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Well,<00:00:01.240><c> our</c><00:00:01.379><c> evening</c><00:00:01.760><c> program</c><00:00:02.660><c> will</c><00:00:03.279><c> be</c><00:00:03.500><c> presented</c><00:00:03.740><c> by</c><00:00:04.139><c> Brother</c><00:00:04.960><c> Wilfred</c><00:00:05.679><c> Alin,</c>

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and<00:00:07.179><c> he's</c><00:00:07.339><c> from</c><00:00:07.459><c> the</c>

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Birmingham<00:00:08.140><c>-Handsworth</c><00:00:08.939><c> United</c><00:00:09.359><c> Kingdom</c><00:00:09.820><c> of</c><00:00:10.039><c> Colisia.</c>

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His<00:00:11.279><c> title</c><00:00:11.539><c> this</c><00:00:11.820><c> evening</c><00:00:12.140><c> is</c><00:00:12.820><c> Some</c><00:00:13.179><c> Wonders</c><00:00:13.519><c> of</c><00:00:13.800><c> Creation,</c>

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and<00:00:16.440><c> Brother</c><00:00:17.239><c> Wilfred,</c><00:00:17.899><c> you</c><00:00:18.660><c> have</c><00:00:18.699><c> the</c>

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podium.

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Brother,<00:00:21.140><c> just</c><00:00:21.179><c> as</c><00:00:21.339><c> you,</c><00:00:23.140><c> this</c><00:00:23.640><c> talk</c><00:00:24.100><c> or</c><00:00:24.359><c> this</c><00:00:24.660><c> program</c><00:00:25.059><c> is</c><00:00:26.399><c> something</c><00:00:26.660><c> that</c><00:00:26.960><c> started</c><00:00:27.239><c> in</c>

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South<00:00:28.300><c> Africa.</c>

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I<00:00:29.219><c> was</c><00:00:29.460><c> there</c><00:00:29.980><c> a</c><00:00:30.559><c> few</c><00:00:30.640><c> years</c><00:00:30.920><c> ago</c><00:00:31.379><c> in</c><00:00:32.079><c> Port</c><00:00:32.240><c> Elizabeth,</c><00:00:33.420><c> and</c><00:00:33.700><c> they</c><00:00:33.899><c> asked</c><00:00:34.079><c> me</c>

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to<00:00:34.340><c> do</c><00:00:34.439><c> a</c><00:00:34.619><c> talk</c><00:00:34.780><c> on</c><00:00:35.159><c> evolution.</c>

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So<00:00:37.320><c> I</c><00:00:37.479><c> did,</c><00:00:38.460><c> and</c><00:00:38.920><c> I</c><00:00:39.100><c> listed</c><00:00:39.320><c> these</c><00:00:39.659><c> things</c><00:00:39.840><c> here,</c><00:00:40.119><c> which</c><00:00:40.259><c> I</c><00:00:40.380><c> want</c><00:00:40.500><c> to</c>

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show<00:00:40.780><c> you</c><00:00:40.979><c> tonight,</c><00:00:41.619><c> because</c>

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I<00:00:42.560><c> have</c><00:00:42.740><c> to</c><00:00:42.859><c> be</c><00:00:43.039><c> honest</c><00:00:43.240><c> with</c><00:00:43.439><c> you,</c><00:00:44.119><c> I</c><00:00:44.320><c> am</c><00:00:44.479><c> the</c><00:00:44.679><c> world's</c><00:00:45.039><c> most</c>

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implacable<00:00:45.899><c> enemy</c><00:00:46.240><c> of</c><00:00:46.460><c> evolution</c><00:00:46.960><c> that</c><00:00:47.380><c> there</c>

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is,<00:00:48.520><c> so</c><00:00:48.780><c> I</c><00:00:48.960><c> hope</c><00:00:49.159><c> that</c><00:00:49.439><c> I'm</c><00:00:49.619><c> not</c><00:00:49.820><c> going</c><00:00:49.979><c> to</c><00:00:50.079><c> tread</c><00:00:50.179><c> on</c><00:00:50.340><c> anybody's</c><00:00:50.920><c> toes.</c>

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I'm<00:00:52.560><c> going</c><00:00:52.659><c> to</c><00:00:53.299><c> show</c><00:00:53.560><c> you</c><00:00:54.420><c> things</c><00:00:55.039><c> that</c><00:00:55.780><c> are</c><00:00:56.219><c> practically</c><00:00:56.659><c> unbelievable,</c><00:00:58.500><c> that</c><00:00:58.579><c> they</c><00:00:58.939><c> can,</c><00:00:59.280><c> in</c>

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my<00:00:59.679><c> opinion,</c>

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that's<00:01:00.500><c> all</c><00:01:00.640><c> that</c><00:01:00.759><c> it</c><00:01:00.939><c> is,</c><00:01:01.420><c> in</c><00:01:01.619><c> my</c><00:01:01.899><c> opinion,</c><00:01:02.679><c> they</c><00:01:02.880><c> can</c><00:01:03.179><c> in</c><00:01:03.619><c> no</c>

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way<00:01:04.359><c> have</c><00:01:04.620><c> come</c><00:01:04.819><c> about</c><00:01:05.319><c> by</c><00:01:05.700><c> chance.</c>

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No<00:01:07.420><c> way.</c>

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That's<00:01:09.500><c> why</c><00:01:09.680><c> at</c><00:01:09.900><c> the</c><00:01:10.040><c> bottom</c><00:01:10.159><c> here</c><00:01:10.799><c> it</c><00:01:11.420><c> says</c><00:01:11.560><c> Wilfred</c><00:01:11.959><c> Alin</c><00:01:12.340><c> UK.</c>

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It's<00:01:14.019><c> because</c><00:01:14.260><c> this</c><00:01:14.560><c> was</c><00:01:14.780><c> done</c><00:01:15.060><c> in</c><00:01:15.659><c> Walma,</c><00:01:16.620><c> in</c><00:01:16.859><c> South</c><00:01:16.980><c> Africa.</c>

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Actually,<00:01:17.739><c> you</c><00:01:17.859><c> might</c><00:01:17.920><c> be</c><00:01:18.140><c> interested</c><00:01:18.379><c> to</c><00:01:18.560><c> know,</c><00:01:19.019><c> it</c><00:01:19.159><c> was</c><00:01:19.319><c> a</c>

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public<00:01:19.680><c> meeting</c><00:01:20.019><c> advertised</c><00:01:20.620><c> in</c><00:01:21.340><c> the</c>

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press,<00:01:22.700><c> and</c><00:01:22.859><c> I</c><00:01:24.019><c> was</c><00:01:24.299><c> sitting</c><00:01:24.659><c> at</c><00:01:24.840><c> the</c><00:01:24.980><c> front,</c><00:01:26.159><c> and</c><00:01:26.379><c> the</c><00:01:26.760><c> Ecclesia</c><00:01:27.000><c> is</c><00:01:27.120><c> only</c><00:01:27.299><c> a</c>

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very<00:01:27.560><c> small</c><00:01:27.799><c> one,</c><00:01:28.000><c> really,</c>

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and<00:01:29.180><c> the</c><00:01:29.280><c> place</c><00:01:29.420><c> was</c><00:01:29.659><c> filling</c><00:01:29.799><c> up,</c><00:01:30.340><c> there</c><00:01:30.480><c> were</c><00:01:30.519><c> about</c><00:01:30.719><c> 50</c><00:01:30.980><c> visitors.</c>

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They<00:01:32.060><c> all</c><00:01:32.400><c> were</c><00:01:32.579><c> interested</c><00:01:32.959><c> in</c><00:01:33.159><c> the</c><00:01:33.280><c> subject,</c><00:01:33.900><c> so</c><00:01:34.120><c> they</c><00:01:34.299><c> came</c>

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along,<00:01:35.359><c> and</c><00:01:35.519><c> there's</c><00:01:35.599><c> only</c><00:01:35.819><c> a</c><00:01:35.900><c> little</c>

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bit<00:01:36.219><c> of</c><00:01:36.379><c> opposition,</c><00:01:37.280><c> so</c><00:01:37.719><c> we</c><00:01:37.879><c> had</c><00:01:37.959><c> a</c><00:01:38.060><c> good</c><00:01:38.200><c> time.</c>

