00:09:44.639><c> famously</c><00:09:45.039><c> quoted</c><00:09:45.480><c> along</c><00:09:45.820><c> with</c><00:09:46.100><c> this,</c>

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that<00:09:46.600><c> everything</c><00:09:47.080><c> countable</c><00:09:48.000><c> seems</c><00:09:48.559><c> to</c><00:09:48.940><c> have</c><00:09:49.139><c> been</c><00:09:49.539><c> counted,</c>

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and<00:09:51.340><c> reviewing</c><00:09:51.919><c> and</c><00:09:52.419><c> checking</c><00:09:52.720><c> and</c><00:09:53.100><c> testing</c><00:09:53.440><c> to</c><00:09:53.759><c> make</c><00:09:54.059><c> sure</c>

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things<00:09:54.740><c> were</c><00:09:55.039><c> preserved</c><00:09:55.700><c> was</c><00:09:56.879><c> part</c><00:09:57.379><c> of</c><00:09:57.860><c> their</c><00:09:58.159><c> work.</c>

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And<00:09:59.580><c> there</c><00:09:59.759><c> were</c><00:09:59.899><c> mistakes</c><00:10:00.419><c> made</c><00:10:00.840><c> when</c><00:10:00.980><c> you</c><00:10:01.279><c> copy</c><00:10:01.580><c> large</c><00:10:02.039><c> sections</c><00:10:02.620><c> of</c>

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documents<00:10:03.799><c> that's</c><00:10:04.379><c> only</c><00:10:04.659><c> to</c><00:10:04.879><c> be</c><00:10:05.179><c> expected,</c>

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and<00:10:06.259><c> many</c><00:10:06.480><c> of</c><00:10:06.600><c> us</c><00:10:06.720><c> will</c><00:10:06.940><c> know</c><00:10:07.200><c> that</c><00:10:07.539><c> from</c><00:10:08.299><c> our</c><00:10:08.659><c> workplaces</c><00:10:09.259><c> and</c>

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in<00:10:09.679><c> other</c><00:10:09.899><c> activities</c><00:10:10.320><c> that</c><00:10:10.580><c> we</c><00:10:10.840><c> engage</c><00:10:11.320><c> in.</c>

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I<00:10:12.279><c> certainly</c><00:10:12.519><c> know</c><00:10:12.820><c> that</c><00:10:13.179><c> from</c><00:10:13.679><c> some</c><00:10:13.940><c> of</c><00:10:14.059><c> the</c><00:10:14.220><c> reports</c><00:10:14.620><c> that</c>

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we<00:10:15.100><c> work</c><00:10:15.299><c> with</c><00:10:15.500><c> and</c><00:10:15.639><c> some</c><00:10:15.820><c> of</c><00:10:15.960><c> the</c><00:10:16.139><c> surveys</c><00:10:16.500><c> that</c><00:10:16.740><c> we</c><00:10:16.940><c> work</c><00:10:17.159><c> with,</c>

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and<00:10:17.460><c> we</c><00:10:17.600><c> have</c><00:10:17.779><c> people</c><00:10:18.080><c> review</c><00:10:18.639><c> and</c><00:10:18.960><c> review</c><00:10:19.360><c> because</c><00:10:19.799><c> you</c><00:10:20.399><c> want</c>

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to<00:10:20.740><c> make</c><00:10:20.899><c> sure</c><00:10:21.059><c> it's</c><00:10:21.399><c> accurate.</c>

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I<00:10:22.679><c> don't</c><00:10:22.860><c> think</c><00:10:22.919><c> we</c><00:10:23.080><c> ever</c><00:10:23.240><c> go</c><00:10:23.379><c> to</c><00:10:23.600><c> seven</c><00:10:23.919><c> times,</c><00:10:25.100><c> but</c><00:10:25.440><c> we</c><00:10:25.740><c> do</c><00:10:26.200><c> review</c><00:10:26.620><c> once</c><00:10:26.980><c> or</c><00:10:27.240><c> twice.</c>

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It's<00:10:27.779><c> just</c><00:10:27.980><c> an</c><00:10:28.259><c> absolute</c><00:10:28.720><c> necessity</c><00:10:29.320><c> because</c><00:10:29.820><c> mistakes</c><00:10:30.440><c> happen.</c>

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We<00:10:36.340><c> go</c><00:10:36.539><c> on</c><00:10:36.700><c> to</c><00:10:36.940><c> the</c><00:10:37.379><c> next</c><00:10:37.779><c> example.</c>

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It<00:10:40.059><c> tells</c><00:10:40.460><c> us</c><00:10:40.820><c> that</c><00:10:41.419><c> every</c><00:10:42.320><c> letter</c><00:10:42.980><c> in</c><00:10:43.580><c> the</c><00:10:43.820><c> scripture</c><00:10:44.220><c> was</c><00:10:44.960><c> counted,</c>

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and<00:10:46.019><c> this</c><00:10:46.279><c> particular</c><00:10:46.759><c> one</c><00:10:46.980><c> is</c><00:10:47.139><c> the</c><00:10:47.399><c> first,</c><00:10:48.620><c> the</c><00:10:48.720><c> letter</c><00:10:48.899><c> A,</c>

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42<00:10:49.860><c>,377</c><00:10:51.639><c> times,</c>

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and<00:10:53.080><c> there</c><00:10:53.220><c> was</c><00:10:53.399><c> a</c><00:10:53.639><c> poem</c><00:10:54.080><c> that</c><00:10:54.740><c> was</c><00:10:55.059><c> there</c><00:10:55.419><c> to</c><00:10:55.679><c> allow</c><00:10:55.940><c> people</c>

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to<00:10:56.679><c> memorize</c><00:10:57.480><c> this</c><00:10:58.600><c> particular</c><00:10:59.240><c> number.</c>

00:10:59.679 --> 00:11:03.440
We<00:11:00.340><c> were</c><00:11:00.559><c> talking</c><00:11:00.980><c> during</c><00:11:01.360><c> the</c><00:11:01.620><c> break</c><00:11:01.960><c> about</c><00:11:02.600><c> the</c><00:11:02.820><c> other</c><00:11:03.039><c> ways</c>

00:11:03.440 --> 00:11:07.940
in<00:11:03.580><c> which</c><00:11:03.879><c> the</c><00:11:04.120><c> Word</c><00:11:04.320><c> of</c><00:11:04.480><c> God</c><00:11:04.820><c> would</c><00:11:05.100><c> be</c><00:11:06.039><c> communicated</c><00:11:06.759><c> to</c><00:11:07.059><c> the</c><00:11:07.279><c> people,</c>

00:11:08.379 --> 00:11:11.259
because<00:11:08.500><c> again,</c><00:11:09.320><c> having</c><00:11:09.620><c> this</c><00:11:09.980><c> version</c><00:11:10.299><c> in</c><00:11:10.539><c> front</c><00:11:10.720><c> of</c><00:11:10.879><c> us</c><00:11:11.100><c> as</c>

00:11:11.259 --> 00:11:14.440
we<00:11:11.500><c> have</c><00:11:11.639><c> it</c><00:11:11.860><c> so</c><00:11:12.120><c> available</c><00:11:12.559><c> today</c><00:11:13.120><c> is</c><00:11:13.720><c> a</c><00:11:13.919><c> rare</c><00:11:14.139><c> thing.</c>

00:11:14.539 --> 00:11:18.639
If<00:11:14.620><c> we</c><00:11:14.779><c> look</c><00:11:15.019><c> at</c><00:11:15.259><c> the</c><00:11:15.820><c> 6</c><00:11:16.080><c>,000</c><00:11:16.500><c> years</c><00:11:16.820><c> of</c><00:11:17.039><c> history,</c><00:11:18.120><c> Bibles</c><00:11:18.399><c> were</c>

00:11:18.639 --> 00:11:20.440
not<00:11:18.860><c> available</c><00:11:19.299><c> as</c><00:11:19.519><c> they</c><00:11:19.679><c> are</c><00:11:19.980><c> today,</c>

00:11:20.440 --> 00:11:26.799
but<00:11:21.100><c> through</c><00:11:21.679><c> psalms</c><00:11:22.460><c> and</c><00:11:22.779><c> poems</c><00:11:23.399><c> and</c><00:11:23.759><c> songs,</c><00:11:25.879><c> these</c><00:11:26.139><c> words,</c>

00:11:27.240 --> 00:11:29.460
the<00:11:27.399><c> scriptural</c><00:11:27.879><c> words</c><00:11:28.320><c> would</c><00:11:28.519><c> be</c><00:11:28.840><c> communicated,</c>

00:11:29.840 --> 00:11:36.259
and<00:11:30.279><c> in</c><00:11:30.539><c> this</c><00:11:30.759><c> particular</c><00:11:31.320><c> case,</c><00:11:31.820><c> a</c><00:11:32.000><c> poem</c><00:11:32.279><c> was</c><00:11:32.679><c> used</c><00:11:33.279><c> to</c><00:11:34.379><c> memorize</c><00:11:35.299><c> these</c>

00:11:36.259 --> 00:11:37.580
particular<00:11:36.940><c> numbers,</c>

00:11:37.759 --> 00:11:44.139
the<00:11:37.980><c> numbers</c><00:11:38.480><c> of</c><00:11:39.740><c> the</c><00:11:40.039><c> letters</c><00:11:40.600><c> in</c><00:11:41.879><c> the</c><00:11:42.320><c> Hebrew,</c><00:11:43.679><c> and</c><00:11:43.899><c> I</c><00:11:44.000><c> won't</c>

00:11:44.139 --> 00:11:46.240
even<00:11:44.460><c> try</c><00:11:44.799><c> to</c><00:11:44.980><c> read</c><00:11:45.080><c> that</c><00:11:45.379><c> to</c><00:11:45.500><c> you</c><00:11:45.580><c> in</c><00:11:45.679><c> the</c><00:11:45.840><c> Hebrew,</c>

00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:49.240
but<00:11:46.659><c> the</c><00:11:46.879><c> English</c><00:11:47.159><c> correspondent,</c><00:11:48.080><c> the</c><00:11:48.200><c> tabernacle</c><00:11:48.679><c> is</c><00:11:48.899><c> my</c>

00:11:49.240 --> 00:11:52.080
court,<00:11:49.860><c> whither</c><00:11:49.980><c> my</c><00:11:50.299><c> elders</c><00:11:50.659><c> do</c><00:11:50.980><c> resort,</c>

00:11:52.139 --> 00:11:56.960
a,<00:11:52.460><c> m,</c><00:11:52.679><c> b,</c><00:11:52.919><c> s,</c><00:11:53.200><c> h,</c><00:11:53.519><c> h,</c><00:11:53.820><c> and</c><00:11:53.940><c> z,</c><00:11:54.320><c> 42</c><00:11:54.720><c>,377,</c>

00:11:57.039 --> 00:12:00.899
and<00:11:57.340><c> if</c><00:11:57.539><c> the</c><00:11:57.779><c> poem</c><00:11:58.000><c> wasn't</c><00:11:58.379><c> good</c><00:11:58.720><c> enough</c><00:11:58.980><c> to</c><00:11:59.419><c> use</c><00:11:59.679><c> for</c><00:11:59.940><c> memorizing</c><00:12:00.399><c> the</c><00:12:00.639><c> number,</c>

00:12:01.240 --> 00:12:05.820
they<00:12:01.419><c> also</c><00:12:01.779><c> had</c><00:12:02.000><c> two</c><00:12:02.279><c> verses</c><00:12:02.600><c> that</c><00:12:02.840><c> you</c><00:12:02.960><c> could</c><00:12:03.120><c> go</c><00:12:03.440><c> to,</c><00:12:04.139><c> Nehemiah</c><00:12:04.620><c> 766,</c>

00:12:06.100 --> 00:12:09.460
where<00:12:06.279><c> there</c><00:12:06.419><c> was</c><00:12:06.620><c> 42</c><00:12:07.039><c>,360</c><00:12:08.720><c> people,</c>

00:12:09.720 --> 00:12:13.320
and<00:12:09.860><c> Numbers</c><00:12:10.159><c> 717,</c><00:12:11.340><c> where</c><00:12:11.460><c> there</c><00:12:11.600><c> were</c><00:12:11.740><c> 17</c><00:12:12.240><c> animals.</c>

00:12:13.759 --> 00:12:17.440
So<00:12:14.399><c> these</c><00:12:14.899><c> were</c><00:12:15.120><c> the</c><00:12:15.320><c> methods</c><00:12:15.700><c> that</c><00:12:16.000><c> they</c><00:12:16.360><c> employed.</c>

00:12:18.899 --> 00:12:24.720
Now,<00:12:20.299><c> there</c><00:12:20.580><c> were</c><00:12:20.860><c> problems.</c><00:12:21.440><c> As</c><00:12:21.759><c> we</c><00:12:22.080><c> know,</c><00:12:22.779><c> the</c><00:12:23.019><c> Hebrew</c><00:12:23.419><c> alphabet,</c>

00:12:26.220 --> 00:12:29.240
both<00:12:26.460><c> in</c><00:12:26.620><c> its</c><00:12:26.840><c> ancient</c><00:12:27.200><c> and</c><00:12:27.500><c> in</c><00:12:27.659><c> its</c><00:12:27.919><c> present</c><00:12:28.179><c> form,</c><00:12:29.000><c> consists</c>

00:12:29.240 --> 00:12:31.259
of<00:12:29.559><c> consonants</c><00:12:30.179><c> only.</c>

00:12:31.700 --> 00:12:34.639
This<00:12:32.080><c> makes</c><00:12:32.419><c> for</c><00:12:32.720><c> a</c><00:12:32.799><c> big</c><00:12:33.000><c> challenge.</c><00:12:33.639><c> Can</c><00:12:33.779><c> you</c><00:12:33.940><c> help</c><00:12:34.100><c> me</c><00:12:34.320><c> here?</c>

00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:39.440
Let's<00:12:35.279><c> take</c><00:12:35.639><c> this</c><00:12:36.059><c> number</c><00:12:36.379><c> one</c><00:12:36.600><c> example,</c><00:12:37.759><c> which</c><00:12:38.000><c> is</c><00:12:38.299><c> just</c><00:12:38.639><c> three</c><00:12:38.919><c> letters</c><00:12:39.220><c> in</c>

00:12:39.440 --> 00:12:39.960
the<00:12:39.600><c> English,</c>

00:12:39.960 --> 00:12:46.000
h,<00:12:39.960><c> b,</c><00:12:41.259><c> space,</c><00:12:42.419><c> r,</c><00:12:42.779><c> n.</c><00:12:43.200><c> Maybe</c><00:12:43.460><c> some</c><00:12:43.720><c> of</c><00:12:43.899><c> the</c><00:12:44.899><c> young</c><00:12:45.059><c> people</c><00:12:45.360><c> could</c><00:12:45.559><c> help</c><00:12:45.779><c> me.</c>

00:12:46.100 --> 00:12:51.879
What<00:12:46.299><c> words</c><00:12:46.840><c> could</c><00:12:47.059><c> be</c><00:12:47.440><c> formed</c><00:12:47.899><c> with</c><00:12:48.940><c> those</c><00:12:49.559><c> three</c><00:12:49.960><c> letters</c><00:12:50.299><c> if</c><00:12:50.519><c> you</c><00:12:50.740><c> were</c><00:12:50.899><c> to</c><00:12:51.120><c> insert</c><00:12:51.580><c> a</c>

00:12:51.879 --> 00:12:53.899
vowel<00:12:52.279><c> into</c><00:12:52.659><c> that</c><00:12:52.960><c> spot?</c>

00:12:55.100 --> 00:12:56.159
Born.

00:12:57.580 --> 00:12:58.240
Burn.

00:12:59.059 --> 00:12:59.460
Barn.

00:12:59.919 --> 00:13:01.620
Those<00:13:00.059><c> are</c><00:13:00.259><c> the</c><00:13:00.440><c> three.</c><00:13:00.940><c> Thank</c><00:13:01.259><c> you.</c>

00:13:02.100 --> 00:13:05.779
So<00:13:02.620><c> there</c><00:13:03.039><c> are</c><00:13:03.419><c> occasions</c><00:13:04.080><c> that</c><00:13:04.519><c> you</c><00:13:04.720><c> would</c><00:13:04.960><c> be</c><00:13:05.259><c> hard</c><00:13:05.580><c>-pressed</c>

00:13:05.779 --> 00:13:08.080
to<00:13:06.100><c> know</c><00:13:06.379><c> what</c><00:13:06.700><c> particular</c><00:13:07.279><c> word</c><00:13:07.519><c> to</c><00:13:07.840><c> use.</c>

00:13:08.080 --> 00:13:12.139
Most<00:13:08.500><c> of</c><00:13:08.559><c> the</c><00:13:08.820><c> time,</c><00:13:09.519><c> the</c><00:13:09.539><c> context</c><00:13:10.259><c> and</c><00:13:10.679><c> the</c><00:13:10.840><c> words</c><00:13:11.059><c> around</c><00:13:11.480><c> them</c><00:13:11.620><c> would</c><00:13:11.759><c> make</c><00:13:12.000><c> it</c>

00:13:12.139 --> 00:13:13.620
very<00:13:12.659><c> clear.</c>

00:13:13.700 --> 00:13:18.279
But<00:13:13.879><c> there</c><00:13:14.100><c> were</c><00:13:14.419><c> times</c><00:13:15.340><c> where</c><00:13:16.019><c> it</c><00:13:16.139><c> would</c><00:13:16.500><c> be</c><00:13:17.100><c> questionable.</c>

00:13:18.720 --> 00:13:22.200
I've<00:13:18.899><c> given</c><00:13:19.080><c> you</c><00:13:19.279><c> an</c><00:13:19.460><c> example</c><00:13:19.919><c> or</c><00:13:20.120><c> two</c><00:13:20.399><c> here.</c><00:13:21.259><c> Again,</c><00:13:21.620><c> you</c><00:13:21.639><c> don't</c><00:13:21.860><c> find</c><00:13:22.100><c> a</c>

00:13:22.200 --> 00:13:22.639
lot<00:13:22.399><c> of</c><00:13:22.460><c> this.</c>

00:13:22.639 --> 00:13:25.100
You<00:13:22.799><c> almost</c><00:13:23.080><c> wonder</c><00:13:23.360><c> why</c><00:13:23.600><c> there</c><00:13:23.779><c> isn't</c><00:13:24.019><c> more.</c>

00:13:25.299 --> 00:13:29.279
But<00:13:25.600><c> here</c><00:13:25.820><c> we</c><00:13:25.940><c> have</c><00:13:26.139><c> an</c><00:13:26.340><c> example</c><00:13:26.740><c> from</c><00:13:27.019><c> the</c><00:13:27.299><c> A</c><00:13:27.620><c>.V.,</c><00:13:28.179><c> the</c><00:13:28.399><c> authorized</c><00:13:28.759><c> version,</c><00:13:29.139><c> the</c>

00:13:29.279 --> 00:13:30.159
King<00:13:29.519><c> James</c><00:13:29.759><c> version,</c>

00:13:30.179 --> 00:13:32.600
and<00:13:30.480><c> the</c><00:13:30.759><c> revised</c><00:13:31.340><c> version.</c>

00:13:32.860 --> 00:13:35.919
And<00:13:33.320><c> it</c><00:13:33.399><c> gives</c><00:13:33.580><c> you</c><00:13:33.799><c> the</c><00:13:33.980><c> Hebrew,</c><00:13:34.259><c> and</c><00:13:34.360><c> it</c><00:13:34.500><c> shows</c><00:13:34.720><c> you</c><00:13:34.940><c> the</c><00:13:35.159><c> placement</c><00:13:35.519><c> of</c>

00:13:35.919 --> 00:13:36.620
the<00:13:36.139><c> vowels.</c>

00:13:36.620 --> 00:13:39.679
And<00:13:37.179><c> if</c><00:13:37.279><c> you</c><00:13:37.539><c> place</c><00:13:37.720><c> them</c><00:13:37.980><c> differently,</c><00:13:39.179><c> then</c><00:13:39.299><c> you'll</c><00:13:39.539><c> come</c>

00:13:39.679 --> 00:13:41.460
up<00:13:39.840><c> with</c><00:13:40.080><c> different</c><00:13:40.360><c> meanings.</c>

00:13:42.240 --> 00:13:47.580
And<00:13:42.419><c> this</c><00:13:42.779><c> is</c><00:13:43.120><c> from</c><00:13:43.399><c> Genesis</c><00:13:43.840><c> 49,</c><00:13:44.820><c> which</c><00:13:44.940><c> is</c><00:13:45.159><c> Jacob's</c><00:13:45.779><c> prophecy</c><00:13:46.240><c> concerning</c><00:13:46.879><c> Simeon</c>