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Right<00:01:39.739><c> now,</c><00:01:40.459><c> please</c><00:01:40.719><c> bear</c><00:01:40.879><c> with</c><00:01:40.980><c> me,</c><00:01:41.099><c> because</c><00:01:41.299><c> I'm</c><00:01:41.680><c> not</c><00:01:41.920><c> the</c>

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world's<00:01:42.500><c> greatest</c><00:01:43.560><c> technician,</c><00:01:46.599><c> all</c><00:01:46.900><c> right?</c>

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If<00:01:48.439><c> things</c><00:01:48.700><c> go</c><00:01:48.959><c> wrong,</c><00:01:49.400><c> please</c><00:01:49.560><c> bear</c><00:01:49.760><c> with</c><00:01:49.959><c> me.</c>

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I've<00:01:50.459><c> got</c><00:01:51.239><c> people</c><00:01:51.540><c> who</c><00:01:51.719><c> can</c><00:01:51.900><c> handle</c><00:01:52.099><c> this</c><00:01:52.439><c> around.</c>

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Oh,<00:02:03.140><c> is</c><00:02:03.280><c> there</c><00:02:03.400><c> anyone</c><00:02:03.480><c> who</c><00:02:03.500><c> can</c><00:02:03.719><c> turn</c><00:02:03.819><c> the</c><00:02:03.959><c> lights</c><00:02:04.060><c> off</c><00:02:04.219><c> at</c><00:02:04.359><c> the</c><00:02:04.459><c> front,</c><00:02:04.739><c> so</c>

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you<00:02:05.260><c> can</c><00:02:05.439><c> see</c><00:02:05.599><c> it</c><00:02:05.780><c> better?</c>

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See<00:02:14.319><c> what</c><00:02:14.520><c> I</c><00:02:14.620><c> said?</c>

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Ah,<00:02:19.819><c> can</c><00:02:19.960><c> you</c><00:02:20.060><c> see</c><00:02:20.139><c> that</c><00:02:20.319><c> now?</c>

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Well,<00:02:21.319><c> I</c><00:02:21.479><c> can't.</c>

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Right,<00:02:27.259><c> here</c><00:02:27.500><c> we</c><00:02:27.620><c> go.</c>

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Now<00:02:29.199><c> first</c><00:02:29.460><c> of</c><00:02:29.599><c> all,</c><00:02:29.819><c> for</c><00:02:29.919><c> those</c><00:02:30.099><c> of</c><00:02:30.280><c> you</c><00:02:30.419><c> who</c><00:02:30.599><c> are</c><00:02:30.659><c> still</c><00:02:30.840><c> at</c>

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university,<00:02:31.479><c> are</c><00:02:31.560><c> still</c><00:02:31.719><c> at</c><00:02:31.939><c> school,</c>

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you<00:02:33.300><c> will</c><00:02:33.580><c> hear</c><00:02:33.819><c> the</c><00:02:34.060><c> statement,</c><00:02:34.419><c> we</c><00:02:34.620><c> all</c><00:02:34.900><c> will</c><00:02:35.400><c> hear</c><00:02:35.520><c> this</c><00:02:35.740><c> kind</c><00:02:35.960><c> of</c>

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statement,<00:02:37.120><c> all</c><00:02:37.659><c> scientists</c><00:02:38.360><c> believe</c>

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in<00:02:39.740><c> evolution,</c><00:02:40.639><c> and</c><00:02:42.659><c> not</c><00:02:43.219><c> many</c><00:02:43.520><c> scientists</c><00:02:43.900><c> believe</c><00:02:44.580><c> in</c><00:02:45.159><c> God.</c>

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And<00:02:46.400><c> these</c><00:02:46.620><c> first</c><00:02:46.840><c> couple</c><00:02:47.039><c> of</c><00:02:47.199><c> slides,</c><00:02:47.479><c> I</c><00:02:47.639><c> want</c><00:02:47.800><c> to</c><00:02:47.960><c> give</c><00:02:48.060><c> you</c>

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some<00:02:48.400><c> assurance</c><00:02:48.840><c> on</c><00:02:49.139><c> that</c><00:02:49.419><c> point,</c><00:02:50.060><c> with</c>

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some<00:02:50.419><c> names</c><00:02:50.800><c> that</c><00:02:51.240><c> you</c><00:02:51.379><c> may</c><00:02:51.599><c> be</c><00:02:51.819><c> familiar</c><00:02:52.060><c> with</c><00:02:52.300><c> or</c><00:02:52.520><c> not,</c><00:02:52.939><c> who</c>

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are<00:02:53.819><c> believers,</c><00:02:54.319><c> and</c><00:02:54.419><c> who</c><00:02:54.599><c> are</c><00:02:54.599><c> very</c><00:02:54.960><c> great</c>

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believers<00:02:56.060><c> in</c><00:02:56.860><c> God.</c>

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Let's<00:02:57.780><c> start</c><00:02:58.060><c> with</c><00:02:58.219><c> this</c><00:02:58.419><c> gentleman</c><00:02:58.740><c> here.</c>

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It's<00:03:02.379><c> a</c><00:03:02.539><c> drawing</c><00:03:02.819><c> of</c><00:03:03.099><c> Sir</c><00:03:03.240><c> Isaac</c><00:03:03.479><c> Newton.</c>

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Sir<00:03:05.280><c> Isaac</c><00:03:05.460><c> Newton</c><00:03:05.800><c> is</c><00:03:06.300><c> acknowledged</c><00:03:06.620><c> by</c><00:03:06.900><c> everybody,</c><00:03:07.580><c> any</c><00:03:07.719><c> scientist,</c><00:03:08.639><c> to</c>

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be<00:03:08.879><c> the</c><00:03:09.060><c> greatest</c><00:03:09.300><c> scientist</c>

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who<00:03:09.900><c> has</c><00:03:10.020><c> ever</c><00:03:10.180><c> lived.</c>

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And<00:03:11.360><c> he</c><00:03:11.620><c> said,</c><00:03:13.180><c> this</c><00:03:13.180><c> most</c><00:03:13.759><c> beautiful</c><00:03:14.379><c> system,</c><00:03:14.979><c> the</c><00:03:15.180><c> sun,</c><00:03:15.919><c> planet,</c><00:03:16.419><c> and</c>

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comets,<00:03:17.219><c> could</c><00:03:17.460><c> only</c><00:03:18.080><c> proceed</c>

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from<00:03:18.800><c> the</c><00:03:19.060><c> counsel</c><00:03:19.439><c> and</c><00:03:19.680><c> dominion</c><00:03:20.360><c> of</c><00:03:20.639><c> an</c><00:03:20.979><c> intelligent</c><00:03:21.500><c> and</c>

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powerful<00:03:23.479><c> being.</c>

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That's<00:03:25.280><c> God.</c>

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He<00:03:26.840><c> accepted.</c>

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He<00:03:28.680><c> believed</c><00:03:29.159><c> in</c><00:03:29.460><c> God.</c>

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Let's<00:03:30.919><c> go</c><00:03:31.080><c> a</c><00:03:31.120><c> bit</c><00:03:31.199><c> further.</c>

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The<00:03:32.939><c> founders</c><00:03:33.319><c> of</c><00:03:33.599><c> modern</c><00:03:33.879><c> science,</c><00:03:34.460><c> many</c><00:03:34.780><c> of</c><00:03:35.020><c> them,</c><00:03:35.800><c> believed</c><00:03:36.319><c> in</c><00:03:36.759><c> God.</c>

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And<00:03:37.199><c> here</c><00:03:37.460><c> are</c><00:03:37.639><c> some</c><00:03:37.840><c> of</c><00:03:37.960><c> their</c><00:03:38.080><c> names</c><00:03:38.439><c> and</c><00:03:38.680><c> some</c><00:03:38.840><c> of</c><00:03:39.000><c> their</c><00:03:39.180><c> dates.</c>

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You'll<00:03:40.060><c> see</c><00:03:40.139><c> that</c><00:03:40.280><c> they</c><00:03:40.400><c> are</c><00:03:40.580><c> fairly</c><00:03:40.819><c> early</c><00:03:41.219><c> and</c><00:03:41.620><c> going</c><00:03:41.800><c> down</c>

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to<00:03:42.199><c> about</c><00:03:42.419><c> 1879.</c>

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Some<00:03:44.439><c> of</c><00:03:44.560><c> those</c><00:03:44.659><c> are</c><00:03:44.780><c> some</c><00:03:44.939><c> of</c><00:03:45.120><c> the</c><00:03:45.139><c> very</c><00:03:45.500><c> greatest</c><00:03:46.060><c> scientists</c><00:03:46.680><c> who</c><00:03:46.900><c> have</c>

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ever<00:03:47.199><c> lived.</c>

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Galileo,<00:03:49.860><c> Robert</c><00:03:50.139><c> Boyle,</c><00:03:50.719><c> Sir</c><00:03:50.800><c> Isaac</c><00:03:51.039><c> Newton,</c><00:03:51.979><c> Michael</c>

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Faraday,<00:03:53.879><c> Gregor</c><00:03:54.379><c> Mendel,</c><00:03:55.699><c> Pasteur,</c><00:03:56.800><c> James</c>

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Clark<00:03:57.620><c> Maxwell,</c><00:03:58.020><c> these</c><00:03:58.360><c> are</c><00:03:58.819><c> mighty</c><00:03:59.340><c> titanic</c><00:04:00.159><c> names</c><00:04:00.680><c> in</c><00:04:01.539><c> the</c>

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field<00:04:02.139><c> of</c><00:04:02.439><c> science.</c>

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And<00:04:03.599><c> they</c><00:04:04.080><c> all</c><00:04:04.780><c> believed</c><00:04:05.360><c> in</c><00:04:05.740><c> God</c><00:04:05.960><c> and</c><00:04:06.479><c> expressed</c><00:04:07.020><c> that</c><00:04:07.360><c> belief.</c>

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So<00:04:08.599><c> please</c><00:04:08.939><c> don't</c><00:04:09.240><c> be</c><00:04:09.439><c> misled</c><00:04:09.740><c> by</c><00:04:10.219><c> people</c><00:04:10.439><c> who</c><00:04:10.599><c> say,</c><00:04:10.919><c> well,</c><00:04:11.159><c> no</c>

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scientist<00:04:11.639><c> believes</c><00:04:11.960><c> in</c><00:04:12.199><c> God.</c>

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I'll<00:04:12.560><c> take</c><00:04:12.639><c> that</c><00:04:12.919><c> statement</c><00:04:13.259><c> in</c><00:04:13.699><c> a</c><00:04:13.919><c> moment.</c>

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But<00:04:14.960><c> you</c><00:04:15.060><c> might</c><00:04:15.240><c> say</c><00:04:15.419><c> that's</c><00:04:15.780><c> 1879.</c>

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But<00:04:18.500><c> these</c><00:04:18.699><c> are</c><00:04:18.879><c> men</c><00:04:19.000><c> who</c><00:04:19.300><c> are</c><00:04:19.759><c> alive</c><00:04:19.980><c> today.</c>

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And<00:04:21.360><c> there's</c><00:04:21.519><c> some</c><00:04:21.699><c> very</c><00:04:21.980><c> famous</c><00:04:22.259><c> names</c><00:04:22.519><c> among</c><00:04:22.740><c> them.</c>

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Francis<00:04:24.639><c> Collins,</c><00:04:25.079><c> he</c><00:04:25.199><c> was</c><00:04:25.339><c> the</c><00:04:25.420><c> guy</c><00:04:25.600><c> who</c><00:04:25.920><c> directed</c><00:04:26.399><c> the</c>

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Human<00:04:26.920><c> Genome</c><00:04:27.319><c> Project.</c>

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Bill<00:04:29.199><c> Phillips.</c>

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FRS,<00:04:31.339><c> so</c><00:04:31.480><c> Brian</c><00:04:31.920><c> Heap</c><00:04:32.459><c> FRS,</c><00:04:33.379><c> is</c><00:04:34.019><c> a</c><00:04:34.160><c> fellow</c><00:04:34.360><c> of</c><00:04:34.620><c> the</c><00:04:34.740><c> Royal</c><00:04:34.920><c> Society</c><00:04:35.379><c> of</c><00:04:35.519><c> London.</c>

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Very,<00:04:36.800><c> very</c><00:04:37.160><c> high</c><00:04:37.459><c> scientific</c><00:04:37.860><c> honor.</c>

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There<00:04:39.139><c> are</c><00:04:39.300><c> quite</c><00:04:39.459><c> a</c><00:04:39.560><c> number</c><00:04:39.759><c> of</c><00:04:39.920><c> them</c><00:04:39.939><c> there.</c>

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John<00:04:41.579><c> Lennox</c><00:04:42.060><c> is</c><00:04:42.319><c> a</c><00:04:42.399><c> professor</c><00:04:42.699><c> of</c><00:04:42.800><c> mathematics</c><00:04:43.300><c> at</c><00:04:43.980><c> the</c><00:04:44.079><c> University</c><00:04:44.639><c> of</c><00:04:44.879><c> Oxford.</c>

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So<00:04:45.660><c> you</c><00:04:45.680><c> can</c><00:04:45.860><c> see</c><00:04:45.959><c> there</c><00:04:46.120><c> are</c><00:04:46.199><c> a</c><00:04:46.300><c> whole</c><00:04:46.579><c> load</c><00:04:46.759><c> of</c><00:04:46.939><c> people</c><00:04:47.199><c> there</c>

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who<00:04:47.600><c> are</c><00:04:48.019><c> very</c><00:04:48.420><c> serious</c>

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scientists<00:04:49.360><c> indeed,</c><00:04:50.620><c> who</c><00:04:51.019><c> believe</c><00:04:51.420><c> and</c><00:04:51.660><c> have</c><00:04:51.879><c> expressed</c><00:04:52.439><c> their</c><00:04:52.759><c> belief</c><00:04:53.199><c> in</c><00:04:53.860><c> God.</c>

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So<00:04:55.040><c> do</c><00:04:55.319><c> not</c><00:04:55.600><c> be</c><00:04:55.819><c> misled</c><00:04:56.160><c> when</c><00:04:56.339><c> they</c><00:04:56.620><c> say,</c><00:04:57.839><c> no</c><00:04:58.060><c> scientist</c><00:04:58.639><c> believes</c><00:04:59.279><c> in</c><00:04:59.600><c> God.</c>

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All<00:05:00.639><c> scientists</c><00:05:01.120><c> believe</c><00:05:01.540><c> in</c><00:05:01.779><c> evolution.</c>

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Do<00:05:02.779><c> not</c><00:05:03.060><c> follow</c><00:05:03.279><c> it.</c>

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Let<00:05:04.740><c> me</c><00:05:04.920><c> make</c><00:05:05.100><c> this</c><00:05:05.360><c> point,</c><00:05:05.560><c> because</c><00:05:05.660><c> I</c><00:05:05.800><c> think</c><00:05:05.879><c> it's</c><00:05:05.980><c> an</c><00:05:06.180><c> important</c><00:05:06.459><c> one.</c>

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When<00:05:07.360><c> you</c><00:05:07.620><c> hear</c><00:05:07.779><c> the</c><00:05:07.959><c> statement,</c><00:05:08.600><c> all</c><00:05:09.079><c> scientists</c><00:05:09.579><c> believe</c>

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in<00:05:10.079><c> evolution,</c>

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remember<00:05:12.540><c> that</c><00:05:13.000><c> science</c><00:05:13.399><c> is</c><00:05:13.699><c> a</c><00:05:13.839><c> gigantic</c><00:05:14.540><c> field.</c>

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You've<00:05:15.959><c> got</c><00:05:16.079><c> physics,</c><00:05:16.579><c> you've</c><00:05:16.720><c> got</c><00:05:16.800><c> chemistry,</c><00:05:17.339><c> you've</c><00:05:17.459><c> got</c><00:05:17.540><c> biology,</c>

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you've<00:05:18.180><c> got</c><00:05:18.259><c> mathematics,</c><00:05:18.860><c> you've</c><00:05:19.000><c> got</c><00:05:19.500><c> who</c><00:05:19.680><c> knows</c><00:05:19.899><c> what.</c>