00:13:47.580 --> 00:13:48.559
and<00:13:48.080><c> Levi.</c>

00:13:48.960 --> 00:13:50.700
And<00:13:49.179><c> here</c><00:13:49.320><c> we</c><00:13:49.480><c> have</c><00:13:49.700><c> a</c><00:13:49.940><c> phrase</c><00:13:50.139><c> about</c><00:13:50.460><c> them.</c>

00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:56.799
They<00:13:51.000><c> dig</c><00:13:51.259><c> down</c><00:13:51.559><c> a</c><00:13:51.840><c> wall</c><00:13:52.259><c> in</c><00:13:52.860><c> the</c><00:13:53.039><c> A</c><00:13:53.240><c>.V.,</c><00:13:53.700><c> or</c><00:13:53.860><c> in</c><00:13:54.000><c> the</c><00:13:54.200><c> R</c><00:13:54.379><c>.V.,</c><00:13:54.580><c> they</c><00:13:55.259><c> hoed</c><00:13:55.639><c> an</c><00:13:55.919><c> ox.</c>

00:13:57.720 --> 00:14:00.860
In<00:13:58.000><c> Genesis</c><00:13:58.419><c> 15,</c><00:13:58.820><c> 11,</c><00:13:59.159><c> we</c><00:13:59.279><c> have</c><00:13:59.419><c> another</c><00:13:59.679><c> example.</c>

00:14:01.139 --> 00:14:03.899
This<00:14:01.379><c> is</c><00:14:01.600><c> a</c><00:14:01.700><c> time</c><00:14:01.860><c> when</c><00:14:02.059><c> Abraham</c><00:14:02.480><c> was</c><00:14:02.759><c> offering</c><00:14:03.200><c> to</c><00:14:03.460><c> God.</c>

00:14:03.899 --> 00:14:07.340
And<00:14:04.360><c> the</c><00:14:04.460><c> difference</c><00:14:04.779><c> here</c><00:14:05.059><c> is</c><00:14:05.299><c> seen</c><00:14:05.559><c> in</c><00:14:05.779><c> the</c><00:14:06.019><c> Hebrew</c><00:14:06.480><c> and</c><00:14:07.159><c> in</c>

00:14:07.340 --> 00:14:08.320
the<00:14:07.480><c> Septuagint,</c>

00:14:08.700 --> 00:14:11.879
which<00:14:08.820><c> is</c><00:14:09.039><c> the</c><00:14:09.320><c> Greek</c><00:14:09.639><c> of</c><00:14:10.600><c> the</c><00:14:10.879><c> Hebrew.</c>

00:14:12.200 --> 00:14:16.879
Driving<00:14:12.740><c> the</c><00:14:13.240><c> fowls</c><00:14:13.639><c> away</c><00:14:14.120><c> compared</c><00:14:14.620><c> to</c><00:14:15.019><c> sat</c><00:14:15.279><c> down</c><00:14:15.639><c> with</c><00:14:15.960><c> them.</c>

00:14:16.899 --> 00:14:18.759
That's<00:14:17.379><c> quite</c><00:14:17.600><c> a</c><00:14:17.840><c> difference.</c>

00:14:19.080 --> 00:14:21.899
And<00:14:19.419><c> that,</c><00:14:19.860><c> again,</c><00:14:20.139><c> has</c><00:14:20.419><c> to</c><00:14:20.600><c> do</c><00:14:20.639><c> with</c><00:14:20.820><c> the</c><00:14:21.059><c> placement</c><00:14:21.480><c> of</c>

00:14:21.899 --> 00:14:23.240
those<00:14:22.259><c> vowels.</c>

00:14:26.080 --> 00:14:27.860
Now,<00:14:26.419><c> for</c><00:14:26.580><c> all</c><00:14:26.779><c> of</c><00:14:26.860><c> you</c><00:14:26.960><c> who</c><00:14:27.139><c> haven't</c><00:14:27.299><c> been</c><00:14:27.500><c> reading</c><00:14:27.679><c> ahead</c>

00:14:27.860 --> 00:14:29.100
with<00:14:28.059><c> these</c><00:14:28.299><c> overheads,</c>

00:14:29.139 --> 00:14:31.860
you're<00:14:29.419><c> allowed</c><00:14:29.639><c> to</c><00:14:29.919><c> participate</c><00:14:30.240><c> in</c><00:14:30.399><c> the</c><00:14:30.539><c> next</c><00:14:30.759><c> activity.</c>

00:14:31.860 --> 00:14:37.620
And<00:14:32.100><c> that</c><00:14:32.340><c> is</c><00:14:32.860><c> to</c><00:14:33.919><c> tell</c><00:14:34.399><c> me</c><00:14:35.000><c> what</c><00:14:35.899><c> the</c><00:14:36.299><c> verse</c><00:14:36.620><c> says.</c>

00:14:37.740 --> 00:14:42.120
We've<00:14:38.080><c> given</c><00:14:38.279><c> you</c><00:14:38.460><c> an</c><00:14:38.620><c> English</c><00:14:39.039><c> example,</c><00:14:39.740><c> number</c><00:14:40.139><c> one,</c><00:14:41.360><c> without</c><00:14:41.759><c> the</c>

00:14:42.120 --> 00:14:43.919
vowels<00:14:42.600><c> and</c><00:14:42.980><c> without</c><00:14:43.419><c> spaces,</c>

00:14:44.139 --> 00:14:48.039
because<00:14:44.559><c> Hebrew</c><00:14:45.000><c> does</c><00:14:45.240><c> not</c><00:14:45.460><c> have</c><00:14:45.679><c> spaces</c><00:14:46.120><c> between</c><00:14:46.620><c> it</c><00:14:47.120><c> either.</c>

00:14:48.059 --> 00:14:50.940
And<00:14:48.340><c> I</c><00:14:48.379><c> must</c><00:14:48.620><c> admit</c><00:14:49.159><c> that</c><00:14:49.659><c> I</c><00:14:49.759><c> put</c><00:14:49.899><c> this</c><00:14:50.120><c> down</c><00:14:50.360><c> when</c><00:14:50.500><c> I</c><00:14:50.700><c> first</c>

00:14:50.940 --> 00:14:51.379
did<00:14:51.100><c> it.</c>

00:14:51.519 --> 00:14:54.440
And<00:14:51.679><c> then</c><00:14:51.860><c> later</c><00:14:52.080><c> I</c><00:14:52.220><c> looked</c><00:14:52.399><c> back</c><00:14:52.720><c> and</c><00:14:52.860><c> I</c><00:14:53.000><c> couldn't</c><00:14:53.279><c> think</c><00:14:53.620><c> about</c><00:14:53.899><c> what</c><00:14:54.100><c> the</c>

00:14:54.440 --> 00:14:55.120
verse<00:14:54.700><c> was.</c>

00:14:55.200 --> 00:14:58.259
And<00:14:55.360><c> it</c><00:14:55.419><c> took</c><00:14:55.580><c> me</c><00:14:55.799><c> quite</c><00:14:55.980><c> a</c><00:14:56.139><c> bit</c><00:14:56.279><c> of</c><00:14:56.480><c> time</c><00:14:56.679><c> to</c><00:14:56.899><c> work</c><00:14:57.059><c> it</c><00:14:57.240><c> out</c><00:14:57.379><c> again.</c>

00:14:58.440 --> 00:15:01.879
Let's<00:14:59.000><c> see</c><00:14:59.200><c> how</c><00:14:59.460><c> fast</c><00:14:59.820><c> we</c><00:15:00.000><c> can</c><00:15:00.539><c> put</c><00:15:00.840><c> together</c><00:15:01.200><c> the</c><00:15:01.440><c> English</c>

00:15:01.879 --> 00:15:04.039
for<00:15:02.639><c> this</c><00:15:03.539><c> verse.</c>

00:15:04.139 --> 00:15:07.139
No<00:15:04.379><c> spaces,</c><00:15:05.039><c> no</c><00:15:05.200><c> vowels.</c><00:15:05.919><c> What</c><00:15:06.039><c> does</c><00:15:06.220><c> it</c><00:15:06.320><c> say?</c>

00:15:07.799 --> 00:15:10.159
We've<00:15:08.100><c> got</c><00:15:08.220><c> it</c><00:15:08.519><c> pretty</c><00:15:08.740><c> much</c><00:15:09.000><c> up</c><00:15:09.220><c> here.</c>

00:15:11.500 --> 00:15:12.379
Right.

00:15:12.559 --> 00:15:15.860
The<00:15:12.700><c> fool</c><00:15:13.000><c> has</c><00:15:13.279><c> said</c><00:15:13.399><c> in</c><00:15:13.559><c> his</c><00:15:13.799><c> heart,</c><00:15:14.139><c> there</c><00:15:14.240><c> is</c><00:15:14.659><c> no</c><00:15:14.960><c> God.</c>

00:15:16.100 --> 00:15:18.039
You<00:15:16.259><c> could</c><00:15:16.460><c> see</c><00:15:16.639><c> where</c><00:15:16.820><c> it's</c><00:15:17.000><c> a</c><00:15:17.080><c> bit</c><00:15:17.179><c> of</c><00:15:17.379><c> a</c><00:15:17.539><c> challenge.</c>

00:15:18.419 --> 00:15:22.139
And<00:15:18.759><c> in</c><00:15:18.980><c> doing</c><00:15:19.179><c> that,</c><00:15:20.080><c> you</c><00:15:20.139><c> can</c><00:15:20.299><c> imagine</c><00:15:20.740><c> how</c><00:15:21.120><c> that</c><00:15:21.399><c> sometimes</c>

00:15:22.139 --> 00:15:26.220
things<00:15:22.519><c> would</c><00:15:22.759><c> be</c><00:15:22.899><c> put</c><00:15:23.360><c> together</c><00:15:23.919><c> in</c><00:15:24.799><c> different</c><00:15:25.139><c> ways.</c>

00:15:26.399 --> 00:15:30.659
We've<00:15:26.759><c> given</c><00:15:26.960><c> you</c><00:15:27.240><c> a</c><00:15:27.340><c> couple</c><00:15:27.580><c> of</c><00:15:27.899><c> examples</c><00:15:28.179><c> again,</c><00:15:28.799><c> Psalm</c><00:15:29.000><c> 814.</c>

00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:32.779
He<00:15:30.879><c> will</c><00:15:31.100><c> be</c><00:15:31.360><c> our</c><00:15:31.639><c> guide.</c>

00:15:33.299 --> 00:15:37.879
And<00:15:33.440><c> this</c><00:15:33.620><c> particular</c><00:15:34.220><c> word</c><00:15:34.700><c> can</c><00:15:35.980><c> mean</c><00:15:36.279><c> unto</c><00:15:36.700><c> death</c><00:15:37.139><c> if</c><00:15:37.480><c> it's</c>

00:15:37.879 --> 00:15:39.120
separated<00:15:38.240><c> in</c><00:15:38.519><c> this</c><00:15:38.740><c> manner,</c>

00:15:39.580 --> 00:15:41.700
or<00:15:40.000><c> it</c><00:15:40.179><c> can</c><00:15:40.419><c> mean</c><00:15:40.600><c> forever.</c>

00:15:41.980 --> 00:15:46.220
And<00:15:42.179><c> the</c><00:15:42.340><c> Hebrew</c><00:15:42.679><c> manuscripts</c><00:15:43.299><c> are</c><00:15:43.639><c> divided</c><00:15:44.220><c> into</c><00:15:44.860><c> the</c><00:15:45.120><c> authorized</c><00:15:45.559><c> version</c><00:15:45.960><c> we</c>

00:15:46.220 --> 00:15:47.840
have<00:15:46.419><c> unto</c><00:15:46.799><c> death.</c>

00:15:48.259 --> 00:15:51.379
And<00:15:48.519><c> the</c><00:15:48.720><c> third</c><00:15:48.899><c> example,</c><00:15:49.480><c> Psalm</c><00:15:49.759><c> 106,</c><00:15:50.620><c> verse</c><00:15:50.799><c> 7.</c>

00:15:51.379 --> 00:15:54.740
They<00:15:51.820><c> remembered</c><00:15:52.279><c> not</c><00:15:52.620><c> the</c><00:15:52.759><c> multitude</c><00:15:53.340><c> of</c><00:15:53.580><c> thy</c><00:15:53.799><c> mercies,</c><00:15:54.519><c> but</c>

00:15:54.740 --> 00:15:55.940
provoked<00:15:55.259><c> him.</c>

00:15:55.940 --> 00:15:59.480
And<00:15:56.379><c> again,</c><00:15:56.740><c> we</c><00:15:56.899><c> have</c><00:15:57.120><c> a</c><00:15:57.340><c> difference</c><00:15:57.559><c> here</c><00:15:58.120><c> in</c><00:15:58.419><c> the</c><00:15:58.639><c> authorized</c><00:15:59.059><c> version</c>

00:15:59.480 --> 00:16:01.120
and<00:15:59.720><c> the</c><00:15:59.860><c> Septuagint.</c>

00:16:01.440 --> 00:16:05.000
At<00:16:01.559><c> the</c><00:16:01.879><c> sea,</c><00:16:02.100><c> even</c><00:16:02.259><c> at</c><00:16:02.460><c> the</c><00:16:02.580><c> Red</c><00:16:02.940><c> Sea,</c><00:16:03.799><c> or</c><00:16:04.000><c> as</c><00:16:04.220><c> they</c><00:16:04.440><c> went</c><00:16:04.620><c> up</c>

00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:06.700
by<00:16:05.299><c> the</c><00:16:05.419><c> Red</c><00:16:05.820><c> Sea.</c>

00:16:06.799 --> 00:16:10.480
And<00:16:07.080><c> it</c><00:16:07.259><c> amounts</c><00:16:07.519><c> to</c><00:16:07.779><c> this</c><00:16:08.080><c> difference</c><00:16:08.399><c> here</c><00:16:08.759><c> in</c><00:16:08.980><c> this</c><00:16:09.179><c> particular</c><00:16:09.899><c> word.</c>

00:16:10.940 --> 00:16:15.340
Now,<00:16:12.200><c> I'm</c><00:16:12.460><c> hoping</c><00:16:12.759><c> by</c><00:16:13.259><c> showing</c><00:16:13.559><c> you</c><00:16:13.840><c> the</c><00:16:14.080><c> kinds</c><00:16:14.379><c> of</c><00:16:14.740><c> examples</c>

00:16:15.340 --> 00:16:18.299
that<00:16:16.500><c> you'll</c><00:16:17.179><c> feel</c><00:16:17.419><c> comfortable</c><00:16:17.799><c> with</c><00:16:18.080><c> this,</c>

00:16:18.299 --> 00:16:22.600
because<00:16:18.720><c> first</c><00:16:19.019><c> of</c><00:16:19.259><c> all,</c><00:16:20.399><c> the</c><00:16:20.519><c> number</c><00:16:20.860><c> of</c><00:16:21.200><c> differences</c><00:16:21.659><c> are</c>

00:16:22.600 --> 00:16:24.159
not<00:16:22.899><c> extensive.</c>

00:16:24.179 --> 00:16:27.480
And<00:16:24.440><c> we</c><00:16:24.539><c> can</c><00:16:24.940><c> see</c><00:16:25.220><c> how</c><00:16:25.440><c> they</c><00:16:25.580><c> would</c><00:16:25.840><c> easily</c><00:16:26.320><c> happen.</c>

00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:31.620
And<00:16:28.179><c> you'll</c><00:16:28.519><c> also,</c><00:16:28.820><c> in</c><00:16:29.039><c> many</c><00:16:29.240><c> cases,</c><00:16:29.879><c> see</c><00:16:30.039><c> that</c><00:16:30.720><c> sometimes</c><00:16:31.139><c> there's</c><00:16:31.379><c> not</c><00:16:31.539><c> a</c>

00:16:31.620 --> 00:16:33.259
lot<00:16:31.759><c> of</c><00:16:32.080><c> practical</c><00:16:32.639><c> difference.</c>

00:16:33.740 --> 00:16:36.159
So<00:16:33.919><c> we</c><00:16:34.139><c> will</c><00:16:34.320><c> be</c><00:16:34.519><c> looking</c><00:16:34.700><c> at</c><00:16:34.879><c> a</c><00:16:35.019><c> number</c><00:16:35.200><c> of</c><00:16:35.379><c> these</c><00:16:35.659><c> kinds</c><00:16:35.960><c> of</c>

00:16:36.159 --> 00:16:39.519
things<00:16:36.340><c> over</c><00:16:36.559><c> the</c><00:16:36.779><c> course</c><00:16:37.000><c> of</c><00:16:37.600><c> at</c><00:16:37.700><c> least</c><00:16:37.840><c> the</c><00:16:38.019><c> next</c><00:16:38.220><c> two</c><00:16:38.500><c> classes.</c>

00:16:40.159 --> 00:16:44.000
Now,<00:16:40.500><c> there</c><00:16:40.720><c> is</c><00:16:41.320><c> another</c><00:16:41.980><c> issue</c><00:16:42.679><c> which</c><00:16:43.220><c> is</c><00:16:43.539><c> important.</c>

00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:48.159
The<00:16:44.639><c> Hebrew</c><00:16:44.980><c> alphabet</c><00:16:45.419><c> contains</c><00:16:45.960><c> letters</c><00:16:46.360><c> which</c><00:16:46.659><c> can</c><00:16:46.940><c> be</c><00:16:47.139><c> mistaken</c><00:16:47.700><c> for</c>

00:16:48.159 --> 00:16:49.220
one<00:16:48.379><c> another.</c>

00:16:49.779 --> 00:16:56.220
And<00:16:49.899><c> it's</c><00:16:50.139><c> interesting</c><00:16:50.519><c> in</c><00:16:50.659><c> this</c><00:16:50.879><c> particular</c><00:16:51.440><c> case</c><00:16:52.200><c> that</c><00:16:55.059><c> we</c>

00:16:56.220 --> 00:16:59.139
can<00:16:56.500><c> identify</c><00:16:56.980><c> that</c><00:16:57.480><c> with</c><00:16:57.899><c> the</c><00:16:58.159><c> English</c><00:16:58.539><c> as</c><00:16:58.899><c> well,</c>

00:16:59.159 --> 00:17:03.340
because<00:16:59.519><c> there's</c><00:16:59.720><c> a</c><00:16:59.860><c> number</c><00:17:00.059><c> of</c><00:17:00.279><c> letters</c><00:17:00.679><c> that</c><00:17:01.360><c> can</c><00:17:01.679><c> be</c><00:17:02.259><c> mistaken,</c>

00:17:03.399 --> 00:17:06.079
especially<00:17:03.779><c> when</c><00:17:03.940><c> you</c><00:17:04.039><c> get</c><00:17:04.140><c> into</c><00:17:04.480><c> coding</c><00:17:04.980><c> and</c><00:17:05.200><c> things</c><00:17:05.420><c> like</c><00:17:05.779><c> that.</c>

00:17:06.359 --> 00:17:09.259
And<00:17:06.539><c> in</c><00:17:06.640><c> this</c><00:17:06.819><c> particular</c><00:17:07.200><c> case,</c><00:17:07.460><c> we</c><00:17:07.599><c> have</c><00:17:07.759><c> the</c><00:17:08.039><c> O</c><00:17:08.359><c> or</c><00:17:08.559><c> the</c><00:17:08.799><c> zero</c><00:17:09.099><c> and</c>

00:17:09.259 --> 00:17:09.900
the<00:17:09.559><c> Q.</c>

00:17:09.900 --> 00:17:13.400
They<00:17:10.339><c> could</c><00:17:10.539><c> be</c><00:17:10.740><c> easily</c><00:17:11.180><c> misunderstood,</c><00:17:12.640><c> particularly</c><00:17:13.279><c> if</c>

00:17:13.400 --> 00:17:14.980
you<00:17:13.539><c> go</c><00:17:13.640><c> with</c><00:17:13.759><c> my</c><00:17:14.119><c> handwriting.</c>

00:17:15.440 --> 00:17:19.220
In<00:17:15.819><c> the</c><00:17:16.099><c> number</c><00:17:16.460><c> two</c><00:17:16.660><c> example,</c><00:17:17.220><c> we've</c><00:17:17.400><c> got</c><00:17:17.559><c> Psalm</c><00:17:17.859><c> 22</c><00:17:18.400><c> verse</c><00:17:18.660><c> 16,</c>

00:17:19.319 --> 00:17:22.019
they<00:17:19.460><c> pierced</c><00:17:19.920><c> my</c><00:17:20.279><c> hands</c><00:17:20.599><c> and</c><00:17:20.900><c> my</c><00:17:21.259><c> feet.</c>