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All<00:05:22.160><c> of</c><00:05:22.379><c> those</c><00:05:22.560><c> scientists</c><00:05:23.060><c> who</c><00:05:23.319><c> work</c><00:05:23.439><c> in</c><00:05:23.639><c> those</c><00:05:23.819><c> fields</c><00:05:24.199><c> cannot</c><00:05:25.139><c> believe</c><00:05:25.740><c> in</c><00:05:25.959><c> evolution.</c>

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For<00:05:27.399><c> example,</c><00:05:27.620><c> take</c><00:05:27.800><c> an</c><00:05:28.000><c> astronomer,</c><00:05:28.740><c> a</c><00:05:28.819><c> big</c><00:05:29.079><c> scientist.</c>

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What<00:05:30.339><c> does</c><00:05:30.439><c> he</c><00:05:30.620><c> know</c><00:05:30.740><c> about</c><00:05:30.920><c> evolution?</c>

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Take<00:05:33.620><c> a</c><00:05:34.139><c> mathematician.</c>

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What<00:05:35.199><c> does</c><00:05:35.379><c> he</c><00:05:35.519><c> know</c><00:05:35.680><c> about</c><00:05:35.920><c> evolution?</c>

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It's<00:05:36.860><c> the</c><00:05:36.959><c> only</c><00:05:37.079><c> people</c><00:05:37.279><c> who</c><00:05:37.420><c> can</c><00:05:37.540><c> really</c><00:05:37.879><c> talk</c><00:05:38.120><c> about</c><00:05:38.240><c> it</c><00:05:38.360><c> are</c>

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the<00:05:38.699><c> biologists</c><00:05:39.139><c> of</c><00:05:39.379><c> one</c><00:05:39.680><c> sort</c>

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or<00:05:40.040><c> another.</c>

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So<00:05:40.819><c> do</c><00:05:41.100><c> not</c><00:05:41.420><c> be</c><00:05:41.680><c> misled</c><00:05:42.000><c> by</c><00:05:42.259><c> that</c><00:05:42.519><c> statement</c><00:05:42.899><c> that</c><00:05:43.600><c> all</c><00:05:44.040><c> scientists</c><00:05:44.459><c> believe</c><00:05:44.980><c> in</c><00:05:45.300><c> evolution.</c>

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It's<00:05:46.139><c> simply</c><00:05:46.399><c> not</c><00:05:47.120><c> true.</c>

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And<00:05:48.019><c> these</c><00:05:48.180><c> guys</c><00:05:48.579><c> are</c><00:05:49.060><c> proof</c><00:05:49.319><c> of</c><00:05:49.600><c> the</c><00:05:49.699><c> contrary.</c>

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Okay,<00:05:51.620><c> let's</c><00:05:51.819><c> go</c><00:05:51.980><c> on.</c>

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Where<00:05:56.139><c> are</c><00:05:56.300><c> we?</c><00:05:56.540><c> Yes,</c><00:05:56.720><c> here</c><00:05:56.899><c> we</c><00:05:57.000><c> are.</c>

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This<00:05:57.819><c> gentleman</c><00:05:58.339><c> is</c><00:05:59.660><c> of</c><00:05:59.759><c> particular</c><00:06:00.220><c> importance</c><00:06:00.819><c> in</c><00:06:01.199><c> this</c>

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particular<00:06:01.779><c> discussion</c><00:06:02.160><c> here.</c>

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His<00:06:04.060><c> name</c><00:06:04.360><c> was</c><00:06:04.759><c> Anthony</c><00:06:05.220><c> Flew,</c><00:06:05.699><c> he</c><00:06:06.040><c> died</c><00:06:06.319><c> about</c><00:06:06.560><c> five</c><00:06:06.759><c> or</c><00:06:06.879><c> six</c>

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years<00:06:07.259><c> ago.</c>

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He<00:06:08.480><c> was</c><00:06:08.680><c> the</c><00:06:08.860><c> world's</c><00:06:09.300><c> most</c><00:06:09.560><c> notorious</c><00:06:10.540><c> atheist,</c><00:06:12.060><c> and</c><00:06:12.160><c> he</c><00:06:12.319><c> wrote</c><00:06:12.540><c> any</c>

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number<00:06:13.240><c> of</c><00:06:13.439><c> books</c><00:06:13.660><c> and</c>

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pamphlets<00:06:14.420><c> and</c><00:06:14.579><c> whatnot</c><00:06:14.980><c> against</c><00:06:16.300><c> the</c><00:06:17.139><c> existence</c><00:06:17.439><c> of</c><00:06:17.699><c> God.</c>

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And<00:06:19.199><c> then,</c><00:06:20.399><c> to</c><00:06:20.519><c> the</c><00:06:20.779><c> great</c><00:06:21.019><c> surprise</c><00:06:21.439><c> and</c>

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dismay<00:06:22.129><c> of</c><00:06:22.810><c> all</c><00:06:23.129><c> the</c><00:06:23.350><c> atheists</c><00:06:23.990><c> and</c><00:06:24.490><c> people</c><00:06:24.750><c> who</c><00:06:25.129><c> do</c><00:06:25.350><c> not</c><00:06:25.569><c> believe</c><00:06:25.990><c> in</c><00:06:26.310><c> God,</c>

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to<00:06:27.430><c> their</c><00:06:28.110><c> great</c><00:06:28.449><c> surprise,</c><00:06:29.610><c> he</c><00:06:29.829><c> turned</c><00:06:30.110><c> around</c><00:06:30.449><c> and</c><00:06:31.089><c> he</c><00:06:31.310><c> said,</c><00:06:31.930><c> I</c><00:06:32.250><c> believe</c><00:06:32.949><c> that</c><00:06:33.370><c> there</c><00:06:33.750><c> is</c>

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a<00:06:34.569><c> God.</c>

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He<00:06:35.290><c> never</c><00:06:36.129><c> came</c><00:06:36.629><c> to</c><00:06:37.029><c> be</c><00:06:37.329><c> a</c><00:06:37.589><c> Christian,</c><00:06:38.589><c> but</c><00:06:38.750><c> he</c><00:06:38.970><c> did</c><00:06:39.290><c> end</c><00:06:39.529><c> up</c><00:06:39.750><c> by</c>

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believing<00:06:40.949><c> in</c><00:06:41.430><c> a</c><00:06:41.870><c> God.</c>

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And<00:06:43.069><c> one</c><00:06:43.170><c> of</c><00:06:43.290><c> the</c><00:06:43.410><c> reasons</c><00:06:43.689><c> was</c><00:06:44.189><c> some</c><00:06:44.509><c> of</c><00:06:44.670><c> the</c><00:06:44.889><c> discoveries</c>

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about<00:06:45.649><c> the</c><00:06:45.889><c> human</c><00:06:46.170><c> genome.</c>

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I'll<00:06:47.089><c> show</c><00:06:47.290><c> you</c><00:06:47.430><c> that</c><00:06:47.610><c> in</c><00:06:47.769><c> a</c><00:06:47.910><c> moment.</c>

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This<00:06:49.910><c> gentleman</c><00:06:50.389><c> here</c><00:06:51.149><c> is</c><00:06:52.430><c> probably</c><00:06:52.709><c> one</c><00:06:52.949><c> of</c><00:06:53.050><c> our</c><00:06:53.269><c> greatest</c><00:06:53.589><c> enemies.</c>

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It's<00:06:55.810><c> Professor</c><00:06:56.110><c> Richard</c><00:06:56.910><c> Dawkins,</c><00:06:58.389><c> and</c><00:06:58.610><c> he</c><00:06:59.209><c> had</c><00:06:59.389><c> this</c><00:06:59.649><c> to</c>

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say,<00:06:59.949><c> and</c>

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I<00:07:00.209><c> found</c><00:07:00.350><c> this</c><00:07:00.529><c> very</c><00:07:00.750><c> interesting.</c>

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He<00:07:02.269><c> said,</c><00:07:02.709><c> I</c><00:07:02.889><c> love</c><00:07:03.129><c> how</c><00:07:03.709><c> he</c><00:07:03.870><c> writes,</c><00:07:04.370><c> you</c><00:07:04.509><c> know,</c><00:07:04.589><c> he</c><00:07:04.610><c> writes</c>

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this<00:07:04.889><c> stuff</c><00:07:05.050><c> very</c><00:07:05.209><c> nicely.</c>