00:17:22.160 --> 00:17:25.279
The<00:17:22.380><c> Hebrew</c><00:17:22.740><c> actually</c><00:17:23.319><c> says,</c><00:17:23.839><c> like</c><00:17:24.039><c> a</c><00:17:24.279><c> lion,</c><00:17:24.599><c> my</c><00:17:24.859><c> hands</c><00:17:25.079><c> and</c>

00:17:25.279 --> 00:17:26.519
my<00:17:25.559><c> feet.</c>

00:17:27.619 --> 00:17:33.099
And<00:17:27.880><c> it</c><00:17:28.039><c> comes</c><00:17:28.359><c> down</c><00:17:28.720><c> to</c><00:17:29.220><c> confusion</c><00:17:29.880><c> between</c><00:17:30.619><c> the</c><00:17:31.400><c> Y</c><00:17:31.660><c> and</c><00:17:31.779><c> the</c><00:17:32.059><c> U,</c>

00:17:33.640 --> 00:17:38.759
which<00:17:34.039><c> in</c><00:17:34.359><c> the</c><00:17:34.559><c> Hebrew</c><00:17:34.779><c> is</c><00:17:35.519><c> like</c><00:17:36.259><c> a</c><00:17:36.519><c> lion</c><00:17:36.859><c> or</c><00:17:37.559><c> they</c><00:17:38.000><c> pierced.</c>

00:17:38.759 --> 00:17:42.839
And<00:17:39.539><c> of</c><00:17:39.700><c> course,</c><00:17:40.259><c> in</c><00:17:40.400><c> this</c><00:17:40.660><c> case,</c><00:17:40.980><c> as</c><00:17:41.119><c> in</c><00:17:41.279><c> many</c><00:17:41.420><c> other</c><00:17:41.740><c> cases,</c>

00:17:42.900 --> 00:17:45.259
it<00:17:43.039><c> would</c><00:17:43.200><c> be</c><00:17:43.480><c> obvious</c><00:17:43.819><c> what</c><00:17:44.039><c> it</c><00:17:44.279><c> should</c><00:17:44.460><c> be.</c>

00:17:45.740 --> 00:17:47.519
And<00:17:45.980><c> so</c><00:17:46.099><c> there's</c><00:17:46.299><c> not</c><00:17:46.480><c> a</c><00:17:46.660><c> problem.</c>

00:17:47.700 --> 00:17:50.900
But<00:17:47.880><c> interestingly,</c><00:17:48.519><c> in</c><00:17:48.680><c> this</c><00:17:48.880><c> one,</c><00:17:49.619><c> in</c><00:17:49.859><c> the</c><00:17:50.019><c> Hebrew,</c><00:17:50.680><c> it's</c>

00:17:50.900 --> 00:17:52.440
actually<00:17:51.200><c> the</c><00:17:51.359><c> one</c><00:17:51.480><c> that</c><00:17:51.640><c> doesn't</c><00:17:51.920><c> make</c><00:17:52.220><c> sense.</c>

00:17:52.460 --> 00:17:54.559
So<00:17:52.619><c> they've</c><00:17:52.859><c> had</c><00:17:52.980><c> to</c><00:17:53.160><c> make</c><00:17:53.299><c> a</c><00:17:53.440><c> little</c><00:17:53.579><c> alteration</c><00:17:54.279><c> seeing</c>

00:17:54.559 --> 00:17:55.799
what<00:17:54.880><c> happened.</c>

00:17:56.059 --> 00:18:00.019
Another<00:17:56.539><c> example</c><00:17:57.019><c> in</c><00:17:57.259><c> 2</c><00:17:57.519><c> Samuel</c><00:17:57.799><c> 8,</c><00:17:58.059><c> 13,</c><00:17:58.960><c> with</c><00:17:59.140><c> the</c><00:17:59.339><c> Valley</c><00:17:59.660><c> of</c>

00:18:00.019 --> 00:18:02.500
Salt,<00:18:00.619><c> with</c><00:18:00.819><c> Syria</c><00:18:01.240><c> and</c><00:18:01.740><c> Edom.</c>

00:18:02.740 --> 00:18:06.400
We<00:18:03.140><c> can</c><00:18:03.359><c> note</c><00:18:03.599><c> there,</c><00:18:04.400><c> we</c><00:18:04.700><c> know</c><00:18:04.940><c> the</c><00:18:05.160><c> Valley</c><00:18:05.380><c> of</c><00:18:05.640><c> Salt</c><00:18:05.779><c> is</c><00:18:06.019><c> in</c><00:18:06.180><c> Edom,</c>

00:18:06.400 --> 00:18:08.480
and<00:18:06.400><c> we</c><00:18:06.400><c> know</c><00:18:06.400><c> it's</c><00:18:06.400><c> not</c><00:18:06.519><c> in</c><00:18:06.839><c> Syria</c><00:18:07.220><c> by</c><00:18:07.700><c> looking</c><00:18:07.940><c> at</c><00:18:08.180><c> some</c>

00:18:08.480 --> 00:18:10.000
other<00:18:08.720><c> passages.</c>

00:18:11.740 --> 00:18:13.839
I'm<00:18:11.839><c> going</c><00:18:11.940><c> to</c><00:18:12.079><c> skip</c><00:18:12.339><c> the</c><00:18:12.519><c> next</c><00:18:12.859><c> two</c><00:18:13.299><c> examples.</c>

00:18:14.019 --> 00:18:17.880
Again,<00:18:14.700><c> you've</c><00:18:14.940><c> got</c><00:18:15.079><c> them</c><00:18:15.279><c> in</c><00:18:15.380><c> your</c><00:18:16.099><c> handout</c><00:18:16.460><c> and</c><00:18:17.059><c> you</c><00:18:17.259><c> can</c><00:18:17.460><c> look</c><00:18:17.700><c> at</c>

00:18:17.880 --> 00:18:20.180
them<00:18:18.359><c> at</c><00:18:18.920><c> your</c><00:18:19.220><c> leisure.</c>

00:18:20.339 --> 00:18:25.380
And<00:18:20.460><c> I'm</c><00:18:20.619><c> going</c><00:18:20.660><c> to</c><00:18:20.759><c> move</c><00:18:20.980><c> on</c><00:18:21.339><c> to</c><00:18:22.160><c> this</c><00:18:22.460><c> overhead,</c><00:18:24.500><c> which</c><00:18:24.720><c> begins</c><00:18:25.079><c> to</c>

00:18:25.380 --> 00:18:28.859
deal<00:18:25.559><c> with</c><00:18:25.859><c> the</c><00:18:26.660><c> issue</c><00:18:27.240><c> of</c>

00:18:29.460 --> 00:18:32.579
what<00:18:30.059><c> manuscripts</c><00:18:30.660><c> do</c><00:18:31.059><c> we</c><00:18:31.339><c> rely</c><00:18:31.839><c> on,</c>

00:18:32.579 --> 00:18:37.519
because<00:18:33.359><c> that</c><00:18:33.619><c> will</c><00:18:33.799><c> make</c><00:18:34.019><c> a</c><00:18:34.220><c> difference</c><00:18:34.519><c> in</c><00:18:34.740><c> relation</c><00:18:35.220><c> to</c><00:18:35.500><c> the</c><00:18:35.839><c> translation</c><00:18:36.559><c> that</c><00:18:37.200><c> we</c>

00:18:37.519 --> 00:18:40.220
use<00:18:37.940><c> and</c><00:18:38.240><c> that</c><00:18:38.440><c> we</c><00:18:38.920><c> believe</c><00:18:39.259><c> in.</c>

00:18:40.500 --> 00:18:43.940
The<00:18:40.539><c> oldest</c><00:18:40.940><c> manuscripts</c><00:18:41.640><c> do</c><00:18:42.019><c> not</c><00:18:42.259><c> support</c><00:18:42.680><c> the</c><00:18:42.920><c> majority</c><00:18:43.259><c> text</c><00:18:43.680><c> is</c>

00:18:43.940 --> 00:18:46.259
an<00:18:44.240><c> argument</c><00:18:44.619><c> that</c><00:18:44.859><c> is</c><00:18:45.039><c> often</c><00:18:45.319><c> made.</c>

00:18:46.299 --> 00:18:49.019
The<00:18:46.539><c> majority</c><00:18:46.940><c> text</c><00:18:47.319><c> is</c><00:18:47.539><c> the</c><00:18:47.660><c> majority</c><00:18:48.220><c> of</c><00:18:48.599><c> manuscripts,</c>

00:18:49.240 --> 00:18:51.140
however,<00:18:50.339><c> later</c><00:18:50.339><c> manuscripts</c>

00:18:51.140 --> 00:18:56.500
that<00:18:51.920><c> are</c><00:18:52.559><c> more</c><00:18:53.079><c> or</c><00:18:53.460><c> less</c><00:18:53.720><c> underneath</c><00:18:54.279><c> the</c><00:18:54.720><c> King</c><00:18:54.980><c> James</c><00:18:55.339><c> Version.</c>

00:18:56.920 --> 00:18:59.619
Along<00:18:57.279><c> with</c><00:18:57.559><c> the</c><00:18:57.700><c> majority</c><00:18:58.039><c> text</c><00:18:58.460><c> is</c><00:18:58.700><c> what</c><00:18:58.839><c> we</c><00:18:59.059><c> know</c><00:18:59.180><c> as</c><00:18:59.339><c> the</c>

00:18:59.619 --> 00:19:00.660
receive<00:19:00.000><c> text.</c>

00:19:00.660 --> 00:19:04.059
The<00:19:01.480><c> text</c><00:19:01.779><c> is</c><00:19:02.000><c> receptus,</c><00:19:02.660><c> which</c><00:19:02.859><c> is</c><00:19:03.059><c> not</c><00:19:03.240><c> the</c><00:19:03.440><c> same</c><00:19:03.700><c> thing.</c>

00:19:04.420 --> 00:19:08.940
It's<00:19:04.720><c> by</c><00:19:05.019><c> taking</c><00:19:05.299><c> all</c><00:19:05.619><c> of</c><00:19:05.859><c> those</c><00:19:06.359><c> and</c><00:19:07.420><c> some</c><00:19:07.680><c> of</c><00:19:07.940><c> other</c><00:19:08.579><c> kinds</c>

00:19:08.940 --> 00:19:09.680
of<00:19:09.279><c> strategies</c>

00:19:09.680 --> 00:19:12.059
in<00:19:09.900><c> terms</c><00:19:10.160><c> of</c><00:19:10.400><c> comparing</c><00:19:10.740><c> manuscripts</c><00:19:11.299><c> and</c><00:19:11.480><c> coming</c><00:19:11.660><c> up</c><00:19:11.859><c> with</c>

00:19:12.059 --> 00:19:13.079
the<00:19:12.420><c> receive</c><00:19:12.799><c> text,</c>

00:19:13.160 --> 00:19:18.599
the<00:19:13.299><c> one</c><00:19:13.460><c> that</c><00:19:13.900><c> is</c><00:19:14.099><c> sort</c><00:19:14.259><c> of</c><00:19:14.500><c> the</c><00:19:15.099><c> text</c><00:19:15.460><c> upon</c><00:19:15.779><c> which</c><00:19:16.200><c> the</c><00:19:18.359><c> King</c>

00:19:18.599 --> 00:19:20.859
James<00:19:18.900><c> Version</c><00:19:19.299><c> is</c><00:19:19.779><c> based.</c>

00:19:21.480 --> 00:19:25.119
But<00:19:21.759><c> there</c><00:19:21.980><c> are</c><00:19:22.220><c> other</c><00:19:22.539><c> manuscripts</c><00:19:23.000><c> which</c><00:19:23.339><c> have</c><00:19:23.559><c> been</c><00:19:23.940><c> discovered.</c>

00:19:25.380 --> 00:19:27.220
And<00:19:25.619><c> in</c><00:19:25.819><c> particular,</c><00:19:26.480><c> Septuagint.</c>

00:19:27.220 --> 00:19:31.160
There's<00:19:27.599><c> three</c><00:19:28.079><c> great</c><00:19:28.539><c> Greek</c><00:19:28.859><c> Bibles,</c><00:19:29.900><c> which</c><00:19:30.099><c> we</c><00:19:30.339><c> hear</c><00:19:30.519><c> a</c><00:19:30.619><c> lot</c><00:19:30.819><c> about.</c>

00:19:31.259 --> 00:19:35.359
The<00:19:31.539><c> Sinaiticus,</c><00:19:32.559><c> the</c><00:19:32.779><c> Vaticanus,</c><00:19:33.500><c> and</c><00:19:33.680><c> the</c><00:19:33.880><c> Alexandrinus.</c>

00:19:35.440 --> 00:19:37.940
These<00:19:35.759><c> three</c><00:19:36.099><c> manuscripts</c><00:19:36.660><c> were</c><00:19:36.940><c> discovered</c><00:19:37.400><c> in</c><00:19:37.640><c> the</c><00:19:37.779><c> fourth</c>

00:19:37.940 --> 00:19:39.460
and<00:19:38.160><c> fifth</c><00:19:38.420><c> centuries.</c>

00:19:39.559 --> 00:19:42.759
Sorry,<00:19:40.079><c> they</c><00:19:40.339><c> date</c><00:19:40.500><c> back</c><00:19:40.839><c> to</c><00:19:41.059><c> that</c><00:19:41.240><c> particular</c><00:19:41.759><c> time.</c>

00:19:43.700 --> 00:19:47.299
And<00:19:43.920><c> these</c><00:19:44.099><c> more</c><00:19:44.319><c> recent</c><00:19:44.700><c> discoveries</c><00:19:45.240><c> have</c><00:19:45.779><c> caused</c><00:19:46.099><c> a</c><00:19:46.240><c> lot</c><00:19:46.460><c> of</c><00:19:46.660><c> people</c><00:19:46.839><c> to</c><00:19:47.059><c> put</c><00:19:47.180><c> a</c>

00:19:47.299 --> 00:19:47.859
lot<00:19:47.480><c> of</c><00:19:47.680><c> weight</c>

00:19:47.859 --> 00:19:51.740
on<00:19:48.180><c> these</c><00:19:48.519><c> older</c><00:19:49.319><c> manuscripts,</c><00:19:50.039><c> these</c><00:19:50.279><c> older</c><00:19:50.660><c> types.</c>

00:19:52.220 --> 00:19:55.160
And<00:19:52.539><c> so</c><00:19:52.700><c> we</c><00:19:52.940><c> have</c><00:19:53.140><c> to</c><00:19:53.319><c> deal</c><00:19:53.460><c> with</c><00:19:53.680><c> the</c><00:19:54.019><c> arguments</c><00:19:54.440><c> that</c><00:19:54.839><c> come</c>

00:19:55.160 --> 00:19:56.400
forward<00:19:55.559><c> about</c><00:19:56.000><c> them.</c>

00:19:56.400 --> 00:20:00.240
And<00:19:57.180><c> it's</c><00:19:57.559><c> hard</c><00:19:57.839><c> to</c><00:19:58.140><c> be</c><00:19:58.579><c> 100</c><00:19:59.000><c>%</c><00:19:59.500><c> on</c><00:19:59.779><c> these.</c>

00:20:00.500 --> 00:20:02.779
It's<00:20:00.660><c> not</c><00:20:00.759><c> like</c><00:20:00.880><c> we're</c><00:20:01.059><c> dealing</c><00:20:01.319><c> with</c><00:20:01.640><c> the</c><00:20:02.079><c> Word</c><00:20:02.220><c> of</c><00:20:02.460><c> God</c><00:20:02.640><c> and</c>

00:20:02.779 --> 00:20:04.740
we're<00:20:03.079><c> comparing</c><00:20:03.500><c> passage</c><00:20:03.900><c> with</c><00:20:04.160><c> passage.</c>

00:20:05.200 --> 00:20:06.700
I'm<00:20:05.480><c> not</c><00:20:05.640><c> an</c><00:20:05.880><c> expert.</c>

00:20:06.740 --> 00:20:09.079
I<00:20:06.839><c> don't</c><00:20:07.079><c> think</c><00:20:07.240><c> many</c><00:20:07.460><c> would</c><00:20:07.700><c> claim</c><00:20:07.940><c> to</c><00:20:08.160><c> be</c><00:20:08.359><c> expert</c><00:20:08.700><c> in</c><00:20:08.839><c> this</c>

00:20:09.079 --> 00:20:10.119
particular<00:20:09.619><c> area.</c>

00:20:10.460 --> 00:20:13.900
What<00:20:10.640><c> I</c><00:20:10.819><c> hope</c><00:20:10.980><c> to</c><00:20:11.160><c> do</c><00:20:11.319><c> by</c><00:20:11.700><c> at</c><00:20:11.779><c> least</c><00:20:12.559><c> addressing</c><00:20:13.220><c> this</c><00:20:13.519><c> subject</c>

00:20:13.900 --> 00:20:15.900
is<00:20:14.160><c> to</c><00:20:14.359><c> give</c><00:20:14.480><c> you</c><00:20:14.660><c> some</c><00:20:14.880><c> of</c><00:20:15.039><c> the</c><00:20:15.220><c> ideas</c>

00:20:15.900 --> 00:20:20.279
so<00:20:16.680><c> that</c><00:20:16.900><c> we</c><00:20:17.099><c> can</c><00:20:17.640><c> make</c><00:20:18.019><c> some</c><00:20:18.440><c> reasonable</c><00:20:19.019><c> conclusions</c><00:20:19.839><c> on</c>

00:20:20.279 --> 00:20:21.480
our<00:20:20.619><c> own.</c>

00:20:22.000 --> 00:20:26.440
Because<00:20:22.640><c> what</c><00:20:23.180><c> I</c><00:20:23.359><c> have</c><00:20:23.559><c> found,</c><00:20:23.920><c> at</c><00:20:24.019><c> least</c><00:20:24.460><c> in</c><00:20:25.079><c> my</c><00:20:25.400><c> dealings</c><00:20:25.759><c> with</c><00:20:25.940><c> people</c><00:20:26.240><c> on</c>

00:20:26.440 --> 00:20:27.779
this<00:20:26.599><c> subject</c><00:20:26.980><c> at</c><00:20:27.220><c> university</c>

00:20:27.779 --> 00:20:33.220
and<00:20:28.099><c> elsewhere,</c><00:20:29.359><c> is</c><00:20:29.460><c> that</c><00:20:30.000><c> they</c><00:20:30.720><c> tend</c><00:20:31.059><c> to</c><00:20:31.420><c> put</c><00:20:31.599><c> a</c><00:20:31.700><c> lot</c><00:20:31.920><c> of</c><00:20:32.119><c> weight</c><00:20:32.420><c> on</c>

00:20:33.220 --> 00:20:35.099
certain<00:20:33.740><c> lines</c><00:20:34.359><c> of</c><00:20:34.720><c> reasoning</c>

00:20:35.099 --> 00:20:41.380
that<00:20:36.079><c> seem</c><00:20:36.319><c> obvious</c><00:20:37.019><c> to</c><00:20:39.779><c> have</c><00:20:40.059><c> a</c><00:20:40.359><c> different</c><00:20:40.700><c> conclusion</c>

00:20:41.380 --> 00:20:46.359
or<00:20:41.680><c> a</c><00:20:41.940><c> different</c><00:20:42.200><c> way</c><00:20:42.700><c> of</c><00:20:42.920><c> looking</c><00:20:43.140><c> at</c><00:20:43.759><c> those</c><00:20:44.000><c> particular</c><00:20:44.539><c> pieces</c><00:20:44.940><c> of</c><00:20:45.240><c> information.</c>

00:20:46.420 --> 00:20:50.319
For<00:20:46.619><c> example,</c><00:20:47.059><c> I</c><00:20:47.220><c> give</c><00:20:47.440><c> you</c><00:20:48.740><c> an</c><00:20:49.000><c> example</c><00:20:49.380><c> from</c><00:20:49.599><c> the</c><00:20:49.740><c> New</c><00:20:49.920><c> Testament.</c>

00:20:50.319 --> 00:20:54.240
A<00:20:51.079><c> passage</c><00:20:51.079><c> on</c><00:20:51.420><c> women</c><00:20:51.839><c> keeping</c><00:20:52.259><c> silence</c><00:20:53.039><c> in</c><00:20:53.539><c> the</c><00:20:53.680><c> church.</c>

00:20:54.740 --> 00:20:57.759
That<00:20:54.940><c> is</c><00:20:55.279><c> a</c><00:20:55.740><c> passage</c><00:20:56.200><c> that</c><00:20:56.460><c> I</c><00:20:56.539><c> can</c><00:20:56.839><c> quite</c><00:20:57.059><c> remember</c><00:20:57.460><c> in</c><00:20:57.619><c> an</c>

00:20:57.759 --> 00:20:59.500
Apostle<00:20:58.200><c> Paul</c><00:20:58.460><c> course.</c>

00:21:00.680 --> 00:21:04.420
A<00:21:00.740><c> particular</c><00:21:01.299><c> professor</c><00:21:01.819><c> saying,</c><00:21:02.559><c> shouldn't</c><00:21:02.799><c> really</c><00:21:03.180><c> be</c><00:21:03.519><c> there</c><00:21:03.740><c> because</c><00:21:04.119><c> in</c>

00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:05.319
papyrus<00:21:04.859><c> 70,</c>

00:21:05.420 --> 00:21:09.059
I<00:21:05.500><c> can't</c><00:21:05.779><c> remember</c><00:21:06.039><c> the</c><00:21:06.700><c> second</c><00:21:07.000><c> digit,</c><00:21:07.539><c> but</c><00:21:07.740><c> papyrus</c><00:21:08.160><c> something,</c>

00:21:09.200 --> 00:21:12.119
it<00:21:09.839><c> was</c><00:21:10.059><c> in</c><00:21:10.240><c> a</c><00:21:10.440><c> different</c><00:21:10.640><c> position</c><00:21:11.240><c> in</c><00:21:11.440><c> the</c><00:21:11.680><c> text.</c>

00:21:12.619 --> 00:21:15.000
So<00:21:12.779><c> it</c><00:21:12.839><c> was</c><00:21:13.119><c> probably</c><00:21:13.480><c> added</c><00:21:13.759><c> in</c><00:21:14.119><c> later.</c>

00:21:15.200 --> 00:21:20.940
This<00:21:15.900><c> is</c><00:21:16.119><c> the</c><00:21:16.299><c> kind</c><00:21:16.880><c> of</c><00:21:17.240><c> reasoning</c><00:21:17.559><c> that</c><00:21:18.119><c> is</c><00:21:18.619><c> used</c><00:21:19.279><c> by</c><00:21:20.579><c> more</c>

00:21:20.940 --> 00:21:23.119
liberal<00:21:21.779><c> scholars.</c>

00:21:23.359 --> 00:21:26.880
And<00:21:23.539><c> Westcott</c><00:21:24.099><c> and</c><00:21:24.480><c> Hort,</c><00:21:25.119><c> those</c><00:21:25.420><c> who</c><00:21:25.579><c> we've</c><00:21:25.839><c> mentioned</c><00:21:26.160><c> earlier,</c>

00:21:27.339 --> 00:21:30.400
those<00:21:27.859><c> people</c><00:21:28.440><c> who</c><00:21:28.599><c> are</c><00:21:28.819><c> very</c><00:21:29.119><c> much</c><00:21:29.359><c> behind</c><00:21:29.799><c> the</c><00:21:30.059><c> revision</c>

00:21:30.400 --> 00:21:31.039
and<00:21:30.619><c> the</c><00:21:30.839><c> text</c>

00:21:31.039 --> 00:21:33.859
that<00:21:31.319><c> supports</c><00:21:31.700><c> the</c><00:21:31.980><c> revised</c><00:21:32.319><c> version</c><00:21:32.700><c> and</c><00:21:32.900><c> the</c><00:21:33.059><c> RSV,</c>

00:21:34.319 --> 00:21:37.960
they<00:21:34.799><c> produced</c><00:21:35.720><c> a</c><00:21:36.160><c> text</c><00:21:36.380><c> that</c><00:21:36.700><c> used</c><00:21:36.940><c> this</c><00:21:37.319><c> kind</c><00:21:37.519><c> of</c><00:21:37.740><c> reasoning</c>

00:21:37.960 --> 00:21:43.019
and<00:21:38.180><c> went</c><00:21:38.279><c> with</c><00:21:38.500><c> these</c><00:21:38.819><c> older,</c><00:21:40.240><c> much</c><00:21:40.759><c> fewer</c><00:21:41.480><c> manuscripts.</c>

00:21:43.380 --> 00:21:45.980
Now<00:21:43.680><c> I</c><00:21:43.799><c> look</c><00:21:43.980><c> at</c><00:21:44.140><c> these</c><00:21:44.359><c> older</c><00:21:44.619><c> manuscripts</c><00:21:45.039><c> and</c><00:21:45.180><c> say</c><00:21:45.240><c> this</c><00:21:45.380><c> is</c><00:21:45.680><c> great</c>

00:21:45.980 --> 00:21:50.880
because<00:21:46.680><c> we</c><00:21:47.240><c> have</c><00:21:47.460><c> older</c><00:21:47.799><c> manuscripts</c><00:21:48.319><c> that</c><00:21:48.559><c> now</c><00:21:48.900><c> show</c><00:21:49.240><c> that</c><00:21:49.859><c> 98</c><00:21:50.279><c>%</c>

00:21:50.880 --> 00:21:52.660
of<00:21:51.039><c> what</c><00:21:51.220><c> we</c><00:21:51.460><c> have</c><00:21:51.660><c> here</c>

00:21:53.019 --> 00:21:58.000
is<00:21:53.619><c> legitimate</c><00:21:54.220><c> and</c><00:21:54.859><c> there</c><00:21:55.160><c> is</c><00:21:55.339><c> no</c><00:21:55.579><c> question</c><00:21:56.200><c> around</c><00:21:56.900><c> it.</c>

00:21:58.400 --> 00:22:01.319
But<00:21:58.559><c> at</c><00:21:58.740><c> the</c><00:21:58.799><c> same</c><00:21:59.119><c> time,</c><00:21:59.740><c> those</c><00:21:59.799><c> little</c><00:22:00.059><c> percentage</c><00:22:00.559><c> differences</c>

00:22:01.319 --> 00:22:06.500
amount<00:22:02.099><c> to</c><00:22:02.339><c> great</c><00:22:02.619><c> controversies</c><00:22:03.359><c> and</c><00:22:03.539><c> a</c><00:22:05.140><c> great</c><00:22:05.380><c> and</c><00:22:05.819><c> fierce</c><00:22:06.099><c> debate</c>

00:22:06.500 --> 00:22:10.119
which<00:22:06.740><c> has</c><00:22:07.019><c> gone</c><00:22:07.220><c> on</c><00:22:07.539><c> long</c><00:22:07.700><c> before</c><00:22:08.099><c> now</c><00:22:08.619><c> in</c><00:22:09.240><c> many</c><00:22:09.500><c> books</c><00:22:09.900><c> and</c>

00:22:10.119 --> 00:22:11.759
with<00:22:10.339><c> many</c><00:22:10.640><c> people.</c>

00:22:12.799 --> 00:22:15.500
The<00:22:12.960><c> replies</c><00:22:13.519><c> to</c><00:22:13.779><c> some</c><00:22:13.980><c> of</c><00:22:14.180><c> the</c><00:22:14.319><c> reasonings</c><00:22:14.700><c> which</c><00:22:14.900><c> are</c><00:22:15.180><c> given</c>

00:22:15.500 --> 00:22:17.539
could<00:22:15.839><c> be</c><00:22:16.779><c> as</c><00:22:17.079><c> follows.</c>

00:22:18.019 --> 00:22:21.700
Early<00:22:18.440><c> corruptions</c><00:22:19.559><c> were</c><00:22:19.980><c> not</c><00:22:20.200><c> used</c><00:22:20.460><c> for</c><00:22:20.799><c> copying.</c>

00:22:21.900 --> 00:22:26.099
Why<00:22:22.220><c> is</c><00:22:22.519><c> it</c><00:22:22.599><c> that</c><00:22:22.819><c> all</c><00:22:23.240><c> the</c><00:22:23.500><c> majority</c><00:22:24.000><c> are</c><00:22:24.259><c> the</c><00:22:24.420><c> ones</c><00:22:24.660><c> that</c>

00:22:26.099 --> 00:22:29.059
agree<00:22:26.799><c> with</c><00:22:27.619><c> this</c><00:22:27.940><c> textus</c><00:22:28.420><c> receptus</c>

00:22:29.059 --> 00:22:30.519
in<00:22:29.220><c> this</c><00:22:29.420><c> particular</c><00:22:29.940><c> point</c><00:22:30.160><c> of</c><00:22:30.319><c> view?</c>

00:22:30.680 --> 00:22:34.200
Why<00:22:30.980><c> were</c><00:22:31.180><c> these</c><00:22:31.559><c> smaller</c><00:22:32.180><c> numbers</c><00:22:32.960><c> sort</c><00:22:33.180><c> of</c><00:22:33.400><c> left</c><00:22:33.660><c> aside?</c>

00:22:34.359 --> 00:22:36.140
Why<00:22:34.619><c> did</c><00:22:34.759><c> they</c><00:22:35.039><c> not</c><00:22:35.380><c> continue</c><00:22:35.819><c> on</c><00:22:36.019><c> it?</c>

00:22:36.140 --> 00:22:38.059
They<00:22:36.339><c> were</c><00:22:36.559><c> seen</c><00:22:36.819><c> as</c><00:22:37.160><c> accurate</c><00:22:37.539><c> manuscripts.</c>

00:22:38.140 --> 00:22:41.640
Why<00:22:38.319><c> were</c><00:22:38.519><c> they</c><00:22:38.700><c> not</c><00:22:38.940><c> the</c><00:22:39.119><c> ones</c><00:22:39.740><c> that</c><00:22:40.240><c> were</c><00:22:40.660><c> copied?</c>

00:22:42.539 --> 00:22:47.079
Accurate,<00:22:43.059><c> well</c><00:22:43.339><c>-worn</c><00:22:43.660><c> old</c><00:22:44.200><c> manuscripts</c><00:22:44.640><c> were</c><00:22:45.480><c> copied</c><00:22:46.440><c> and</c>

00:22:47.079 --> 00:22:48.759
then<00:22:47.440><c> destroyed.</c>

00:22:50.200 --> 00:22:54.099
Most<00:22:50.539><c> ancient</c><00:22:51.019><c> manuscripts</c><00:22:51.640><c> are</c><00:22:51.960><c> from</c><00:22:52.940><c> a</c><00:22:53.400><c> limited</c><00:22:53.680><c> area.</c>

00:22:54.220 --> 00:22:58.220
They're<00:22:54.339><c> known</c><00:22:54.539><c> as</c><00:22:54.759><c> the</c><00:22:55.019><c> Alexandrian</c><00:22:55.859><c> type</c><00:22:57.079><c> of</c><00:22:57.779><c> text,</c>

00:22:58.400 --> 00:23:01.940
whereas<00:22:58.819><c> the</c><00:22:59.480><c> text</c><00:22:59.720><c> which</c><00:23:00.039><c> is</c><00:23:00.660><c> more</c><00:23:00.940><c> associated</c><00:23:01.460><c> with</c><00:23:01.740><c> the</c>

00:23:01.940 --> 00:23:02.759
King<00:23:02.180><c> James</c><00:23:02.420><c> version</c>

00:23:02.759 --> 00:23:05.160
is<00:23:02.960><c> known</c><00:23:03.119><c> as</c><00:23:03.299><c> the</c><00:23:03.460><c> Byzantine</c><00:23:04.059><c> text.</c>

00:23:05.200 --> 00:23:08.740
The<00:23:05.519><c> oldest</c><00:23:05.759><c> manuscripts</c><00:23:06.240><c> are</c><00:23:06.559><c> united</c><00:23:06.880><c> in</c><00:23:07.140><c> particular</c><00:23:07.680><c> eras</c>

00:23:08.740 --> 00:23:12.059
and<00:23:09.240><c> the</c><00:23:09.420><c> oldest</c><00:23:09.660><c> manuscripts</c><00:23:10.140><c> do</c><00:23:10.380><c> not</c><00:23:10.539><c> agree</c><00:23:10.880><c> amongst</c><00:23:11.299><c> themselves.</c>

00:23:12.079 --> 00:23:15.940
That<00:23:12.359><c> might</c><00:23:12.579><c> be</c><00:23:12.839><c> the</c><00:23:13.119><c> greatest</c><00:23:13.400><c> because</c><00:23:14.440><c> what</c><00:23:14.700><c> we</c><00:23:14.920><c> have</c><00:23:15.119><c> is</c><00:23:15.460><c> really,</c>

00:23:15.960 --> 00:23:19.259
it's<00:23:16.500><c> called</c><00:23:16.680><c> an</c><00:23:16.880><c> eclectic</c><00:23:17.500><c> text</c><00:23:17.940><c> where</c><00:23:18.180><c> they</c><00:23:18.460><c> take</c><00:23:18.640><c> all</c><00:23:19.000><c> of</c>

00:23:19.259 --> 00:23:20.940
the<00:23:20.400><c> manuscripts</c>

00:23:20.940 --> 00:23:24.019
and<00:23:21.140><c> they</c><00:23:21.299><c> use</c><00:23:21.500><c> certain</c><00:23:22.140><c> ways</c><00:23:22.579><c> of</c><00:23:22.900><c> reasoning</c><00:23:23.259><c> through</c><00:23:23.700><c> it</c>

00:23:24.019 --> 00:23:27.099
to<00:23:24.380><c> come</c><00:23:24.599><c> up</c><00:23:24.819><c> with</c><00:23:25.000><c> what</c><00:23:25.200><c> they</c><00:23:25.559><c> think</c><00:23:25.819><c> it</c><00:23:26.519><c> should</c><00:23:26.759><c> be.</c>

00:23:27.140 --> 00:23:33.220
But<00:23:27.279><c> there's</c><00:23:27.539><c> no</c><00:23:27.859><c> actual</c><00:23:28.500><c> manuscript</c><00:23:29.880><c> behind</c><00:23:30.779><c> these</c><00:23:31.440><c> revised</c><00:23:31.960><c> versions.</c>

00:23:34.660 --> 00:23:40.119
Let's<00:23:35.279><c> just</c><00:23:35.519><c> go</c><00:23:35.720><c> on</c><00:23:35.980><c> very</c><00:23:36.279><c> briefly</c><00:23:36.740><c> and</c><00:23:37.519><c> look</c><00:23:37.799><c> at</c><00:23:38.519><c> this</c>

00:23:40.119 --> 00:23:41.940
particular<00:23:40.859><c> theory.</c>

00:23:45.420 --> 00:23:49.759
The<00:23:45.599><c> theory</c><00:23:46.380><c> about</c><00:23:47.180><c> the</c><00:23:47.440><c> majority</c><00:23:47.759><c> text</c><00:23:48.220><c> is</c><00:23:48.480><c> that</c><00:23:48.640><c> it</c><00:23:48.839><c> is</c><00:23:49.019><c> a</c><00:23:49.279><c> revised</c>

00:23:49.759 --> 00:23:52.519
and<00:23:50.059><c> hence</c><00:23:50.240><c> secondary</c><00:23:50.900><c> form</c><00:23:51.339><c> of</c><00:23:51.539><c> the</c><00:23:51.740><c> Greek</c><00:23:51.940><c> text</c>

00:23:52.519 --> 00:23:56.819
and<00:23:53.000><c> most</c><00:23:53.299><c> of</c><00:23:53.480><c> the</c><00:23:53.619><c> debate</c><00:23:53.900><c> surrounds</c><00:23:54.619><c> the</c><00:23:54.940><c> Greek</c><00:23:55.140><c> in</c><00:23:55.319><c> the</c><00:23:55.420><c> New</c><00:23:55.579><c> Testament.</c>

00:23:57.740 --> 00:24:02.279
Case<00:23:58.140><c> one,</c><00:23:59.319><c> if</c><00:23:59.720><c> in</c><00:24:00.220><c> fact</c><00:24:00.440><c> the</c><00:24:00.700><c> revision</c><00:24:01.160><c> took</c><00:24:01.579><c> place</c><00:24:01.980><c> within</c>

00:24:02.279 --> 00:24:03.539
the<00:24:02.500><c> first</c><00:24:02.759><c> two</c><00:24:03.079><c> centuries</c>

00:24:03.539 --> 00:24:05.720
then<00:24:03.740><c> by</c><00:24:04.019><c> the</c><00:24:04.259><c> reviser's</c><00:24:04.940><c> argument</c><00:24:05.240><c> of</c><00:24:05.420><c> age,</c>

00:24:06.200 --> 00:24:08.339
it<00:24:06.200><c> is</c><00:24:06.339><c> of</c><00:24:06.480><c> equal</c><00:24:06.759><c> or</c><00:24:06.940><c> greater</c><00:24:07.200><c> value</c><00:24:07.599><c> than</c><00:24:07.759><c> the</c><00:24:08.019><c> codices</c>

00:24:08.339 --> 00:24:09.859
available<00:24:08.819><c> today.</c>

00:24:09.880 --> 00:24:14.200
It's<00:24:10.119><c> a</c><00:24:10.240><c> simple</c><00:24:10.460><c> argument</c><00:24:10.980><c> because</c><00:24:11.900><c> the</c><00:24:12.480><c> Vaticanus</c><00:24:13.220><c> and</c><00:24:13.400><c> the</c><00:24:13.599><c> Scienticus</c>

00:24:14.200 --> 00:24:16.480
and<00:24:14.380><c> the</c><00:24:14.640><c> Alexandrinus</c><00:24:15.259><c> were</c><00:24:15.440><c> discovered</c>

00:24:16.940 --> 00:24:20.940
and<00:24:17.500><c> are</c><00:24:17.720><c> linked</c><00:24:17.859><c> back</c><00:24:18.160><c> in</c><00:24:18.460><c> time</c><00:24:18.599><c> to</c><00:24:18.779><c> the</c><00:24:18.940><c> fourth</c><00:24:19.099><c> and</c><00:24:19.319><c> fifth</c><00:24:19.799><c> century.</c>

00:24:21.380 --> 00:24:24.700
So<00:24:21.579><c> they</c><00:24:21.759><c> weren't</c><00:24:21.900><c> before</c><00:24:22.859><c> this</c><00:24:23.640><c> so</c><00:24:24.000><c>-called</c><00:24:24.160><c> revision</c>

00:24:24.700 --> 00:24:27.880
that<00:24:24.920><c> is</c><00:24:25.220><c> theorized</c><00:24:26.259><c> to</c><00:24:26.720><c> have</c><00:24:26.960><c> happened.</c>

00:24:28.079 --> 00:24:30.900
Case<00:24:28.480><c> two,</c><00:24:28.920><c> if</c><00:24:29.140><c> the</c><00:24:29.339><c> revision</c><00:24:29.680><c> took</c><00:24:29.960><c> place</c><00:24:30.299><c> within</c><00:24:30.519><c> the</c><00:24:30.740><c> third</c>

00:24:30.900 --> 00:24:32.019
and<00:24:31.079><c> fourth</c><00:24:31.339><c> centuries</c>

00:24:32.019 --> 00:24:35.359
then<00:24:32.740><c> how</c><00:24:32.980><c> could</c><00:24:33.220><c> such</c><00:24:33.539><c> unanimity</c><00:24:34.000><c> be</c><00:24:34.279><c> obtained</c><00:24:34.640><c> for</c><00:24:34.920><c> such</c><00:24:35.119><c> a</c>

00:24:35.359 --> 00:24:36.519
large<00:24:35.660><c> number</c><00:24:35.920><c> of</c><00:24:36.339><c> manuscripts</c>

00:24:36.519 --> 00:24:39.900
already<00:24:37.099><c> spread</c><00:24:37.420><c> over</c><00:24:37.720><c> many</c><00:24:38.000><c> countries</c><00:24:38.539><c> in</c><00:24:39.180><c> the</c><00:24:39.380><c> hands</c><00:24:39.619><c> of</c><00:24:39.819><c> a</c>

00:24:39.900 --> 00:24:41.299
multitude<00:24:40.279><c> of</c><00:24:40.660><c> copyists?</c>

00:24:41.720 --> 00:24:44.720
By<00:24:42.000><c> that</c><00:24:42.420><c> time,</c><00:24:43.299><c> you</c><00:24:43.420><c> know,</c><00:24:43.539><c> the</c><00:24:43.660><c> Bible</c><00:24:44.059><c> had</c><00:24:44.380><c> moved</c>

00:24:44.720 --> 00:24:48.859
as<00:24:44.960><c> we've</c><00:24:45.339><c> mentioned</c><00:24:45.579><c> in</c><00:24:45.740><c> our</c><00:24:45.960><c> previous</c><00:24:46.299><c> session</c><00:24:46.839><c> into</c><00:24:47.759><c> different</c><00:24:48.180><c> areas</c>