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It<00:07:06.290><c> is</c><00:07:06.689><c> grindingly,</c><00:07:07.990><c> creakingly,</c><00:07:09.709><c> crashingly</c><00:07:10.389><c> obvious</c>

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that<00:07:11.470><c> if</c><00:07:11.810><c> Darwinism</c><00:07:12.490><c> really</c><00:07:13.029><c> is</c><00:07:13.350><c> a</c><00:07:13.509><c> theory</c><00:07:13.750><c> of</c><00:07:13.990><c> chance,</c><00:07:14.649><c> then</c>

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it<00:07:14.930><c> couldn't</c><00:07:15.170><c> work.</c>

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And<00:07:17.949><c> he's</c><00:07:18.250><c> right.</c>

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And<00:07:19.850><c> so</c><00:07:19.990><c> he</c><00:07:20.170><c> spent</c><00:07:20.329><c> the</c><00:07:20.509><c> rest</c><00:07:20.689><c> of</c><00:07:20.790><c> his</c><00:07:20.910><c> working</c><00:07:21.209><c> life,</c><00:07:21.529><c> till</c><00:07:21.750><c> to</c>

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this<00:07:22.250><c> day,</c>

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trying<00:07:23.290><c> to</c><00:07:23.589><c> prove</c><00:07:23.850><c> that</c><00:07:24.129><c> evolution</c><00:07:24.470><c> is</c><00:07:24.829><c> not</c><00:07:25.170><c> a</c><00:07:25.430><c> theory</c><00:07:25.870><c> of</c><00:07:26.189><c> chance.</c>

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But<00:07:27.250><c> that</c><00:07:27.850><c> is</c><00:07:28.550><c> very,</c><00:07:28.949><c> very</c><00:07:29.430><c> dubious</c><00:07:29.829><c> indeed.</c>

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I<00:07:33.329><c> intensely</c><00:07:33.709><c> dislike</c><00:07:34.149><c> the</c><00:07:34.370><c> man,</c><00:07:35.269><c> though</c><00:07:35.430><c> I've</c><00:07:35.529><c> never</c><00:07:35.730><c> met</c><00:07:35.889><c> him.</c>

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Because<00:07:38.670><c> of</c><00:07:38.829><c> what</c><00:07:38.930><c> he</c><00:07:39.129><c> has</c><00:07:39.269><c> done.</c>

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The<00:07:40.850><c> books</c><00:07:41.050><c> that</c><00:07:41.250><c> he</c><00:07:41.350><c> has</c><00:07:41.490><c> written</c><00:07:41.889><c> have</c><00:07:42.629><c> turned</c><00:07:42.930><c> many,</c><00:07:45.910><c> or</c>

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have<00:07:46.350><c> called</c><00:07:46.490><c> many</c><00:07:46.750><c> Christodolphians</c><00:07:47.589><c> to</c><00:07:47.990><c> abandon</c><00:07:48.370><c> belief</c>

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in<00:07:48.990><c> God.</c>

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And<00:07:50.889><c> have</c><00:07:51.250><c> turned</c><00:07:51.490><c> many</c><00:07:52.730><c> believers</c><00:07:53.329><c> into</c><00:07:53.670><c> atheists</c><00:07:54.430><c> because</c>

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of<00:07:55.230><c> what</c><00:07:55.350><c> he's</c><00:07:55.649><c> written.</c>

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As<00:07:56.629><c> I</c><00:07:56.689><c> say,</c><00:07:57.069><c> I</c><00:07:57.110><c> intensely</c><00:07:57.509><c> dislike</c><00:07:57.910><c> the</c><00:07:58.069><c> man,</c><00:07:58.410><c> though</c><00:07:58.449><c> I've</c>

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never<00:07:58.810><c> met</c><00:07:58.990><c> him.</c>

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I<00:08:00.509><c> believe</c><00:08:00.689><c> that</c><00:08:00.850><c> he</c><00:08:01.029><c> falls</c><00:08:01.189><c> into</c><00:08:01.430><c> the</c><00:08:01.670><c> category</c><00:08:02.110><c> of,</c><00:08:03.250><c> mentioned</c><00:08:03.790><c> by</c><00:08:04.029><c> the</c><00:08:04.209><c> psalmist.</c>

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The<00:08:05.509><c> fool</c><00:08:05.870><c> has</c><00:08:06.170><c> said</c><00:08:06.269><c> in</c><00:08:06.430><c> his</c><00:08:06.670><c> heart</c><00:08:06.949><c> that</c><00:08:07.290><c> there</c><00:08:07.490><c> is</c><00:08:07.629><c> no</c><00:08:07.810><c> God.</c>

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And<00:08:08.889><c> here's</c><00:08:09.149><c> this</c><00:08:09.269><c> guy</c><00:08:09.430><c> saying</c><00:08:09.689><c> it</c><00:08:09.850><c> with</c><00:08:09.970><c> his</c><00:08:10.149><c> mouth.</c>

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So<00:08:11.589><c> what</c><00:08:11.750><c> does</c><00:08:11.850><c> that</c><00:08:12.050><c> make</c><00:08:12.230><c> him?</c>

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Well,<00:08:13.250><c> let's</c><00:08:13.589><c> not</c><00:08:13.750><c> go</c><00:08:13.930><c> there.</c>

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Okay,<00:08:16.089><c> let's</c><00:08:16.529><c> move</c><00:08:16.689><c> on.</c>

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Let's<00:08:17.610><c> move</c><00:08:17.810><c> on.</c>

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Right,<00:08:20.269><c> here</c><00:08:20.589><c> is</c><00:08:20.769><c> one</c><00:08:20.970><c> of</c><00:08:21.129><c> the</c><00:08:21.269><c> pieces</c><00:08:21.509><c> of</c><00:08:21.829><c> evidence</c><00:08:22.230><c> that</c><00:08:23.110><c> convinced</c>

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Professor<00:08:24.709><c> Anthony</c><00:08:25.209><c> Flew,</c><00:08:26.129><c> that</c><00:08:26.329><c> guy</c><00:08:26.529><c> over</c><00:08:26.730><c> there,</c><00:08:27.709><c> he</c><00:08:27.769><c> was</c><00:08:27.889><c> a</c><00:08:28.089><c> philosopher,</c>

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that<00:08:29.430><c> there</c><00:08:29.709><c> is</c><00:08:29.930><c> a</c><00:08:30.069><c> God,</c><00:08:31.009><c> that</c><00:08:31.189><c> these</c><00:08:31.449><c> things</c><00:08:31.629><c> could</c><00:08:31.870><c> not</c><00:08:32.029><c> have</c>

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happened<00:08:32.389><c> by</c><00:08:32.649><c> chance.</c>

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And<00:08:33.870><c> here</c><00:08:33.990><c> is</c><00:08:34.169><c> one</c><00:08:34.330><c> of</c><00:08:34.429><c> the</c><00:08:34.570><c> pieces</c><00:08:34.769><c> of</c><00:08:35.029><c> information</c><00:08:35.450><c> that</c>

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turned<00:08:36.549><c> him.</c>

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And<00:08:37.429><c> I</c><00:08:37.590><c> put</c><00:08:37.710><c> it</c><00:08:37.990><c> on</c><00:08:38.210><c> here,</c><00:08:39.889><c> oops,</c><00:08:40.210><c> let</c><00:08:40.289><c> me</c><00:08:40.350><c> get</c><00:08:40.529><c> this</c><00:08:40.730><c> thing</c><00:08:40.830><c> ready.</c>

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Yeah,<00:08:41.629><c> there</c><00:08:41.789><c> you</c><00:08:41.870><c> go.</c>

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Here,<00:08:44.549><c> the</c><00:08:44.649><c> human</c><00:08:45.129><c> genome,</c><00:08:46.210><c> the</c><00:08:46.389><c> gene,</c><00:08:46.789><c> the</c><00:08:46.909><c> other</c><00:08:47.049><c> thing</c><00:08:47.169><c> is</c>

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meant<00:08:47.649><c> by</c><00:08:47.929><c> genome.</c>

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You<00:08:50.149><c> know,</c><00:08:50.429><c> your</c><00:08:50.710><c> cells</c><00:08:51.029><c> contain</c><00:08:51.870><c> genes</c><00:08:52.950><c> and</c><00:08:53.269><c> chromosomes.</c>