00:24:48.859 --> 00:24:51.240
and<00:24:49.740><c> had</c><00:24:49.940><c> been</c><00:24:50.220><c> copied.</c>

00:24:51.359 --> 00:24:56.799
How<00:24:51.579><c> could</c><00:24:51.759><c> you</c><00:24:51.980><c> ever</c><00:24:52.380><c> arrange</c><00:24:53.180><c> to</c><00:24:54.119><c> bring</c><00:24:54.519><c> a</c><00:24:54.839><c> corruption</c><00:24:55.259><c> into</c><00:24:55.720><c> place</c>

00:24:56.819 --> 00:24:59.940
and<00:24:57.200><c> to</c><00:24:57.500><c> have</c><00:24:57.640><c> it</c><00:24:57.880><c> through</c><00:24:58.359><c> all</c><00:24:58.619><c> of</c><00:24:58.779><c> these</c><00:24:58.980><c> quotations</c>

00:24:59.940 --> 00:25:05.480
and<00:25:00.140><c> all</c><00:25:00.400><c> of</c><00:25:00.640><c> these</c><00:25:01.579><c> different</c><00:25:02.539><c> copies</c><00:25:03.259><c> and</c><00:25:04.059><c> in</c><00:25:04.180><c> this</c><00:25:04.440><c> case,</c>

00:25:05.519 --> 00:25:06.740
other<00:25:05.599><c> languages?</c>

00:25:08.079 --> 00:25:12.000
The<00:25:08.220><c> next</c><00:25:08.579><c> point</c><00:25:08.980><c> is</c><00:25:10.000><c> the</c><00:25:10.539><c> readings</c><00:25:10.880><c> of</c><00:25:11.059><c> the</c><00:25:11.220><c> majority</c><00:25:11.579><c> text</c>

00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:16.259
are<00:25:12.339><c> repeatedly</c><00:25:12.779><c> inferior</c><00:25:13.539><c> to</c><00:25:13.799><c> those</c><00:25:14.140><c> of</c><00:25:14.500><c> earlier</c><00:25:14.859><c> manuscripts.</c>

00:25:18.160 --> 00:25:21.660
And<00:25:18.319><c> two</c><00:25:18.480><c> criteria</c><00:25:19.039><c> are</c><00:25:19.240><c> primarily</c><00:25:19.740><c> relied</c><00:25:20.119><c> upon</c><00:25:20.519><c> to</c><00:25:20.759><c> determine</c><00:25:21.119><c> this</c><00:25:21.420><c> reading.</c>

00:25:21.779 --> 00:25:24.359
Choose<00:25:21.980><c> the</c><00:25:22.240><c> reading</c><00:25:22.400><c> that</c><00:25:22.660><c> fits</c><00:25:22.880><c> the</c><00:25:23.220><c> context.</c>

00:25:24.859 --> 00:25:27.119
Choose<00:25:25.099><c> the</c><00:25:25.299><c> reading</c><00:25:25.480><c> which</c><00:25:25.779><c> explains</c><00:25:26.160><c> the</c><00:25:26.480><c> origin</c><00:25:26.779><c> of</c><00:25:26.940><c> the</c>

00:25:27.119 --> 00:25:27.640
other<00:25:27.299><c> reading.</c>

00:25:27.640 --> 00:25:30.900
Now<00:25:28.119><c> these</c><00:25:28.240><c> are</c><00:25:28.420><c> the</c><00:25:28.519><c> kinds</c><00:25:28.700><c> of</c><00:25:29.240><c> exercises</c><00:25:29.680><c> that</c><00:25:30.039><c> people</c><00:25:30.359><c> go</c><00:25:30.680><c> through</c>

00:25:30.900 --> 00:25:32.960
when<00:25:31.039><c> they're</c><00:25:31.279><c> working</c><00:25:31.519><c> on</c><00:25:31.819><c> the</c><00:25:32.039><c> text.</c>

00:25:33.579 --> 00:25:35.039
And<00:25:33.740><c> I</c><00:25:33.839><c> think,</c><00:25:33.960><c> you</c><00:25:34.099><c> know,</c><00:25:34.160><c> we</c><00:25:34.279><c> just</c><00:25:34.460><c> need</c><00:25:34.559><c> to</c><00:25:34.700><c> look</c><00:25:34.859><c> at</c><00:25:34.960><c> it.</c>

00:25:35.059 --> 00:25:36.940
There's<00:25:35.299><c> no</c><00:25:35.539><c> great</c><00:25:35.859><c> magic.</c>

00:25:37.220 --> 00:25:39.259
They've<00:25:37.619><c> got</c><00:25:37.700><c> to</c><00:25:37.859><c> take</c><00:25:38.019><c> these</c><00:25:38.359><c> principles</c><00:25:38.720><c> in</c><00:25:39.019><c> hand</c>

00:25:39.259 --> 00:25:43.220
and<00:25:39.779><c> use</c><00:25:40.240><c> these</c><00:25:40.640><c> kinds</c><00:25:40.920><c> of</c><00:25:41.180><c> things</c><00:25:41.559><c> to</c><00:25:42.259><c> reason</c><00:25:42.740><c> through.</c>

00:25:43.519 --> 00:25:46.319
And<00:25:43.720><c> it's</c><00:25:43.980><c> interesting</c><00:25:44.559><c> that</c><00:25:45.279><c> in</c><00:25:45.680><c> his</c><00:25:45.920><c> book</c>

00:25:46.319 --> 00:25:49.859
External<00:25:46.859><c> Evidence</c><00:25:47.359><c> and</c><00:25:47.920><c> New</c><00:25:48.160><c> Testament</c><00:25:48.519><c> Textual</c><00:25:48.980><c> Criticism</c>

00:25:49.859 --> 00:25:52.779
E<00:25:50.319><c>.C.</c><00:25:50.680><c> Caldwell</c><00:25:50.980><c> says</c><00:25:51.299><c> that</c><00:25:51.500><c> as</c><00:25:51.599><c> a</c><00:25:51.779><c> matter</c><00:25:52.059><c> of</c><00:25:52.259><c> fact,</c><00:25:52.640><c> these</c>

00:25:52.779 --> 00:25:53.819
two<00:25:53.180><c> standard</c><00:25:53.559><c> criteria</c>

00:25:53.819 --> 00:25:58.180
for<00:25:54.359><c> the</c><00:25:54.680><c> appraisal</c><00:25:55.099><c> of</c><00:25:56.200><c> the</c><00:25:56.240><c> internal</c><00:25:57.319><c> evidence</c><00:25:57.700><c> of</c><00:25:57.960><c> readings</c>

00:25:58.180 --> 00:26:00.279
can<00:25:58.500><c> easily</c><00:25:58.920><c> cancel</c><00:25:59.339><c> each</c><00:25:59.619><c> other</c><00:25:59.819><c> out</c>

00:26:00.279 --> 00:26:02.779
and<00:26:00.539><c> leave</c><00:26:00.720><c> the</c><00:26:00.960><c> scholar</c><00:26:01.220><c> free</c><00:26:01.500><c> to</c><00:26:01.779><c> choose</c><00:26:02.000><c> in</c><00:26:02.180><c> terms</c><00:26:02.460><c> of</c><00:26:02.599><c> his</c>

00:26:02.779 --> 00:26:04.619
own<00:26:03.160><c> prejudgments.</c>

00:26:05.880 --> 00:26:12.460
And<00:26:06.480><c> so</c><00:26:07.079><c> we</c><00:26:07.500><c> at</c><00:26:07.619><c> least</c><00:26:07.799><c> need</c><00:26:08.039><c> to</c><00:26:08.259><c> be</c><00:26:08.700><c> wary</c><00:26:09.180><c> of</c><00:26:10.339><c> the</c><00:26:10.559><c> kind</c><00:26:10.980><c> of</c><00:26:11.920><c> reasonings</c>

00:26:12.460 --> 00:26:15.339
that<00:26:12.759><c> may</c><00:26:12.980><c> go</c><00:26:13.240><c> on</c><00:26:13.599><c> in</c><00:26:13.980><c> developing</c><00:26:14.519><c> the</c><00:26:14.859><c> text.</c>

00:26:15.700 --> 00:26:19.079
And<00:26:15.819><c> one</c><00:26:16.000><c> thing</c><00:26:16.160><c> we</c><00:26:16.380><c> can</c><00:26:16.720><c> see</c><00:26:16.980><c> in</c><00:26:17.140><c> our</c><00:26:17.339><c> world</c><00:26:17.519><c> is</c><00:26:17.819><c> this</c><00:26:18.559><c> view</c>

00:26:19.079 --> 00:26:22.740
of<00:26:19.940><c> the</c><00:26:20.200><c> inspiration</c><00:26:20.680><c> of</c><00:26:20.920><c> scripture</c><00:26:21.279><c> which</c><00:26:21.579><c> has</c><00:26:21.839><c> been</c><00:26:22.140><c> lost</c>

00:26:22.740 --> 00:26:25.920
at<00:26:22.960><c> least</c><00:26:23.599><c> in</c><00:26:24.259><c> times</c><00:26:24.700><c> gone</c><00:26:25.240><c> past.</c>

00:26:26.220 --> 00:26:29.900
People<00:26:26.559><c> had</c><00:26:27.039><c> a</c><00:26:27.359><c> real</c><00:26:27.680><c> reverence</c><00:26:28.160><c> for</c><00:26:28.420><c> the</c><00:26:28.619><c> word</c><00:26:28.900><c> in</c><00:26:29.180><c> that</c><00:26:29.400><c> relation.</c>

00:26:30.380 --> 00:26:33.519
And<00:26:30.480><c> a</c><00:26:30.539><c> lot</c><00:26:30.680><c> of</c><00:26:30.819><c> the</c><00:26:31.019><c> scholars</c><00:26:31.359><c> who</c><00:26:31.599><c> have</c><00:26:31.859><c> worked</c><00:26:32.099><c> since</c><00:26:32.460><c> Westcott</c><00:26:32.960><c> and</c><00:26:33.240><c> Hort</c>

00:26:33.519 --> 00:26:38.799
including<00:26:34.579><c> themselves,</c><00:26:35.240><c> didn't</c><00:26:35.460><c> believe</c><00:26:35.859><c> in</c><00:26:36.259><c> the</c><00:26:36.619><c> inspiration</c><00:26:37.279><c> of</c><00:26:37.619><c> the</c><00:26:37.819><c> scriptures.</c>

00:26:40.019 --> 00:26:43.259
So<00:26:40.440><c> that's</c><00:26:41.180><c> some</c><00:26:41.400><c> of</c><00:26:41.619><c> the</c><00:26:41.680><c> issues</c><00:26:41.940><c> around</c><00:26:42.359><c> the</c><00:26:42.680><c> transmission</c>

00:26:43.259 --> 00:26:45.740
of<00:26:44.519><c> the</c><00:26:44.799><c> scriptures.</c>

00:26:46.500 --> 00:26:50.359
I'd<00:26:46.859><c> like</c><00:26:46.900><c> for</c><00:26:47.099><c> a</c><00:26:47.240><c> moment</c><00:26:47.440><c> to</c><00:26:47.700><c> talk</c><00:26:47.900><c> to</c><00:26:48.039><c> you</c><00:26:48.200><c> about</c><00:26:48.579><c> the</c><00:26:48.920><c> translation</c><00:26:49.559><c> of</c><00:26:50.140><c> the</c>

00:26:50.359 --> 00:26:51.140
scriptures<00:26:50.680><c> now.</c>

00:26:51.140 --> 00:26:53.839
And<00:26:51.539><c> I'd</c><00:26:51.839><c> like</c><00:26:51.940><c> first</c><00:26:52.200><c> just</c><00:26:52.539><c> to</c><00:26:52.720><c> cite</c><00:26:52.920><c> for</c><00:26:53.099><c> you</c><00:26:53.279><c> an</c><00:26:53.460><c> example,</c>

00:26:54.099 --> 00:26:57.819
a<00:26:54.279><c> personal</c><00:26:54.640><c> example</c><00:26:55.259><c> again</c><00:26:55.819><c> from</c><00:26:56.380><c> the</c><00:26:56.660><c> survey</c><00:26:56.920><c> world.</c>

00:26:58.220 --> 00:27:03.779
In<00:26:58.400><c> many</c><00:26:58.640><c> cases</c><00:26:59.079><c> now</c><00:26:59.400><c> we've</c><00:26:59.660><c> had</c><00:27:00.099><c> to</c><00:27:01.160><c> translate</c><00:27:01.980><c> our</c><00:27:03.019><c> English</c>

00:27:03.779 --> 00:27:05.940
surveys<00:27:04.440><c> into</c><00:27:05.059><c> French.</c>

00:27:07.000 --> 00:27:11.900
And<00:27:07.220><c> what</c><00:27:07.440><c> I've</c><00:27:07.779><c> noticed</c><00:27:08.180><c> is</c><00:27:08.440><c> that</c><00:27:08.980><c> constantly</c><00:27:09.759><c> we</c><00:27:10.960><c> have</c><00:27:11.339><c> a</c>

00:27:11.900 --> 00:27:13.160
smaller<00:27:12.240><c> English</c><00:27:12.740><c> version</c>

00:27:13.160 --> 00:27:15.799
and<00:27:13.440><c> a</c><00:27:13.740><c> larger</c><00:27:14.200><c> French</c><00:27:14.619><c> version.</c>

00:27:16.359 --> 00:27:18.220
Translation<00:27:17.000><c> is</c><00:27:17.259><c> a</c><00:27:17.339><c> real</c><00:27:17.579><c> challenge</c>

00:27:18.220 --> 00:27:22.460
and<00:27:18.779><c> you</c><00:27:18.900><c> notice</c><00:27:19.279><c> that</c><00:27:19.559><c> people</c><00:27:19.940><c> translate</c><00:27:21.279><c> in</c><00:27:21.720><c> different</c><00:27:22.039><c> ways.</c>

00:27:22.599 --> 00:27:24.380
If<00:27:22.640><c> you're</c><00:27:22.859><c> to</c><00:27:22.880><c> give</c><00:27:23.019><c> it</c><00:27:23.160><c> to</c><00:27:23.299><c> two</c><00:27:23.480><c> different</c><00:27:23.720><c> people</c><00:27:24.039><c> it</c><00:27:24.160><c> comes</c>

00:27:24.380 --> 00:27:26.019
out<00:27:24.599><c> two</c><00:27:24.779><c> different</c><00:27:25.059><c> ways.</c>

00:27:26.140 --> 00:27:29.799
And<00:27:26.259><c> the</c><00:27:26.460><c> French</c><00:27:26.660><c> is</c><00:27:26.900><c> almost</c><00:27:27.279><c> always</c><00:27:28.480><c> longer.</c>

00:27:30.180 --> 00:27:32.619
Now<00:27:30.299><c> Canadians</c><00:27:30.720><c> have</c><00:27:30.940><c> an</c><00:27:31.119><c> advantage</c><00:27:31.460><c> here</c><00:27:31.619><c> to</c><00:27:31.779><c> know</c><00:27:31.940><c> that</c><00:27:32.180><c> because</c><00:27:32.440><c> in</c>

00:27:32.619 --> 00:27:33.599
our<00:27:32.799><c> cereal</c><00:27:33.140><c> boxes</c>

00:27:33.599 --> 00:27:36.559
you've<00:27:34.380><c> got</c><00:27:34.440><c> to</c><00:27:34.619><c> have</c><00:27:34.619><c> the</c><00:27:34.799><c> English</c><00:27:35.140><c> and</c><00:27:35.440><c> the</c><00:27:35.660><c> French.</c>

00:27:36.740 --> 00:27:38.920
You've<00:27:36.920><c> got</c><00:27:36.940><c> to</c><00:27:37.059><c> have</c><00:27:37.180><c> English</c><00:27:37.460><c> and</c><00:27:37.619><c> French</c><00:27:37.819><c> in</c><00:27:38.019><c> everything.</c>

00:27:39.039 --> 00:27:42.079
And<00:27:39.380><c> it's</c><00:27:39.559><c> very</c><00:27:39.839><c> obvious</c><00:27:40.299><c> to</c><00:27:40.900><c> us</c><00:27:41.119><c> when</c><00:27:41.279><c> we</c><00:27:41.400><c> look</c><00:27:41.579><c> at</c><00:27:41.740><c> that</c><00:27:41.960><c> that</c>

00:27:42.079 --> 00:27:43.519
this<00:27:42.380><c> is</c><00:27:42.619><c> in</c><00:27:42.759><c> fact</c><00:27:42.920><c> the</c><00:27:43.160><c> case.</c>

00:27:43.940 --> 00:27:45.920
For<00:27:44.119><c> us</c><00:27:44.380><c> it</c><00:27:44.519><c> means</c><00:27:44.779><c> that</c><00:27:44.940><c> if</c><00:27:45.019><c> I'm</c><00:27:45.160><c> doing</c><00:27:45.319><c> an</c><00:27:45.420><c> eight</c><00:27:45.539><c> and</c><00:27:45.720><c> a</c><00:27:45.740><c> half</c>

00:27:45.920 --> 00:27:47.200
by<00:27:46.160><c> eleven</c><00:27:46.579><c> survey</c>

00:27:47.200 --> 00:27:50.579
in<00:27:48.039><c> English</c><00:27:48.480><c> it</c><00:27:49.259><c> means</c><00:27:49.539><c> I'm</c><00:27:49.740><c> probably</c><00:27:49.960><c> going</c><00:27:50.140><c> to</c><00:27:50.200><c> need</c><00:27:50.339><c> to</c><00:27:50.480><c> use</c>

00:27:50.579 --> 00:27:54.160
an<00:27:50.700><c> eight</c><00:27:50.759><c> and</c><00:27:50.900><c> a</c><00:27:50.920><c> half</c><00:27:51.019><c> by</c><00:27:51.279><c> fourteen</c><00:27:51.779><c> piece</c><00:27:52.059><c> of</c><00:27:52.220><c> paper</c><00:27:52.559><c> in</c><00:27:53.220><c> French.</c>

00:27:54.940 --> 00:28:00.539
So<00:27:55.079><c> in</c><00:27:55.220><c> other</c><00:27:55.400><c> words</c><00:27:55.980><c> there's</c><00:27:56.660><c> not</c><00:27:56.920><c> always</c><00:27:57.480><c> one</c><00:27:57.940><c> for</c><00:27:58.359><c> one</c><00:27:59.759><c> word</c>

00:28:00.539 --> 00:28:03.759
for<00:28:00.980><c> word</c><00:28:01.500><c> translations</c><00:28:02.480><c> available.</c>

00:28:04.460 --> 00:28:07.160
We<00:28:04.619><c> like</c><00:28:04.960><c> to</c><00:28:05.180><c> do</c><00:28:05.319><c> that.</c><00:28:05.599><c> We</c><00:28:05.660><c> like</c><00:28:05.859><c> to</c><00:28:06.140><c> stay</c><00:28:06.279><c> as</c><00:28:06.559><c> close</c><00:28:06.740><c> as</c><00:28:06.900><c> we</c>

00:28:07.160 --> 00:28:07.960
possibly<00:28:07.579><c> can.</c>

00:28:08.319 --> 00:28:12.960
But<00:28:08.640><c> that</c><00:28:09.420><c> sometimes</c><00:28:09.960><c> is</c><00:28:10.200><c> just</c><00:28:10.440><c> not</c><00:28:10.660><c> available</c><00:28:11.059><c> to</c><00:28:11.259><c> us</c><00:28:11.480><c> in</c><00:28:11.839><c> translation</c><00:28:12.380><c> from</c><00:28:12.720><c> one</c>

00:28:12.960 --> 00:28:14.599
language<00:28:13.440><c> to</c><00:28:13.740><c> another.</c>

00:28:14.680 --> 00:28:18.140
I'd<00:28:15.240><c> like</c><00:28:15.299><c> to</c><00:28:15.599><c> share</c><00:28:15.839><c> with</c><00:28:16.240><c> you</c><00:28:16.460><c> one</c><00:28:16.700><c> example</c><00:28:17.240><c> in</c><00:28:17.519><c> this</c><00:28:17.880><c> from</c>

00:28:18.140 --> 00:28:19.519
the<00:28:18.440><c> French</c>

00:28:20.700 --> 00:28:25.519
that<00:28:21.259><c> also</c><00:28:21.819><c> tells</c><00:28:22.480><c> you</c><00:28:22.700><c> some</c><00:28:22.920><c> of</c><00:28:23.099><c> the</c><00:28:23.500><c> translating</c><00:28:24.220><c> challenges</c><00:28:25.140><c> that</c><00:28:25.359><c> we</c>