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And<00:08:54.629><c> all</c><00:08:54.850><c> the</c><00:08:55.070><c> genes</c><00:08:55.289><c> in</c><00:08:55.509><c> your</c><00:08:55.690><c> body</c><00:08:55.870><c> make</c><00:08:56.230><c> up</c><00:08:56.649><c> the</c><00:08:57.009><c> genome,</c><00:08:57.830><c> all</c><00:08:58.049><c> of</c><00:08:58.149><c> them.</c>

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The<00:09:00.250><c> human</c><00:09:00.610><c> genome</c><00:09:01.429><c> contains</c><00:09:02.509><c> 3</c><00:09:03.470><c>.5</c><00:09:05.289><c> billion</c><00:09:06.649><c> bits</c><00:09:08.350><c> of</c><00:09:08.570><c> information.</c>

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Flew<00:09:11.250><c> looked</c><00:09:11.490><c> at</c><00:09:11.690><c> that</c><00:09:11.850><c> and</c><00:09:12.009><c> he</c><00:09:12.090><c> said</c><00:09:12.190><c> to</c><00:09:12.289><c> him</c><00:09:12.370><c> that</c><00:09:12.509><c> this</c><00:09:12.629><c> can't</c><00:09:12.909><c> possibly</c><00:09:13.129><c> happen</c><00:09:13.450><c> by</c><00:09:13.730><c> chance.</c>

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Not<00:09:15.450><c> possible.</c>

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And<00:09:17.070><c> so,</c><00:09:18.149><c> he</c><00:09:18.370><c> declared</c><00:09:18.830><c> that</c><00:09:19.909><c> there</c><00:09:20.090><c> is</c><00:09:20.269><c> a</c><00:09:20.389><c> God.</c>

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And<00:09:21.909><c> I</c><00:09:21.970><c> have</c><00:09:22.129><c> to</c><00:09:22.289><c> say</c><00:09:22.409><c> I</c><00:09:22.590><c> agree,</c><00:09:22.809><c> I</c><00:09:23.169><c> agree</c><00:09:23.370><c> with</c><00:09:23.549><c> that</c><00:09:23.730><c> argument.</c>

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How<00:09:26.090><c> can</c><00:09:26.250><c> you</c><00:09:26.370><c> look</c><00:09:26.590><c> at</c><00:09:26.850><c> a</c><00:09:27.009><c> piece</c><00:09:27.129><c> of</c><00:09:27.309><c> machinery</c><00:09:27.629><c> with</c><00:09:28.289><c> 3</c><00:09:28.529><c>.5</c><00:09:28.950><c> billion</c><00:09:29.269><c> working</c><00:09:29.690><c> parts</c><00:09:30.149><c> and</c>

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say<00:09:30.909><c> that</c><00:09:32.149><c> just</c><00:09:32.409><c> happened</c><00:09:32.610><c> by</c><00:09:32.870><c> chance?</c>

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Not<00:09:34.509><c> possible.</c>

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So<00:09:36.389><c> what</c><00:09:36.889><c> are</c><00:09:36.970><c> we</c><00:09:37.090><c> gonna</c><00:09:37.169><c> do</c><00:09:37.350><c> tonight?</c>

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What<00:09:37.929><c> I</c><00:09:38.070><c> want</c><00:09:38.230><c> to</c><00:09:38.370><c> do</c><00:09:38.450><c> tonight</c><00:09:38.889><c> is</c><00:09:39.850><c> to</c><00:09:40.110><c> show</c><00:09:40.230><c> you</c><00:09:40.470><c> the</c><00:09:40.649><c> two</c><00:09:40.830><c> questions</c><00:09:41.649><c> that</c>

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evolution<00:09:43.070><c> must</c><00:09:43.350><c> answer.</c>

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It's<00:09:44.169><c> got</c><00:09:44.370><c> to</c><00:09:44.610><c> answer</c><00:09:44.889><c> because</c><00:09:45.230><c> it</c><00:09:45.429><c> is</c><00:09:45.669><c> a</c><00:09:45.850><c> theory</c><00:09:46.230><c> of</c><00:09:47.129><c> origins.</c>

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Remember<00:09:48.590><c> Charles</c><00:09:48.929><c> Darwin</c><00:09:49.230><c> wrote</c><00:09:49.470><c> a</c><00:09:49.649><c> book,</c>

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a<00:09:50.870><c> very</c><00:09:51.129><c> famous</c><00:09:51.409><c> book</c><00:09:51.610><c> that</c><00:09:51.889><c> kicked</c><00:09:52.129><c> off</c><00:09:52.789><c> the</c><00:09:52.990><c> whole</c><00:09:53.149><c> of</c><00:09:53.289><c> this</c>

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evolution<00:09:53.850><c> business.</c>

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Entitled<00:09:56.789><c> On</c><00:09:57.350><c> the</c><00:09:57.590><c> Origin</c><00:09:58.029><c> of</c><00:09:58.490><c> Species</c><00:09:59.629><c> by</c><00:10:00.129><c> Natural</c><00:10:00.909><c> Selection.</c>

00:10:01.570 --> 00:10:02.990
That's<00:10:01.809><c> what</c><00:10:01.929><c> he</c><00:10:02.169><c> said.</c>

00:10:03.309 --> 00:10:08.789
And<00:10:03.629><c> if</c><00:10:04.710><c> the</c><00:10:04.970><c> theory</c><00:10:05.269><c> is</c><00:10:05.549><c> a</c><00:10:05.710><c> theory</c><00:10:05.990><c> of</c><00:10:06.610><c> origins,</c><00:10:07.789><c> the</c><00:10:08.230><c> origins</c>

00:10:08.789 --> 00:10:09.509
of<00:10:09.110><c> species,</c>

00:10:09.809 --> 00:10:13.590
then<00:10:09.950><c> it</c><00:10:10.090><c> has</c><00:10:10.289><c> got</c><00:10:10.549><c> to</c><00:10:10.830><c> account</c><00:10:11.149><c> for</c><00:10:11.529><c> how</c><00:10:11.850><c> the</c><00:10:12.049><c> species</c><00:10:12.409><c> originated.</c>

00:10:13.730 --> 00:10:15.029
Simple,<00:10:14.289><c> isn't</c><00:10:14.330><c> it?</c>

00:10:15.129 --> 00:10:16.129
I<00:10:15.389><c> thought.</c>

00:10:16.590 --> 00:10:20.789
So<00:10:16.750><c> they</c><00:10:16.950><c> have</c><00:10:17.129><c> to</c><00:10:17.309><c> answer</c><00:10:17.450><c> two</c><00:10:17.649><c> questions,</c><00:10:19.850><c> amongst</c><00:10:19.870><c> others.</c>

00:10:20.830 --> 00:10:23.929
Number<00:10:21.149><c> one,</c><00:10:21.549><c> I'm</c><00:10:21.750><c> gonna</c><00:10:21.850><c> show</c><00:10:22.070><c> you</c><00:10:22.529><c> behavior</c><00:10:23.049><c> and</c><00:10:23.470><c> processes</c>

00:10:23.929 --> 00:10:25.870
that<00:10:24.809><c> have</c><00:10:25.029><c> arisen.</c>

00:10:25.889 --> 00:10:27.750
How<00:10:26.309><c> did</c><00:10:26.570><c> it</c><00:10:26.789><c> arise?</c>

00:10:27.769 --> 00:10:32.809
And<00:10:28.289><c> secondly,</c><00:10:29.669><c> how</c><00:10:30.049><c> did</c><00:10:30.250><c> it</c><00:10:30.470><c> enter</c><00:10:31.669><c> the</c><00:10:31.970><c> genome?</c>

00:10:33.490 --> 00:10:40.950
My<00:10:33.789><c> great</c><00:10:34.289><c> interest</c><00:10:36.230><c> has</c><00:10:36.929><c> been</c><00:10:37.429><c> in</c><00:10:37.809><c> the</c><00:10:38.090><c> phenomenon</c><00:10:38.470><c> known</c><00:10:38.990><c> as</c><00:10:39.549><c> instinct.</c>

00:10:42.289 --> 00:10:47.169
Instinct,<00:10:43.809><c> the</c><00:10:43.970><c> thing</c><00:10:44.090><c> that</c><00:10:44.389><c> makes</c><00:10:45.389><c> creatures</c><00:10:45.970><c> do</c><00:10:46.470><c> things</c>

00:10:47.169 --> 00:10:49.789
without<00:10:48.450><c> any</c><00:10:48.769><c> guidance,</c>

00:10:50.169 --> 00:10:54.889
without<00:10:50.429><c> any</c><00:10:51.490><c> teaching,</c><00:10:52.789><c> without</c><00:10:53.070><c> any</c><00:10:53.830><c> knowledge.</c>

00:10:55.039 --> 00:10:58.690
Without,<00:10:55.809><c> you</c><00:10:55.950><c> know,</c><00:10:56.169><c> these,</c><00:10:56.850><c> there's</c><00:10:57.230><c> such</c><00:10:57.370><c> amazing</c><00:10:57.710><c> things.</c>

00:10:59.330 --> 00:11:00.769
Let<00:10:59.610><c> me</c><00:10:59.769><c> show</c><00:10:59.909><c> you</c><00:11:00.009><c> a</c><00:11:00.090><c> couple</c><00:11:00.230><c> of</c><00:11:00.429><c> examples.</c>

00:11:00.950 --> 00:11:04.049
I'm<00:11:01.190><c> gonna</c><00:11:01.350><c> leave</c><00:11:01.610><c> out</c><00:11:01.909><c> the</c><00:11:02.090><c> Krebs</c><00:11:02.429><c> Citric</c><00:11:02.870><c> Acid</c><00:11:03.110><c> Cycle.</c>

00:11:04.970 --> 00:11:09.870
Let's<00:11:05.389><c> look</c><00:11:05.629><c> at</c><00:11:06.490><c> one</c><00:11:07.429><c> of</c><00:11:07.570><c> the</c><00:11:07.730><c> big</c><00:11:07.950><c> things</c><00:11:08.429><c> about</c><00:11:08.889><c> evolution.</c>

00:11:10.750 --> 00:11:12.009
This<00:11:10.870><c> is</c><00:11:10.990><c> a</c><00:11:11.090><c> big</c><00:11:11.190><c> one.</c>

00:11:12.450 --> 00:11:17.009
They<00:11:12.769><c> say</c><00:11:13.549><c> that</c><00:11:14.190><c> birds</c><00:11:14.850><c> evolved</c><00:11:15.629><c> from</c><00:11:16.129><c> reptiles.</c>

00:11:18.070 --> 00:11:22.889
Now,<00:11:18.210><c> there</c><00:11:18.529><c> are</c><00:11:18.629><c> any</c><00:11:19.129><c> number</c><00:11:19.809><c> of</c><00:11:21.549><c> things</c><00:11:21.830><c> in</c><00:11:22.149><c> the</c><00:11:22.289><c> way</c><00:11:22.409><c> of</c><00:11:22.649><c> that.</c>

00:11:22.889 --> 00:11:25.110
Any<00:11:23.549><c> number</c><00:11:24.090><c> of</c><00:11:24.289><c> things.</c>

00:11:25.490 --> 00:11:30.029
But<00:11:25.850><c> they</c><00:11:26.750><c> keep</c><00:11:26.929><c> finding</c><00:11:27.470><c> fossil</c><00:11:28.190><c> birds</c><00:11:28.690><c> in</c><00:11:29.149><c> China.</c>

00:11:30.570 --> 00:11:34.549
And<00:11:30.769><c> China</c><00:11:30.889><c> is</c><00:11:31.049><c> well</c><00:11:31.269><c> known</c><00:11:31.529><c> as</c><00:11:32.549><c> a</c><00:11:32.870><c> nation</c><00:11:33.129><c> of</c><00:11:33.389><c> fossil</c><00:11:33.629><c> fakers.</c>

00:11:37.409 --> 00:11:40.269
I<00:11:38.090><c> mean,</c><00:11:38.250><c> there</c><00:11:38.370><c> was</c><00:11:38.490><c> a</c><00:11:38.629><c> very</c><00:11:38.850><c> famous</c><00:11:39.090><c> example</c><00:11:39.509><c> in</c><00:11:39.889><c> National</c>

00:11:40.269 --> 00:11:41.629
Geographic<00:11:40.690><c> magazine.</c>

00:11:43.610 --> 00:11:48.129
They,<00:11:43.789><c> the</c><00:11:43.909><c> paleontologists</c><00:11:44.590><c> in</c><00:11:44.850><c> China</c><00:11:45.129><c> dug</c><00:11:45.350><c> up</c><00:11:45.590><c> this</c><00:11:47.149><c> specimen.</c>

00:11:49.570 --> 00:11:53.690
And<00:11:50.049><c> they</c><00:11:50.529><c> advertised</c><00:11:51.309><c> it,</c><00:11:51.509><c> this</c><00:11:51.649><c> is</c><00:11:51.929><c> halfway</c><00:11:52.330><c> between</c><00:11:52.789><c> reptile</c><00:11:53.330><c> and</c><00:11:53.509><c> bird.</c>

00:11:53.710 --> 00:11:58.070
Just<00:11:53.909><c> look</c><00:11:54.090><c> at</c><00:11:54.289><c> this</c><00:11:54.490><c> thing</c><00:11:54.629><c> here,</c><00:11:54.909><c> wings,</c><00:11:55.490><c> feathers,</c><00:11:56.509><c> you</c><00:11:56.509><c> know,</c><00:11:56.809><c> all</c><00:11:56.970><c> that</c><00:11:57.110><c> sort</c><00:11:57.230><c> of</c><00:11:57.389><c> stuff.</c>

00:11:58.210 --> 00:12:02.330
And<00:11:58.490><c> they</c><00:11:58.669><c> put</c><00:11:58.769><c> it</c><00:11:58.889><c> on</c><00:11:59.049><c> the</c><00:11:59.350><c> front</c><00:11:59.769><c> cover</c><00:12:00.149><c> of</c><00:12:00.690><c> National</c><00:12:00.950><c> Geographic,</c>

00:12:02.529 --> 00:12:06.110
only<00:12:02.889><c> to</c><00:12:03.149><c> discover</c><00:12:03.590><c> that</c><00:12:04.289><c> the</c><00:12:04.470><c> fossil</c><00:12:04.769><c> had</c><00:12:05.129><c> been</c><00:12:05.370><c> faked.</c>

00:12:06.909 --> 00:12:08.730
And<00:12:06.929><c> so</c><00:12:07.090><c> an</c><00:12:07.250><c> awful</c><00:12:07.409><c> lot</c><00:12:07.570><c> of</c><00:12:07.669><c> people</c><00:12:07.889><c> came</c><00:12:08.090><c> up</c><00:12:08.230><c> with</c><00:12:08.350><c> an</c><00:12:08.549><c> awful</c>

00:12:08.730 --> 00:12:10.610
lot<00:12:08.909><c> of</c><00:12:09.110><c> egg</c><00:12:09.330><c> on</c><00:12:09.590><c> their</c><00:12:09.809><c> faces.</c>

00:12:11.330 --> 00:12:15.669
They,<00:12:11.809><c> it,</c><00:12:12.549><c> it,</c><00:12:12.549><c> it</c><00:12:12.549><c> was</c><00:12:12.549><c> a</c><00:12:13.009><c> total</c><00:12:13.909><c> forgery.</c>

00:12:15.809 --> 00:12:17.909
Because<00:12:16.049><c> the</c><00:12:16.289><c> Chinese</c><00:12:16.450><c> are</c><00:12:16.629><c> very</c><00:12:16.929><c> good</c><00:12:17.070><c> at</c><00:12:17.250><c> faking</c><00:12:17.529><c> things</c>

00:12:17.909 --> 00:12:19.490
and<00:12:18.149><c> forging</c><00:12:18.509><c> things.</c>

00:12:19.529 --> 00:12:23.090
I've<00:12:19.710><c> got</c><00:12:19.789><c> a</c><00:12:19.950><c> painting</c><00:12:20.169><c> in</c><00:12:20.350><c> my</c><00:12:20.590><c> room</c><00:12:21.429><c> of,</c><00:12:22.409><c> made</c><00:12:22.830><c> a,</c>