00:28:25.519 --> 00:28:26.200
come<00:28:25.700><c> across.</c>

00:28:26.640 --> 00:28:29.759
We<00:28:26.680><c> were</c><00:28:26.920><c> involved</c><00:28:27.200><c> in</c><00:28:27.859><c> a</c><00:28:28.099><c> project</c><00:28:28.460><c> recently</c><00:28:28.960><c> that</c><00:28:29.259><c> was</c><00:28:29.539><c> there</c>

00:28:29.759 --> 00:28:32.579
to<00:28:30.039><c> evaluate</c><00:28:30.420><c> all</c><00:28:30.680><c> the</c><00:28:30.960><c> colleges</c><00:28:31.299><c> in</c><00:28:31.519><c> Ontario.</c>

00:28:32.720 --> 00:28:35.339
And<00:28:32.880><c> based</c><00:28:33.099><c> on</c><00:28:33.299><c> this</c><00:28:33.519><c> evaluation</c><00:28:34.160><c> that</c><00:28:34.640><c> students</c><00:28:34.940><c> would</c><00:28:35.140><c> fill</c>

00:28:35.339 --> 00:28:39.180
out<00:28:35.539><c> these</c><00:28:35.759><c> surveys</c><00:28:36.319><c> the</c><00:28:37.180><c> colleges</c><00:28:37.640><c> would</c><00:28:37.920><c> be</c><00:28:38.200><c> funded.</c>

00:28:39.519 --> 00:28:42.000
This<00:28:39.700><c> is</c><00:28:39.839><c> a</c><00:28:39.839><c> very</c><00:28:40.160><c> important</c><00:28:40.599><c> survey</c><00:28:40.980><c> and</c><00:28:41.079><c> you'd</c><00:28:41.319><c> want</c><00:28:41.420><c> to</c><00:28:41.559><c> make</c><00:28:41.680><c> sure</c><00:28:41.839><c> the</c>

00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:43.039
English<00:28:42.240><c> matched</c><00:28:42.539><c> the</c><00:28:42.799><c> French</c>

00:28:43.039 --> 00:28:47.759
so<00:28:43.279><c> that</c><00:28:44.200><c> no</c><00:28:44.819><c> French</c><00:28:45.079><c> or</c><00:28:45.299><c> English</c><00:28:45.660><c> college</c><00:28:46.119><c> was</c><00:28:46.420><c> disadvantaged.</c>

00:28:48.220 --> 00:28:51.119
And<00:28:48.440><c> so</c><00:28:48.599><c> we</c><00:28:48.779><c> had</c><00:28:49.019><c> this</c><00:28:49.259><c> particular</c><00:28:50.059><c> English</c><00:28:50.759><c> segment.</c>

00:28:51.200 --> 00:28:54.059
This<00:28:51.339><c> is</c><00:28:51.559><c> one</c><00:28:51.720><c> overhead</c><00:28:51.920><c> you</c><00:28:52.119><c> don't</c><00:28:52.339><c> have</c><00:28:52.660><c> and</c><00:28:53.140><c> you</c><00:28:53.259><c> don't</c><00:28:53.380><c> really</c><00:28:53.619><c> need</c><00:28:53.859><c> in</c>

00:28:54.059 --> 00:28:54.759
your<00:28:54.319><c> package.</c>

00:28:55.140 --> 00:28:58.960
It<00:28:55.220><c> says</c><00:28:55.299><c> overall</c><00:28:55.779><c> this</c><00:28:56.099><c> program</c><00:28:56.559><c> provides</c><00:28:57.019><c> me</c><00:28:57.259><c> with</c><00:28:57.460><c> learning</c><00:28:57.700><c> experiences</c><00:28:58.240><c> that</c><00:28:58.480><c> will</c><00:28:58.660><c> be</c>

00:28:58.960 --> 00:29:01.200
valuable<00:28:59.359><c> in</c><00:28:59.579><c> my</c><00:28:59.880><c> future</c><00:29:00.200><c> employment.</c>

00:29:01.519 --> 00:29:05.680
So<00:29:01.740><c> we</c><00:29:01.960><c> gave</c><00:29:02.220><c> that</c><00:29:02.660><c> to</c><00:29:03.420><c> a</c><00:29:03.819><c> professional</c><00:29:04.339><c> translation</c><00:29:05.019><c> company</c>

00:29:05.680 --> 00:29:08.940
and<00:29:06.220><c> then</c><00:29:06.420><c> also</c><00:29:07.079><c> to</c><00:29:07.599><c> the</c><00:29:07.839><c> college</c><00:29:08.200><c> themselves.</c>

00:29:08.940 --> 00:29:14.900
The<00:29:10.140><c> professional</c><00:29:11.559><c> translation</c><00:29:13.140><c> company</c><00:29:13.920><c> translated</c><00:29:14.759><c> it</c>

00:29:14.900 --> 00:29:19.589
with<00:29:15.240><c> these</c><00:29:15.579><c> words</c><00:29:16.319><c> which</c><00:29:17.559><c> mean</c><00:29:17.880><c> very</c><00:29:18.720><c> useful.</c>

00:29:20.480 --> 00:29:22.579
They<00:29:20.519><c> didn't</c><00:29:20.680><c> have</c><00:29:20.859><c> a</c><00:29:21.019><c> word</c><00:29:21.160><c> to</c><00:29:21.319><c> match</c><00:29:21.559><c> valuable</c><00:29:22.099><c> so</c><00:29:22.299><c> they</c>

00:29:22.579 --> 00:29:24.720
chose<00:29:22.920><c> very</c><00:29:23.500><c> useful.</c>

00:29:25.740 --> 00:29:29.759
The<00:29:25.960><c> college,</c><00:29:27.019><c> the</c><00:29:27.119><c> French</c><00:29:27.400><c> college</c><00:29:27.839><c> chose</c><00:29:28.299><c> useful.</c>

00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:36.720
So<00:29:31.279><c> when</c><00:29:31.680><c> it</c><00:29:32.039><c> came</c><00:29:32.240><c> around</c><00:29:32.619><c> to</c><00:29:32.960><c> evaluating</c><00:29:33.819><c> the</c><00:29:34.599><c> college</c><00:29:35.220><c> this</c>

00:29:36.720 --> 00:29:38.559
one<00:29:36.940><c> would</c><00:29:37.160><c> certainly</c><00:29:37.440><c> be</c><00:29:37.660><c> to</c><00:29:37.740><c> their</c><00:29:37.980><c> advantage.</c>

00:29:38.559 --> 00:29:42.920
Students<00:29:39.380><c> would</c><00:29:39.660><c> give</c><00:29:39.920><c> them</c><00:29:40.519><c> a</c><00:29:40.759><c> higher</c><00:29:41.019><c> rating</c><00:29:41.299><c> in</c><00:29:41.460><c> terms</c><00:29:41.799><c> of</c>

00:29:42.920 --> 00:29:46.259
simply<00:29:43.220><c> the</c><00:29:43.960><c> program</c><00:29:44.359><c> learning</c><00:29:45.599><c> experiences</c>

00:29:46.259 --> 00:29:50.420
being<00:29:46.799><c> of</c><00:29:47.500><c> a</c><00:29:47.920><c> high</c><00:29:48.119><c> level</c><00:29:48.480><c> of</c><00:29:49.200><c> quality</c><00:29:49.420><c> or</c><00:29:49.680><c> useful</c><00:29:50.039><c> in</c><00:29:50.180><c> their</c>

00:29:50.420 --> 00:29:51.859
future<00:29:50.740><c> employment.</c>

00:29:52.500 --> 00:29:57.839
Now<00:29:52.559><c> when</c><00:29:52.640><c> I</c><00:29:52.799><c> look</c><00:29:53.039><c> at</c><00:29:53.160><c> it</c><00:29:53.339><c> I</c><00:29:53.339><c> say</c><00:29:53.940><c> very</c><00:29:54.759><c> useful</c><00:29:55.519><c> is</c><00:29:56.519><c> maybe</c><00:29:56.799><c> stronger</c><00:29:57.440><c> than</c>

00:29:57.839 --> 00:30:01.180
valuable<00:29:58.299><c> and</c><00:29:58.599><c> useful</c><00:29:59.019><c> is</c><00:29:59.279><c> not</c><00:29:59.480><c> as</c><00:29:59.759><c> strong</c><00:29:59.920><c> as</c><00:30:00.200><c> valuable.</c>

00:30:01.599 --> 00:30:04.019
There's<00:30:01.839><c> the</c><00:30:02.160><c> challenge</c><00:30:02.759><c> that</c><00:30:03.059><c> we</c><00:30:03.319><c> have</c><00:30:03.440><c> and</c><00:30:03.519><c> I</c><00:30:03.680><c> was</c><00:30:03.799><c> looking</c>

00:30:04.019 --> 00:30:05.160
at<00:30:04.119><c> it</c><00:30:04.220><c> from</c><00:30:04.339><c> this</c><00:30:04.519><c> point</c><00:30:04.759><c> of</c><00:30:04.920><c> view</c>

00:30:05.160 --> 00:30:07.339
and<00:30:05.440><c> then</c><00:30:05.440><c> you've</c><00:30:05.680><c> got</c><00:30:05.759><c> these</c><00:30:06.039><c> other</c><00:30:06.420><c> two</c><00:30:06.680><c> players</c><00:30:07.019><c> there</c><00:30:07.279><c> and</c>

00:30:07.339 --> 00:30:11.380
I<00:30:07.420><c> don't</c><00:30:07.599><c> know</c><00:30:07.759><c> French</c><00:30:08.279><c> or</c><00:30:08.680><c> any</c><00:30:08.880><c> other</c><00:30:09.140><c> language</c><00:30:09.740><c> and</c><00:30:10.660><c> we're</c>

00:30:11.380 --> 00:30:12.380
in<00:30:11.519><c> this</c><00:30:11.740><c> situation.</c>

00:30:12.660 --> 00:30:16.480
And<00:30:12.660><c> fortunately</c><00:30:13.279><c> we</c><00:30:14.279><c> were</c><00:30:14.460><c> able</c><00:30:14.680><c> to</c><00:30:14.880><c> take</c><00:30:15.079><c> a</c><00:30:15.299><c> route</c><00:30:15.579><c> that's</c><00:30:16.420><c> a</c>

00:30:16.480 --> 00:30:17.559
bit<00:30:16.599><c> of</c><00:30:16.819><c> cheating.</c>

00:30:17.619 --> 00:30:20.619
When<00:30:17.720><c> it</c><00:30:17.839><c> comes</c><00:30:18.240><c> to</c><00:30:18.900><c> Bible</c><00:30:19.200><c> translation</c><00:30:19.740><c> you</c><00:30:19.920><c> simply</c><00:30:20.259><c> can't</c>

00:30:20.619 --> 00:30:21.000
do<00:30:20.759><c> it.</c>

00:30:21.119 --> 00:30:24.460
We<00:30:21.319><c> simply</c><00:30:21.720><c> went</c><00:30:21.859><c> with</c><00:30:22.079><c> the</c><00:30:22.240><c> word</c><00:30:22.599><c> useful</c><00:30:23.140><c> and</c><00:30:23.519><c> got</c><00:30:23.619><c> rid</c><00:30:23.799><c> of</c><00:30:24.019><c> valuable.</c>

00:30:24.859 --> 00:30:27.420
And<00:30:25.180><c> so</c><00:30:25.339><c> we</c><00:30:25.420><c> could</c><00:30:25.579><c> use</c><00:30:25.779><c> useful</c><00:30:26.180><c> in</c><00:30:26.359><c> English</c><00:30:26.599><c> and</c><00:30:26.819><c> useful</c><00:30:27.160><c> in</c>

00:30:27.420 --> 00:30:30.019
French<00:30:27.779><c> and</c><00:30:28.180><c> that</c><00:30:28.460><c> was</c><00:30:29.039><c> that</c><00:30:29.579><c> over</c><00:30:29.819><c> with.</c>

00:30:30.019 --> 00:30:36.059
But<00:30:30.299><c> of</c><00:30:30.460><c> course</c><00:30:30.819><c> in</c><00:30:31.019><c> Bible</c><00:30:32.339><c> translation</c><00:30:33.319><c> you</c><00:30:33.680><c> don't</c><00:30:33.960><c> have</c><00:30:34.599><c> that</c><00:30:34.940><c> option</c><00:30:35.539><c> of</c>

00:30:36.059 --> 00:30:39.099
just<00:30:36.380><c> translating</c><00:30:37.039><c> of</c><00:30:37.539><c> just</c><00:30:37.839><c> changing</c><00:30:38.299><c> the</c><00:30:38.619><c> original.</c>

00:30:39.519 --> 00:30:42.180
You<00:30:39.759><c> have</c><00:30:39.960><c> to</c><00:30:40.140><c> continue</c><00:30:40.519><c> to</c><00:30:40.700><c> do</c><00:30:40.779><c> your</c><00:30:41.039><c> best</c><00:30:41.460><c> in</c><00:30:41.740><c> finding</c><00:30:41.900><c> the</c>

00:30:42.180 --> 00:30:46.759
word<00:30:42.460><c> or</c><00:30:42.660><c> the</c><00:30:42.859><c> two</c><00:30:43.039><c> words</c><00:30:43.559><c> that</c><00:30:44.119><c> will</c><00:30:44.400><c> best</c><00:30:45.220><c> translate</c><00:30:46.259><c> that</c>

00:30:46.759 --> 00:30:48.019
particular<00:30:47.359><c> passage.</c>

00:30:48.019 --> 00:30:57.779
Now<00:30:48.420><c> I'm</c><00:30:50.599><c> going</c><00:30:50.880><c> to</c><00:30:51.119><c> skip</c><00:30:51.500><c> to</c><00:30:52.099><c> this</c><00:30:53.000><c> particular</c><00:30:53.619><c> overhead</c><00:30:54.200><c> which</c><00:30:55.200><c> deals</c><00:30:55.680><c> with</c><00:30:56.759><c> some</c><00:30:57.119><c> issues</c><00:30:57.460><c> on</c>

00:30:57.779 --> 00:31:00.720
translation<00:30:58.359><c> which</c><00:30:58.599><c> I</c><00:30:58.779><c> think</c><00:30:58.980><c> are</c><00:30:59.140><c> very</c><00:30:59.480><c> helpful.</c>

00:31:01.880 --> 00:31:08.180
It<00:31:01.940><c> says</c><00:31:02.420><c> the</c><00:31:02.700><c> two</c><00:31:03.039><c> languages</c><00:31:03.779><c> also</c><00:31:05.140><c> differ</c><00:31:05.559><c> in</c><00:31:05.799><c> their</c><00:31:06.220><c> complexity</c><00:31:07.099><c> and</c>

00:31:08.180 --> 00:31:12.859
flexibility<00:31:09.200><c> talking</c><00:31:10.579><c> about</c><00:31:11.200><c> English</c><00:31:11.720><c> and</c><00:31:12.180><c> Hebrew.</c>

00:31:12.859 --> 00:31:18.039
Hebrew<00:31:13.940><c> is</c><00:31:14.140><c> an</c><00:31:14.339><c> ancient</c><00:31:14.859><c> tongue</c><00:31:15.259><c> and</c><00:31:15.579><c> as</c><00:31:15.759><c> such</c><00:31:15.920><c> is</c><00:31:16.200><c> rather</c><00:31:16.559><c> concrete</c><00:31:17.259><c> in</c><00:31:17.720><c> tone.</c>

00:31:18.420 --> 00:31:21.440
What<00:31:18.599><c> it</c><00:31:18.779><c> says,</c><00:31:19.220><c> it</c><00:31:19.420><c> says</c><00:31:19.839><c> and</c><00:31:20.099><c> it</c><00:31:20.259><c> does</c><00:31:20.480><c> not</c><00:31:20.660><c> contain</c><00:31:21.019><c> nearly</c>

00:31:21.440 --> 00:31:24.279
the<00:31:21.680><c> same</c><00:31:21.839><c> ability</c><00:31:22.200><c> to</c><00:31:22.460><c> express</c><00:31:22.819><c> subtle</c><00:31:23.140><c> nuances</c><00:31:23.660><c> and</c><00:31:24.039><c> shades</c>

00:31:24.279 --> 00:31:27.220
of<00:31:24.559><c> meaning</c><00:31:24.839><c> as</c><00:31:25.539><c> either</c><00:31:25.839><c> English</c><00:31:26.140><c> or</c><00:31:26.380><c> Greek.</c>

00:31:27.259 --> 00:31:32.180
Often<00:31:27.599><c> one</c><00:31:27.799><c> is</c><00:31:28.039><c> left</c><00:31:28.180><c> with</c><00:31:28.400><c> a</c><00:31:28.519><c> number</c><00:31:28.720><c> of</c><00:31:29.019><c> possible</c><00:31:29.420><c> renderings</c><00:31:29.880><c> or</c><00:31:30.140><c> particular</c><00:31:30.700><c> Hebrew</c><00:31:31.119><c> phrases.</c>

00:31:32.579 --> 00:31:36.299
The<00:31:32.740><c> language</c><00:31:33.059><c> simply</c><00:31:33.460><c> does</c><00:31:33.799><c> not</c><00:31:34.059><c> narrow</c><00:31:34.440><c> down</c><00:31:34.740><c> the</c><00:31:35.059><c> possibilities</c><00:31:35.740><c> as</c><00:31:36.079><c> well</c>

00:31:36.299 --> 00:31:37.400
as<00:31:36.480><c> modern</c><00:31:36.799><c> tongues.</c>

00:31:37.400 --> 00:31:42.480
Greek<00:31:38.660><c> on</c><00:31:39.079><c> the</c><00:31:39.240><c> other</c><00:31:39.539><c> hand</c><00:31:40.119><c> far</c><00:31:40.500><c> exceeds</c><00:31:41.079><c> English</c><00:31:41.519><c> in</c><00:31:41.680><c> its</c><00:31:41.859><c> ability</c><00:31:42.200><c> to</c>

00:31:42.480 --> 00:31:46.140
convey<00:31:42.839><c> intricate</c><00:31:43.420><c> meanings</c><00:31:43.880><c> and</c><00:31:44.099><c> delicate</c><00:31:44.579><c> turns</c><00:31:44.980><c> of</c><00:31:45.259><c> thought.</c>

00:31:47.140 --> 00:31:50.440
This<00:31:47.299><c> same</c><00:31:47.579><c> ability</c><00:31:47.940><c> makes</c><00:31:48.259><c> it</c><00:31:48.480><c> possible</c><00:31:48.980><c> to</c><00:31:49.319><c> narrow</c><00:31:49.579><c> the</c><00:31:49.819><c> spectrum</c><00:31:50.140><c> of</c>

00:31:50.440 --> 00:31:54.099
possible<00:31:50.920><c> English</c><00:31:51.380><c> translations</c><00:31:52.059><c> to</c><00:31:52.839><c> a</c><00:31:53.000><c> much</c><00:31:53.259><c> greater</c><00:31:53.559><c> degree</c><00:31:53.880><c> than</c>

00:31:54.099 --> 00:31:55.779
that<00:31:54.440><c> seen</c><00:31:54.539><c> in</c><00:31:54.779><c> Hebrew.</c>

00:31:56.019 --> 00:32:03.099
Greek<00:31:56.680><c> is</c><00:31:57.640><c> a</c><00:31:57.859><c> more</c><00:31:58.259><c> technical</c><00:31:58.779><c> language,</c><00:31:59.380><c> a</c><00:31:59.460><c> more</c><00:31:59.799><c> precise</c><00:32:00.279><c> language</c><00:32:00.740><c> than</c><00:32:01.019><c> either</c><00:32:01.579><c> Hebrew</c><00:32:02.059><c> or</c><00:32:02.480><c> English.</c>

00:32:03.099 --> 00:32:06.220
Now<00:32:03.920><c> there's</c><00:32:04.180><c> a</c><00:32:04.319><c> thought</c><00:32:04.619><c> I</c><00:32:04.740><c> think</c><00:32:04.960><c> we</c><00:32:05.099><c> can</c><00:32:05.299><c> take</c><00:32:05.539><c> with</c><00:32:05.799><c> us</c><00:32:06.079><c> in</c>

00:32:06.220 --> 00:32:09.559
our<00:32:06.440><c> Bible</c><00:32:06.819><c> study</c><00:32:07.400><c> and</c><00:32:07.859><c> all</c><00:32:08.140><c> of</c><00:32:08.319><c> our</c><00:32:08.500><c> word</c><00:32:08.759><c> studies</c><00:32:09.099><c> to</c><00:32:09.279><c> keep</c>

00:32:09.559 --> 00:32:12.519
that<00:32:09.839><c> in</c><00:32:09.900><c> mind</c><00:32:10.519><c> that</c><00:32:10.960><c> you've</c><00:32:11.220><c> got</c><00:32:11.440><c> Hebrew</c><00:32:11.819><c> here,</c>

00:32:12.640 --> 00:32:17.799
English<00:32:13.200><c> and</c><00:32:13.819><c> then</c><00:32:14.240><c> Greek</c><00:32:14.579><c> as</c><00:32:14.900><c> it</c><00:32:15.279><c> relates</c><00:32:15.640><c> to</c><00:32:16.359><c> the</c><00:32:16.559><c> precision</c>

00:32:17.799 --> 00:32:21.960
and<00:32:18.779><c> the</c><00:32:19.319><c> number</c><00:32:19.579><c> of</c><00:32:19.799><c> words</c><00:32:20.160><c> and</c><00:32:20.339><c> the</c><00:32:20.579><c> shades</c><00:32:20.819><c> of</c><00:32:21.099><c> meaning</c><00:32:21.359><c> that</c><00:32:21.619><c> can</c>

00:32:21.960 --> 00:32:22.960
be<00:32:22.339><c> conveyed.</c>

00:32:23.319 --> 00:32:24.500
That's<00:32:23.559><c> a</c><00:32:23.700><c> helpful</c><00:32:24.019><c> thought.</c>

00:32:24.500 --> 00:32:27.619
So<00:32:25.039><c> that's</c><00:32:25.279><c> quite</c><00:32:25.579><c> often</c><00:32:25.859><c> why</c><00:32:26.119><c> when</c><00:32:26.240><c> you</c><00:32:26.380><c> go</c><00:32:26.539><c> to</c><00:32:26.660><c> the</c><00:32:26.799><c> Hebrew</c><00:32:27.019><c> you've</c><00:32:27.279><c> got</c><00:32:27.440><c> a</c>

00:32:27.619 --> 00:32:31.680
word<00:32:27.900><c> that</c><00:32:28.940><c> really</c><00:32:29.259><c> you</c><00:32:29.420><c> need</c><00:32:29.539><c> the</c><00:32:29.859><c> context</c><00:32:30.400><c> to</c><00:32:31.039><c> know</c><00:32:31.400><c> whether</c>

00:32:31.680 --> 00:32:34.859
or<00:32:31.779><c> not</c><00:32:31.839><c> to</c><00:32:31.980><c> use</c><00:32:32.079><c> this</c><00:32:32.319><c> English</c><00:32:32.779><c> word</c><00:32:32.980><c> to</c><00:32:33.099><c> go</c><00:32:33.240><c> this</c><00:32:33.579><c> way</c><00:32:33.779><c> or</c><00:32:33.920><c> this</c><00:32:34.160><c> English</c><00:32:34.500><c> word</c><00:32:34.700><c> to</c>

00:32:34.859 --> 00:32:35.779
go<00:32:34.980><c> that</c><00:32:35.319><c> way.</c>

00:32:36.140 --> 00:32:39.200
I<00:32:36.160><c> could</c><00:32:36.299><c> give</c><00:32:36.440><c> you</c><00:32:36.539><c> a</c><00:32:36.579><c> number</c><00:32:36.759><c> of</c><00:32:36.880><c> examples</c><00:32:37.259><c> but</c><00:32:37.440><c> I</c><00:32:37.640><c> won't</c><00:32:38.180><c> bother</c><00:32:38.539><c> with</c><00:32:38.940><c> the</c>

00:32:39.200 --> 00:32:42.019
time<00:32:39.380><c> at</c><00:32:39.579><c> this</c><00:32:39.819><c> stage</c><00:32:40.079><c> but</c><00:32:40.519><c> that</c><00:32:40.799><c> is</c><00:32:41.000><c> something</c><00:32:41.319><c> when</c><00:32:41.480><c> you're</c>

00:32:42.019 --> 00:32:44.299
looking<00:32:42.279><c> at</c><00:32:42.539><c> Hebrew</c><00:32:42.759><c> words</c><00:32:43.039><c> you</c><00:32:43.160><c> will</c><00:32:43.440><c> see.</c>

00:32:44.460 --> 00:32:49.740
The<00:32:45.059><c> other</c><00:32:45.299><c> hand</c><00:32:45.759><c> when</c><00:32:46.079><c> you</c><00:32:46.220><c> go</c><00:32:46.599><c> to</c><00:32:47.480><c> the</c><00:32:47.599><c> Greek</c><00:32:48.240><c> you</c><00:32:48.599><c> find</c><00:32:49.359><c> that</c>

00:32:49.740 --> 00:32:52.240
there<00:32:49.880><c> are</c><00:32:50.640><c> a</c><00:32:50.799><c> multiplicity</c><00:32:51.700><c> of</c><00:32:51.960><c> words.</c>

00:32:52.380 --> 00:32:54.799
I<00:32:52.380><c> guess</c><00:32:52.700><c> a</c><00:32:52.880><c> simple</c><00:32:53.200><c> example</c><00:32:53.640><c> on</c><00:32:53.799><c> this</c><00:32:54.099><c> one</c><00:32:54.279><c> that</c><00:32:54.380><c> we're</c><00:32:54.599><c> all</c>

00:32:54.799 --> 00:32:58.960
familiar<00:32:55.119><c> with</c><00:32:55.380><c> is</c><00:32:55.559><c> like</c><00:32:55.859><c> love</c><00:32:56.220><c> and</c><00:32:56.460><c> having</c><00:32:56.900><c> agape</c><00:32:57.559><c> and</c><00:32:57.900><c> phileo.</c>

00:32:59.180 --> 00:33:01.579
There<00:32:59.400><c> are</c><00:32:59.980><c> different</c><00:33:00.039><c> shades</c><00:33:00.500><c> of</c><00:33:00.740><c> meaning</c><00:33:00.960><c> there</c><00:33:01.240><c> where</c><00:33:01.400><c> we</c>

00:33:01.579 --> 00:33:03.619
have<00:33:01.819><c> basically</c><00:33:02.359><c> this</c><00:33:02.740><c> one</c><00:33:03.160><c> word.</c>

00:33:03.619 --> 00:33:09.220
So<00:33:04.740><c> in</c><00:33:05.299><c> the</c><00:33:05.500><c> Hebrew</c><00:33:05.759><c> it's</c><00:33:06.140><c> harder</c><00:33:06.500><c> to</c><00:33:07.220><c> know</c><00:33:07.660><c> the</c><00:33:07.940><c> word</c><00:33:08.200><c> to</c><00:33:08.559><c> use</c>

00:33:09.220 --> 00:33:13.390
but<00:33:10.220><c> it's</c><00:33:10.460><c> easier</c><00:33:10.779><c> to</c><00:33:11.140><c> find</c><00:33:11.660><c> an</c><00:33:12.240><c> English</c><00:33:12.559><c> word.</c>

00:33:13.700 --> 00:33:17.720
In<00:33:13.900><c> the</c><00:33:14.180><c> Greek</c><00:33:14.599><c> it's</c><00:33:15.539><c> easier</c><00:33:15.940><c> to</c><00:33:16.160><c> know</c><00:33:16.339><c> but</c><00:33:16.559><c> harder</c><00:33:16.900><c> to</c><00:33:17.240><c> find</c>

00:33:17.720 --> 00:33:20.759
an<00:33:18.259><c> English</c><00:33:18.579><c> word</c><00:33:18.779><c> or</c><00:33:18.900><c> at</c><00:33:19.000><c> least</c><00:33:19.119><c> to</c><00:33:19.339><c> be</c><00:33:19.500><c> consistent</c><00:33:20.140><c> and</c><00:33:20.460><c> to</c>

00:33:20.759 --> 00:33:23.000
differentiate<00:33:21.579><c> one</c><00:33:22.039><c> word</c><00:33:22.400><c> to</c><00:33:22.660><c> another.</c>

00:33:23.500 --> 00:33:26.319
So<00:33:23.660><c> that</c><00:33:23.819><c> might</c><00:33:23.980><c> be</c><00:33:24.180><c> a</c><00:33:24.299><c> helpful</c><00:33:24.559><c> thing</c><00:33:24.859><c> we</c><00:33:25.019><c> can</c><00:33:25.240><c> take</c><00:33:25.440><c> with</c><00:33:25.680><c> us</c>

00:33:26.319 --> 00:33:28.940
in<00:33:26.700><c> our</c><00:33:27.579><c> Bible</c><00:33:27.920><c> study.</c>

00:33:29.460 --> 00:33:35.559
Now<00:33:30.019><c> there's</c><00:33:30.279><c> another</c><00:33:30.839><c> issue</c><00:33:31.380><c> that's</c><00:33:32.059><c> relevant</c><00:33:32.380><c> here</c><00:33:33.279><c> and</c><00:33:35.000><c> that</c><00:33:35.259><c> is</c>

00:33:35.559 --> 00:33:39.759
in<00:33:35.720><c> our</c><00:33:36.119><c> study</c><00:33:36.339><c> and</c><00:33:36.559><c> in</c><00:33:36.720><c> our</c><00:33:37.079><c> translation</c><00:33:37.720><c> we</c><00:33:39.019><c> have</c><00:33:39.319><c> in</c><00:33:39.559><c> many</c>

00:33:39.759 --> 00:33:41.519
cases,<00:33:40.519><c> and</c><00:33:40.940><c> we'll</c><00:33:41.140><c> read</c><00:33:41.319><c> it,</c>

00:33:41.579 --> 00:33:43.920
there<00:33:41.640><c> be</c><00:33:41.779><c> many</c><00:33:42.079><c> words</c><00:33:42.460><c> in</c><00:33:42.640><c> the</c><00:33:42.799><c> scriptures</c><00:33:43.099><c> which</c><00:33:43.400><c> be</c><00:33:43.579><c> never</c>

00:33:43.920 --> 00:33:47.539
found<00:33:44.299><c> there</c><00:33:44.539><c> but</c><00:33:44.779><c> once,</c><00:33:45.960><c> having</c><00:33:46.099><c> neither</c><00:33:46.420><c> brother</c><00:33:46.759><c> or</c><00:33:47.019><c> neighbor</c><00:33:47.299><c> as</c>

00:33:47.539 --> 00:33:48.599
the<00:33:47.799><c> Hebrews</c><00:33:48.039><c> speak,</c>

00:33:48.920 --> 00:33:51.740
so<00:33:49.119><c> that</c><00:33:49.220><c> we</c><00:33:49.420><c> cannot</c><00:33:49.700><c> be</c><00:33:50.019><c> hopin'</c><00:33:50.279><c> by</c><00:33:50.559><c> conference</c><00:33:51.019><c> of</c><00:33:51.319><c> places.</c>

00:33:51.740 --> 00:33:55.720
Again,<00:33:52.759><c> there</c><00:33:52.839><c> be</c><00:33:53.039><c> many</c><00:33:53.359><c> rare</c><00:33:53.660><c> name</c><00:33:54.000><c> of</c><00:33:54.220><c> certain</c><00:33:54.579><c> birds,</c><00:33:55.180><c> beasts,</c><00:33:55.619><c> and</c>

00:33:55.720 --> 00:33:58.880
precious<00:33:56.119><c> stones</c><00:33:56.680><c> concerning</c><00:33:57.440><c> the</c><00:33:57.640><c> Hebrews</c><00:33:57.980><c> themselves</c>

00:33:58.880 --> 00:34:01.819
are<00:33:59.339><c> so</c><00:33:59.619><c> divided</c><00:33:59.980><c> amongst</c><00:34:00.299><c> themselves</c><00:34:00.799><c> for</c><00:34:01.059><c> judgment</c><00:34:01.539><c> that</c>

00:34:01.819 --> 00:34:05.859
they<00:34:02.019><c> may</c><00:34:02.299><c> seem</c><00:34:02.480><c> to</c><00:34:02.599><c> have</c><00:34:02.740><c> defined</c><00:34:03.059><c> this</c><00:34:03.319><c> or</c><00:34:03.500><c> that</c><00:34:04.019><c> rather</c><00:34:04.319><c> because</c><00:34:04.640><c> they</c><00:34:04.759><c> would</c><00:34:04.940><c> say</c><00:34:05.200><c> something</c>

00:34:05.859 --> 00:34:08.739
than<00:34:06.319><c> because</c><00:34:06.680><c> they</c><00:34:06.819><c> were</c><00:34:07.019><c> sure</c><00:34:07.299><c> of</c><00:34:07.660><c> that</c><00:34:07.859><c> which</c><00:34:08.079><c> they</c><00:34:08.380><c> said</c>

00:34:08.739 --> 00:34:11.719
as<00:34:09.099><c> St.</c><00:34:09.480><c> Jerome</c><00:34:09.719><c> somewhere</c><00:34:10.199><c> saith</c><00:34:10.420><c> to</c><00:34:10.659><c> the</c><00:34:10.760><c> Septuagint.</c>

00:34:11.719 --> 00:34:17.059
This<00:34:12.659><c> is</c><00:34:12.900><c> a</c><00:34:13.079><c> quote</c><00:34:13.280><c> which</c><00:34:14.300><c> I</c><00:34:16.000><c> think</c><00:34:16.159><c> we</c><00:34:16.320><c> should</c><00:34:16.500><c> take</c><00:34:16.739><c> in</c><00:34:16.820><c> the</c>

00:34:17.059 --> 00:34:20.820
context<00:34:17.559><c> of</c><00:34:17.840><c> those</c><00:34:18.460><c> words</c><00:34:19.199><c> which</c><00:34:19.519><c> are</c><00:34:19.739><c> used</c><00:34:20.139><c> in</c><00:34:20.360><c> the</c><00:34:20.539><c> Hebrew</c>

00:34:20.820 --> 00:34:23.059
which<00:34:21.119><c> only</c><00:34:21.440><c> occur</c><00:34:21.880><c> once.</c>

00:34:23.139 --> 00:34:25.239
It<00:34:23.139><c> makes</c><00:34:23.360><c> it</c><00:34:23.480><c> very</c><00:34:23.800><c> difficult</c><00:34:24.380><c> because</c><00:34:24.619><c> you</c><00:34:24.760><c> have</c><00:34:24.980><c> nothing</c>

00:34:25.239 --> 00:34:28.679
to<00:34:25.500><c> compare</c><00:34:25.940><c> with</c><00:34:26.460><c> and</c><00:34:27.099><c> you'll</c><00:34:27.400><c> notice</c><00:34:27.739><c> especially</c><00:34:28.360><c> in</c>

00:34:28.679 --> 00:34:29.940
different<00:34:29.199><c> translations</c>

00:34:29.940 --> 00:34:32.639
when<00:34:30.119><c> it</c><00:34:30.280><c> comes</c><00:34:30.559><c> to</c><00:34:30.760><c> birds</c><00:34:31.119><c> and</c><00:34:31.360><c> animals</c><00:34:31.579><c> that</c><00:34:31.780><c> there</c><00:34:31.960><c> are</c>

00:34:32.639 --> 00:34:33.800
considerable<00:34:33.199><c> differences.</c>

00:34:33.880 --> 00:34:36.280
But<00:34:34.000><c> I</c><00:34:34.119><c> don't</c><00:34:34.260><c> think</c><00:34:34.380><c> those</c><00:34:34.679><c> are</c><00:34:34.820><c> the</c><00:34:35.059><c> kind</c><00:34:35.260><c> of</c><00:34:35.460><c> things</c><00:34:35.719><c> that</c>

00:34:36.280 --> 00:34:38.119
should<00:34:36.860><c> worry</c><00:34:37.199><c> us</c><00:34:37.559><c> tremendously.</c>

00:34:38.119 --> 00:34:43.099
I<00:34:38.239><c> know</c><00:34:38.400><c> we</c><00:34:38.579><c> all</c><00:34:38.820><c> want</c><00:34:39.079><c> to</c><00:34:39.159><c> have</c><00:34:39.840><c> absolute</c><00:34:40.840><c> perfection</c><00:34:41.619><c> here</c><00:34:42.340><c> but</c><00:34:42.920><c> I</c>

00:34:43.099 --> 00:34:46.000
think<00:34:43.280><c> we've</c><00:34:43.639><c> showed</c><00:34:43.780><c> as</c><00:34:44.300><c> we</c><00:34:44.699><c> did</c><00:34:44.960><c> in</c><00:34:45.159><c> our</c><00:34:45.360><c> first</c><00:34:45.599><c> session</c>

00:34:46.000 --> 00:34:51.659
that<00:34:46.539><c> in</c><00:34:47.039><c> a</c><00:34:47.280><c> very</c><00:34:47.539><c> practical</c><00:34:47.940><c> sense</c><00:34:48.260><c> we</c><00:34:48.460><c> have</c><00:34:48.840><c> the</c><00:34:49.099><c> kind</c><00:34:49.300><c> of</c><00:34:49.579><c> perfection</c><00:34:50.039><c> that</c><00:34:50.480><c> we</c><00:34:50.719><c> need.</c>

00:34:51.780 --> 00:34:58.679
You<00:34:51.820><c> will</c><00:34:52.179><c> find</c><00:34:52.539><c> differences</c><00:34:53.139><c> and</c><00:34:54.820><c> problems</c><00:34:55.480><c> arising</c><00:34:56.179><c> when</c><00:34:56.940><c> this</c><00:34:57.239><c> is</c><00:34:57.480><c> the</c><00:34:57.639><c> case,</c><00:34:58.019><c> when</c><00:34:58.159><c> you've</c><00:34:58.340><c> got</c><00:34:58.460><c> a</c>

00:34:58.679 --> 00:35:00.460
rare<00:34:59.019><c> bird</c><00:34:59.420><c> or</c><00:34:59.920><c> animal</c>

00:35:00.460 --> 00:35:03.920
or<00:35:00.920><c> you</c><00:35:01.079><c> have</c><00:35:01.340><c> only</c><00:35:01.719><c> one</c><00:35:01.960><c> occurrence</c><00:35:02.480><c> of</c><00:35:02.960><c> a</c><00:35:03.119><c> word.</c>

00:35:05.920 --> 00:35:12.059
Now<00:35:06.500><c> let's</c><00:35:07.079><c> finish</c><00:35:08.260><c> off</c><00:35:09.179><c> with</c><00:35:09.559><c> drawing</c><00:35:11.019><c> your</c><00:35:11.300><c> attention</c><00:35:11.800><c> to</c>

00:35:12.059 --> 00:35:14.360
this<00:35:12.519><c> particular</c><00:35:13.239><c> individual</c><00:35:13.760><c> here.</c>

00:35:14.619 --> 00:35:17.619
He's<00:35:14.880><c> not</c><00:35:15.019><c> as</c><00:35:15.219><c> well</c><00:35:15.440><c> known</c><00:35:15.719><c> as</c><00:35:15.860><c> some</c><00:35:16.039><c> of</c><00:35:16.199><c> the</c><00:35:16.340><c> others</c><00:35:16.579><c> that</c><00:35:16.820><c> we've</c><00:35:17.239><c> drawn</c><00:35:17.420><c> to</c>

00:35:17.619 --> 00:35:18.820
your<00:35:17.820><c> attention.</c>

00:35:18.940 --> 00:35:22.920
But<00:35:19.460><c> there's</c><00:35:20.119><c> a</c><00:35:20.239><c> good</c><00:35:20.440><c> example</c><00:35:21.000><c> in</c><00:35:21.219><c> this</c><00:35:21.480><c> particular</c><00:35:22.280><c> person,</c>

00:35:23.320 --> 00:35:26.179
in<00:35:23.460><c> what</c><00:35:23.639><c> they</c><00:35:23.880><c> did</c><00:35:24.380><c> and</c><00:35:24.860><c> in</c><00:35:25.159><c> their</c><00:35:25.400><c> conclusions.</c>

00:35:26.179 --> 00:35:33.300
This<00:35:27.400><c> particular</c><00:35:27.960><c> person</c><00:35:28.360><c> lived</c><00:35:28.739><c> 1856</c><00:35:29.900><c> to</c><00:35:30.320><c> 1930</c><00:35:31.340><c> and</c><00:35:32.260><c> it</c><00:35:32.539><c> says</c>

00:35:33.300 --> 00:35:34.559
of<00:35:34.320><c> him,</c>

00:35:34.880 --> 00:35:38.320
I<00:35:34.880><c> decided</c><00:35:35.559><c> and</c><00:35:35.980><c> I</c><00:35:36.179><c> did</c><00:35:36.320><c> it</c><00:35:36.460><c> with</c><00:35:36.679><c> prayer</c><00:35:37.000><c> to</c><00:35:37.300><c> consecrate</c><00:35:37.960><c> my</c>

00:35:38.320 --> 00:35:41.260
life<00:35:38.820><c> to</c><00:35:39.219><c> the</c><00:35:39.500><c> study</c><00:35:39.699><c> of</c><00:35:39.920><c> the</c><00:35:40.000><c> Old</c><00:35:40.260><c> Testament.</c>

00:35:41.280 --> 00:35:45.559
I<00:35:41.300><c> was</c><00:35:41.579><c> 25</c><00:35:42.260><c> then</c><00:35:42.679><c> and</c><00:35:43.219><c> I</c><00:35:43.480><c> judged</c><00:35:43.699><c> from</c><00:35:43.960><c> the</c><00:35:44.139><c> life</c><00:35:44.340><c> of</c><00:35:44.599><c> my</c><00:35:44.800><c> ancestors</c><00:35:45.219><c> that</c><00:35:45.420><c> I</c>

00:35:45.559 --> 00:35:46.820
should<00:35:45.699><c> live</c><00:35:45.880><c> to</c><00:35:46.059><c> be</c><00:35:46.340><c> 70</c>

00:35:46.820 --> 00:35:50.039
so<00:35:47.480><c> that</c><00:35:47.699><c> I</c><00:35:47.920><c> should</c><00:35:48.079><c> have</c><00:35:48.320><c> 45</c><00:35:48.940><c> years</c><00:35:49.360><c> to</c><00:35:49.679><c> work.</c>

00:35:50.159 --> 00:35:52.679
I<00:35:50.639><c> divided</c><00:35:50.960><c> the</c><00:35:51.199><c> period</c><00:35:51.539><c> into</c><00:35:51.820><c> three</c><00:35:52.139><c> parts.</c>

00:35:52.679 --> 00:35:56.880
The<00:35:53.159><c> first</c><00:35:53.500><c> 15</c><00:35:53.960><c> years</c><00:35:54.300><c> I</c><00:35:54.400><c> would</c><00:35:54.619><c> devote</c><00:35:54.920><c> to</c><00:35:55.119><c> the</c><00:35:55.280><c> study</c><00:35:55.420><c> of</c><00:35:55.679><c> language</c><00:35:56.019><c> as</c><00:35:56.280><c> necessary.</c>

00:35:57.360 --> 00:36:00.099
For<00:35:57.519><c> the</c><00:35:57.679><c> second</c><00:35:57.980><c> 15</c><00:35:58.320><c> I</c><00:35:58.440><c> was</c><00:35:58.679><c> going</c><00:35:58.820><c> to</c><00:35:59.039><c> devote</c><00:35:59.199><c> myself</c><00:35:59.739><c> to</c><00:35:59.940><c> the</c>

00:36:00.099 --> 00:36:02.440
study<00:36:00.239><c> of</c><00:36:00.480><c> the</c><00:36:00.639><c> text</c><00:36:00.880><c> of</c><00:36:01.079><c> the</c><00:36:01.179><c> Old</c><00:36:01.400><c> Testament.</c>

00:36:02.619 --> 00:36:05.699
And<00:36:02.800><c> I</c><00:36:03.019><c> reserved</c><00:36:03.239><c> the</c><00:36:03.400><c> last</c><00:36:03.760><c> 15</c><00:36:04.219><c> years</c><00:36:04.539><c> for</c><00:36:04.699><c> the</c><00:36:04.880><c> work</c><00:36:05.039><c> of</c><00:36:05.219><c> writing</c><00:36:05.480><c> the</c>

00:36:05.699 --> 00:36:08.639
results<00:36:06.079><c> of</c><00:36:06.579><c> my</c><00:36:06.880><c> previous</c><00:36:07.239><c> studies</c><00:36:07.579><c> and</c><00:36:07.860><c> investigations</c>

00:36:08.639 --> 00:36:10.880
so<00:36:09.380><c> as</c><00:36:09.599><c> to</c><00:36:09.699><c> give</c><00:36:09.880><c> them</c><00:36:10.099><c> to</c><00:36:10.280><c> the</c><00:36:10.519><c> world.</c>

00:36:11.199 --> 00:36:14.199
And<00:36:11.360><c> the</c><00:36:11.480><c> Lord</c><00:36:11.679><c> has</c><00:36:11.940><c> enabled</c><00:36:12.199><c> me</c><00:36:12.440><c> to</c><00:36:12.639><c> carry</c><00:36:12.780><c> out</c><00:36:12.980><c> that</c><00:36:13.239><c> plan</c><00:36:13.500><c> almost</c><00:36:13.980><c> to</c>

00:36:14.199 --> 00:36:14.760
a<00:36:14.400><c> year.</c>

00:36:14.760 --> 00:36:20.500
A<00:36:15.579><c> lot</c><00:36:15.840><c> of</c><00:36:16.019><c> foresight</c><00:36:16.659><c> on</c><00:36:17.119><c> that</c><00:36:17.340><c> 25</c><00:36:17.820><c>-year</c><00:36:18.119><c>-old</c><00:36:18.480><c> cutting</c><00:36:18.860><c> his</c><00:36:19.079><c> life</c><00:36:19.360><c> into</c><00:36:19.719><c> three</c><00:36:20.099><c> 15</c>

00:36:20.500 --> 00:36:23.199
-year<00:36:21.119><c> periods</c><00:36:21.579><c> and</c><00:36:21.739><c> going</c><00:36:22.039><c> about</c><00:36:22.400><c> that.</c>

00:36:23.519 --> 00:36:26.079
But<00:36:23.579><c> I</c><00:36:23.699><c> think,</c><00:36:24.440><c> again,</c><00:36:24.500><c> he</c><00:36:24.659><c> can</c><00:36:24.880><c> be</c><00:36:25.079><c> set</c><00:36:25.219><c> along</c><00:36:25.539><c> some</c><00:36:25.739><c> of</c><00:36:25.900><c> the</c>

00:36:26.079 --> 00:36:27.719
examples<00:36:26.500><c> that</c><00:36:26.659><c> we've</c><00:36:26.920><c> already</c><00:36:27.260><c> mentioned</c>

00:36:27.719 --> 00:36:32.679
in<00:36:27.860><c> terms</c><00:36:28.159><c> of</c><00:36:28.300><c> the</c><00:36:28.679><c> seriousness</c><00:36:29.059><c> in</c><00:36:29.340><c> which</c><00:36:29.539><c> they</c><00:36:29.760><c> took</c><00:36:30.019><c> the</c><00:36:30.239><c> Bible</c><00:36:30.659><c> and</c><00:36:31.239><c> how</c><00:36:31.420><c> they</c><00:36:31.760><c> treasured</c><00:36:32.260><c> it</c>

00:36:32.679 --> 00:36:34.480
and<00:36:33.000><c> appreciated</c><00:36:33.619><c> it.</c>

00:36:34.519 --> 00:36:37.260
And<00:36:34.659><c> here's</c><00:36:34.980><c> how</c><00:36:35.199><c> he</c><00:36:35.440><c> dedicated</c><00:36:35.960><c> his</c><00:36:36.239><c> life</c><00:36:36.559><c> to</c><00:36:36.820><c> it.</c>

00:36:37.619 --> 00:36:42.260
And<00:36:38.079><c> we</c><00:36:38.400><c> read</c><00:36:38.739><c> here</c><00:36:39.139><c> of</c><00:36:39.440><c> his</c><00:36:39.820><c> conclusion,</c><00:36:41.280><c> not</c><00:36:41.519><c> in</c><00:36:41.739><c> detail,</c>

00:36:42.639 --> 00:36:43.920
just<00:36:42.880><c> his</c><00:36:43.179><c> overall</c><00:36:43.599><c> conclusion.</c>

00:36:43.920 --> 00:36:49.460
He<00:36:44.860><c> says,</c><00:36:45.420><c> The</c><00:36:45.420><c> result</c><00:36:46.039><c> of</c><00:36:46.480><c> those</c><00:36:46.860><c> 30</c><00:36:47.119><c> years</c><00:36:47.880><c> of</c><00:36:48.420><c> study</c><00:36:49.039><c> which</c>

00:36:49.460 --> 00:36:51.920
I<00:36:49.639><c> have</c><00:36:49.860><c> given</c><00:36:50.079><c> to</c><00:36:50.260><c> the</c><00:36:50.519><c> text</c><00:36:50.820><c> has</c><00:36:51.099><c> been</c><00:36:51.360><c> this.</c>

00:36:52.099 --> 00:36:56.679
I<00:36:52.280><c> can</c><00:36:52.500><c> affirm</c><00:36:53.000><c> that</c><00:36:53.440><c> there</c><00:36:53.619><c> is</c><00:36:53.860><c> not</c><00:36:54.059><c> a</c><00:36:54.320><c> page</c><00:36:54.719><c> of</c><00:36:54.920><c> the</c><00:36:55.019><c> Old</c><00:36:55.280><c> Testament</c><00:36:55.699><c> concerning</c><00:36:56.159><c> which</c><00:36:56.420><c> we</c>

00:36:56.679 --> 00:36:58.380
need<00:36:56.820><c> have</c><00:36:57.119><c> any</c><00:36:57.360><c> doubt.</c>

00:36:58.460 --> 00:37:02.800
We<00:36:58.659><c> can</c><00:36:58.880><c> be</c><00:36:59.179><c> absolutely</c><00:37:00.000><c> certain</c><00:37:00.360><c> that</c><00:37:00.619><c> substantially</c><00:37:01.400><c> we</c><00:37:01.900><c> have</c><00:37:02.099><c> the</c><00:37:02.320><c> text</c><00:37:02.599><c> of</c>

00:37:02.800 --> 00:37:03.699
the<00:37:02.920><c> Old</c><00:37:03.139><c> Testament</c>

00:37:03.699 --> 00:37:09.400
that<00:37:04.179><c> Christ</c><00:37:04.659><c> and</c><00:37:04.980><c> the</c><00:37:05.159><c> Apostles</c><00:37:05.599><c> had</c><00:37:06.159><c> and</c><00:37:06.519><c> which</c><00:37:06.699><c> was</c><00:37:06.960><c> in</c><00:37:07.219><c> existence</c><00:37:07.639><c> from</c><00:37:08.059><c> the</c><00:37:08.219><c> beginning.</c>

00:37:10.179 --> 00:37:16.139
And<00:37:10.860><c> there's</c><00:37:11.099><c> a</c><00:37:11.239><c> man</c><00:37:11.780><c> who</c><00:37:12.059><c> put</c><00:37:12.219><c> 45</c><00:37:12.840><c> years</c><00:37:13.780><c> of</c><00:37:15.239><c> research</c><00:37:15.760><c> and</c>

00:37:16.139 --> 00:37:18.840
work<00:37:16.599><c> many,</c><00:37:17.320><c> many</c><00:37:17.320><c> years</c><00:37:17.579><c> ago.</c>

00:37:19.179 --> 00:37:23.900
And<00:37:19.239><c> he</c><00:37:19.400><c> could</c><00:37:19.699><c> conclude</c><00:37:20.039><c> just</c><00:37:21.119><c> based</c><00:37:21.440><c> on</c><00:37:21.559><c> what</c><00:37:21.719><c> he</c><00:37:21.900><c> had</c><00:37:22.139><c> available</c><00:37:22.539><c> to</c><00:37:22.880><c> him</c><00:37:23.440><c> at</c>

00:37:23.900 --> 00:37:24.619
that<00:37:24.219><c> stage,</c>

00:37:24.699 --> 00:37:27.539
which<00:37:24.940><c> excluded</c><00:37:25.380><c> things</c><00:37:25.719><c> like</c><00:37:26.000><c> the</c><00:37:26.159><c> Dead</c><00:37:26.380><c> Sea</c><00:37:26.599><c> Scrolls</c><00:37:27.420><c> and</c>

00:37:27.539 --> 00:37:28.719
other<00:37:27.880><c> discoveries,</c>

00:37:28.880 --> 00:37:31.900
he<00:37:29.059><c> could</c><00:37:29.380><c> make</c><00:37:29.679><c> those</c><00:37:30.079><c> kinds</c><00:37:30.420><c> of</c><00:37:30.800><c> conclusions.</c>

00:37:32.019 --> 00:37:35.619
Having<00:37:32.360><c> studied</c><00:37:32.719><c> the</c><00:37:33.039><c> languages</c><00:37:33.579><c> and</c><00:37:33.980><c> the</c><00:37:34.239><c> archaeology</c><00:37:35.159><c> and</c>

00:37:35.619 --> 00:37:37.440
all<00:37:35.860><c> the</c><00:37:36.139><c> issues</c><00:37:36.460><c> that</c><00:37:36.659><c> were</c><00:37:37.000><c> relevant,</c>

00:37:37.440 --> 00:37:39.139
this<00:37:38.139><c> was</c><00:37:38.420><c> his</c><00:37:38.639><c> conclusion.</c>

00:37:39.400 --> 00:37:43.820
An<00:37:39.400><c> example</c><00:37:39.840><c> was</c><00:37:40.260><c> he</c><00:37:40.639><c> looked</c><00:37:40.940><c> at</c><00:37:41.159><c> all</c><00:37:41.360><c> the</c><00:37:41.539><c> king's</c><00:37:42.099><c> names</c><00:37:42.659><c> that</c>

00:37:43.820 --> 00:37:45.239
are<00:37:44.000><c> referred</c><00:37:44.320><c> to</c><00:37:44.539><c> in</c><00:37:44.679><c> the</c><00:37:44.860><c> Scriptures,</c>

00:37:45.400 --> 00:37:48.420
the<00:37:45.699><c> Israelite</c><00:37:46.179><c>-ish</c><00:37:46.340><c> king's</c><00:37:46.840><c> names,</c><00:37:47.559><c> and</c><00:37:47.559><c> the</c><00:37:47.800><c> Israelite</c><00:37:48.280><c>-ish</c>

00:37:48.420 --> 00:37:49.139
names,<00:37:48.800><c> sorry,</c>

00:37:49.280 --> 00:37:51.440
the<00:37:49.380><c> king's</c><00:37:49.760><c> names</c><00:37:49.940><c> from</c><00:37:50.199><c> other</c><00:37:50.460><c> countries</c><00:37:50.900><c> as</c><00:37:51.199><c> well.</c>

00:37:51.579 --> 00:37:55.039
There<00:37:51.659><c> are</c><00:37:51.760><c> names</c><00:37:52.039><c> there</c><00:37:52.340><c> like</c><00:37:52.639><c> from</c><00:37:52.840><c> Syria</c><00:37:53.219><c> and</c><00:37:53.940><c> Babylon</c><00:37:54.360><c> and</c>

00:37:55.039 --> 00:37:56.719
Persia<00:37:55.719><c> and</c><00:37:55.940><c> Greek,</c><00:37:56.440><c> etc.</c>

00:37:57.219 --> 00:38:01.519
He<00:37:57.380><c> took</c><00:37:57.579><c> all</c><00:37:57.920><c> of</c><00:37:58.119><c> these</c><00:37:58.360><c> names</c><00:37:58.920><c> and</c><00:38:00.420><c> he</c><00:38:00.880><c> compared</c><00:38:01.119><c> what</c><00:38:01.320><c> was</c>

00:38:01.519 --> 00:38:04.460
in<00:38:01.679><c> the</c><00:38:01.860><c> Bible</c><00:38:02.219><c> with</c><00:38:02.480><c> what</c><00:38:02.679><c> was</c><00:38:03.019><c> known</c><00:38:03.199><c> in</c><00:38:03.440><c> archaeology.</c>

00:38:04.460 --> 00:38:07.780
And<00:38:05.039><c> he</c><00:38:05.179><c> found</c><00:38:05.519><c> in</c><00:38:05.619><c> terms</c><00:38:05.920><c> of</c><00:38:06.260><c> time</c><00:38:06.619><c> and</c><00:38:07.000><c> placement,</c><00:38:07.500><c> in</c><00:38:07.500><c> terms</c>

00:38:07.780 --> 00:38:09.099
of<00:38:08.079><c> spelling</c><00:38:08.360><c> and</c><00:38:08.699><c> accuracy,</c>

00:38:09.539 --> 00:38:11.500
a<00:38:09.659><c> tremendous</c><00:38:10.340><c> harmony.</c>

00:38:11.940 --> 00:38:16.219
And<00:38:12.280><c> he</c><00:38:12.480><c> compared</c><00:38:12.900><c> that</c><00:38:13.679><c> to</c><00:38:14.320><c> other</c><00:38:14.820><c> historical</c><00:38:15.420><c> documents.</c>

00:38:16.719 --> 00:38:21.920
And<00:38:16.960><c> he</c><00:38:17.139><c> found</c><00:38:17.320><c> them</c><00:38:17.659><c> to</c><00:38:17.860><c> be</c><00:38:18.480><c> lacking</c><00:38:18.880><c> in</c><00:38:19.380><c> that</c><00:38:19.659><c> same</c><00:38:20.000><c> kind</c><00:38:20.559><c> of</c><00:38:20.940><c> accuracy.</c>

00:38:22.480 --> 00:38:29.159
And<00:38:22.679><c> so</c><00:38:22.880><c> the</c><00:38:23.099><c> Bible</c><00:38:23.619><c> has</c><00:38:24.420><c> withstood</c><00:38:24.960><c> tremendous</c><00:38:26.280><c> analysis</c><00:38:27.500><c> and</c><00:38:28.239><c> research</c><00:38:28.800><c> by</c>

00:38:29.159 --> 00:38:30.639
many,<00:38:29.519><c> many,</c><00:38:29.739><c> many</c><00:38:29.980><c> people.</c>

00:38:30.639 --> 00:38:34.079
And<00:38:31.119><c> for</c><00:38:31.320><c> those</c><00:38:31.679><c> who</c><00:38:31.880><c> have</c><00:38:32.239><c> had</c><00:38:32.440><c> a</c><00:38:32.719><c> respect</c><00:38:33.199><c> and</c><00:38:33.400><c> a</c><00:38:33.599><c> reverence</c>

00:38:34.079 --> 00:38:35.440
for<00:38:34.460><c> it,</c>

00:38:35.480 --> 00:38:40.460
they<00:38:35.619><c> have</c><00:38:36.119><c> participated</c><00:38:36.960><c> in</c><00:38:37.300><c> its</c><00:38:37.699><c> transmission</c><00:38:38.380><c> and</c><00:38:38.800><c> in</c><00:38:38.940><c> its</c><00:38:39.239><c> translation,</c>

00:38:40.539 --> 00:38:44.019
bringing<00:38:40.840><c> it</c><00:38:41.039><c> ultimately</c><00:38:41.539><c> to</c><00:38:41.980><c> English,</c><00:38:42.940><c> which</c><00:38:43.179><c> we</c><00:38:43.420><c> can</c><00:38:43.679><c> enjoy</c>

00:38:44.019 --> 00:38:47.099
today<00:38:44.659><c> in</c><00:38:45.079><c> our</c><00:38:45.280><c> homes</c><00:38:45.659><c> in</c><00:38:45.940><c> abundance.</c>

00:38:47.699 --> 00:38:52.619
And<00:38:47.820><c> we,</c><00:38:48.300><c> as</c><00:38:48.539><c> we</c><00:38:49.300><c> read</c><00:38:49.639><c> here,</c><00:38:50.820><c> can</c><00:38:51.039><c> have</c><00:38:51.239><c> this</c><00:38:51.639><c> confidence</c><00:38:52.260><c> that</c><00:38:52.500><c> in</c>

00:38:52.619 --> 00:38:55.559
each<00:38:52.920><c> page</c><00:38:53.340><c> we</c><00:38:53.659><c> have</c><00:38:54.219><c> the</c><00:38:54.440><c> Word</c><00:38:54.619><c> of</c><00:38:54.800><c> God,</c>

00:38:55.760 --> 00:38:58.719
substantially<00:38:56.400><c> and</c><00:38:56.679><c> in</c><00:38:56.880><c> every</c><00:38:57.519><c> significant</c><00:38:58.239><c> way.</c>

00:38:58.719 --> 00:39:03.099
We'll<00:38:59.699><c> leave</c><00:38:59.840><c> that</c><00:39:00.179><c> as</c><00:39:00.539><c> our</c><00:39:01.300><c> second</c><00:39:01.599><c> session</c><00:39:01.980><c> and</c><00:39:02.239><c> take</c><00:39:02.380><c> it</c><00:39:02.519><c> up</c>

00:39:03.099 --> 00:39:04.900
later<00:39:03.420><c> on</c><00:39:03.719><c> in</c><00:39:03.900><c> our</c><00:39:04.099><c> third.</c>