00:12:23.090 --> 00:12:27.629
a<00:12:23.309><c> copy</c><00:12:23.529><c> made</c><00:12:23.970><c> by</c><00:12:24.289><c> a</c><00:12:24.289><c> Chinese</c><00:12:24.669><c> artist</c><00:12:25.110><c> of</c><00:12:25.710><c> a</c><00:12:25.830><c> painting</c><00:12:26.090><c> by</c><00:12:26.549><c> Vermeer.</c>

00:12:27.789 --> 00:12:29.429
And<00:12:27.970><c> I</c><00:12:28.169><c> promise</c><00:12:28.350><c> you,</c><00:12:28.610><c> if</c><00:12:28.669><c> Vermeer</c><00:12:28.950><c> looked</c><00:12:29.149><c> at</c><00:12:29.289><c> this,</c>

00:12:29.429 --> 00:12:31.190
he'd,<00:12:29.610><c> he'd</c><00:12:29.809><c> have</c><00:12:29.929><c> a</c><00:12:30.009><c> job</c><00:12:30.169><c> deciding</c><00:12:30.470><c> whether</c><00:12:30.649><c> it</c><00:12:30.730><c> was</c><00:12:30.889><c> his</c><00:12:31.070><c> own</c>

00:12:31.190 --> 00:12:32.110
or<00:12:31.370><c> not.</c>

00:12:32.330 --> 00:12:33.710
It<00:12:32.509><c> is</c><00:12:32.669><c> so</c><00:12:33.090><c> well</c><00:12:33.450><c> done.</c>

00:12:34.009 --> 00:12:36.690
And<00:12:34.230><c> this</c><00:12:34.490><c> fossil</c><00:12:34.830><c> was</c><00:12:35.129><c> so</c><00:12:35.629><c> well</c><00:12:36.070><c> done.</c>

00:12:37.070 --> 00:12:39.450
Stuck<00:12:37.409><c> together,</c><00:12:37.970><c> glued</c><00:12:38.090><c> together,</c><00:12:38.690><c> whatever</c><00:12:38.889><c> it</c><00:12:39.070><c> is</c><00:12:39.289><c> that</c>

00:12:39.450 --> 00:12:40.330
the<00:12:39.490><c> man</c><00:12:39.549><c> did.</c>

00:12:40.690 --> 00:12:44.529
It<00:12:40.889><c> got</c><00:12:41.090><c> National</c><00:12:41.450><c> Geographic</c><00:12:41.889><c> and</c><00:12:42.090><c> he</c><00:12:42.269><c> made</c><00:12:42.769><c> hundreds</c><00:12:43.250><c> of</c><00:12:43.490><c> thousands</c><00:12:43.789><c> of</c><00:12:44.049><c> dollars</c>

00:12:44.529 --> 00:12:47.649
by<00:12:45.169><c> selling</c><00:12:45.389><c> it</c><00:12:45.789><c> to</c><00:12:45.950><c> them,</c><00:12:46.769><c> and</c><00:12:47.029><c> they</c><00:12:47.169><c> took</c><00:12:47.289><c> it</c><00:12:47.450><c> up.</c>

00:12:48.110 --> 00:12:50.009
So<00:12:48.289><c> when</c><00:12:48.429><c> you</c><00:12:48.629><c> see</c><00:12:48.750><c> these</c><00:12:48.950><c> things</c><00:12:49.049><c> on</c><00:12:49.269><c> National</c><00:12:49.529><c> Geographic</c>

00:12:50.009 --> 00:12:51.669
magazine<00:12:50.370><c> on</c><00:12:50.590><c> the</c><00:12:50.710><c> front</c><00:12:50.870><c> cover,</c>

00:12:51.889 --> 00:12:54.750
just<00:12:52.190><c> be</c><00:12:52.490><c> a</c><00:12:52.649><c> little</c><00:12:52.870><c> bit</c><00:12:53.830><c> skeptical.</c>

00:12:55.090 --> 00:12:58.269
It<00:12:55.570><c> may</c><00:12:55.769><c> not</c><00:12:56.070><c> be</c><00:12:56.429><c> quite</c><00:12:56.710><c> as</c><00:12:56.970><c> they</c><00:12:57.250><c> say</c><00:12:57.490><c> it.</c>

00:12:58.929 --> 00:13:02.730
Now,<00:12:59.169><c> let's</c><00:12:59.429><c> go</c><00:12:59.710><c> to</c><00:13:00.289><c> this</c><00:13:01.330><c> problem</c><00:13:01.789><c> here.</c>

00:13:02.970 --> 00:13:06.409
A<00:13:03.269><c> reptile</c><00:13:04.009><c> is</c><00:13:04.210><c> going</c><00:13:04.309><c> to</c><00:13:04.490><c> become</c><00:13:04.870><c> a</c><00:13:05.529><c> bird,</c><00:13:06.029><c> yeah?</c>

00:13:06.789 --> 00:13:09.950
Here<00:13:07.289><c> is</c><00:13:07.830><c> the</c><00:13:08.230><c> biggest</c><00:13:08.769><c> problem</c><00:13:09.370><c> of</c><00:13:09.669><c> all.</c>

00:13:10.309 --> 00:13:12.309
Feathers,<00:13:11.210><c> bad</c><00:13:11.370><c> news.</c>

00:13:12.990 --> 00:13:15.269
Bones,<00:13:14.210><c> bad</c><00:13:14.269><c> news.</c>

00:13:15.509 --> 00:13:17.490
Flying,<00:13:16.850><c> bad</c><00:13:17.049><c> news.</c>

00:13:17.909 --> 00:13:21.070
But<00:13:18.090><c> the</c><00:13:18.330><c> worst</c><00:13:18.649><c> news</c><00:13:18.889><c> of</c><00:13:19.149><c> all</c><00:13:19.409><c> for</c><00:13:20.190><c> these</c><00:13:20.610><c> people,</c>

00:13:21.389 --> 00:13:24.789
who<00:13:21.529><c> are</c><00:13:21.669><c> trying</c><00:13:21.850><c> to</c><00:13:21.990><c> say</c><00:13:22.169><c> that</c><00:13:22.330><c> the</c><00:13:22.529><c> reptiles</c><00:13:23.250><c> became</c><00:13:23.769><c> birds,</c>

00:13:24.950 --> 00:13:28.529
the<00:13:25.269><c> worst</c><00:13:25.610><c> news</c><00:13:25.830><c> of</c><00:13:26.129><c> all</c><00:13:26.429><c> is</c><00:13:26.769><c> to</c><00:13:26.929><c> do</c><00:13:27.070><c> with</c><00:13:27.269><c> the</c><00:13:27.490><c> reptile</c><00:13:28.169><c> and</c>

00:13:28.529 --> 00:13:29.750
the<00:13:28.730><c> bird</c><00:13:28.970><c> lung.</c>

00:13:31.350 --> 00:13:36.049
How<00:13:31.750><c> does</c><00:13:32.429><c> the</c><00:13:33.250><c> reptile</c><00:13:33.889><c> lung,</c><00:13:34.409><c> which</c><00:13:34.629><c> is</c><00:13:34.889><c> this,</c>

00:13:38.129 --> 00:13:39.909
which<00:13:38.330><c> is</c><00:13:38.490><c> very</c><00:13:38.750><c> much</c><00:13:38.889><c> like</c><00:13:39.309><c> ours,</c>

00:13:39.909 --> 00:13:43.190
there<00:13:39.909><c> are</c><00:13:41.470><c> two</c><00:13:41.809><c> balloons</c><00:13:42.429><c> in</c><00:13:42.669><c> here,</c>

00:13:43.429 --> 00:13:47.250
which<00:13:43.610><c> are</c><00:13:43.830><c> filled</c><00:13:43.970><c> up</c><00:13:44.570><c> through</c><00:13:44.929><c> that</c><00:13:45.590><c> pipe</c><00:13:45.830><c> there,</c><00:13:47.049><c> the</c>

00:13:47.250 --> 00:13:50.230
trachea<00:13:48.070><c> there.</c>

00:13:50.730 --> 00:13:57.929
How<00:13:50.970><c> does</c><00:13:51.230><c> that</c><00:13:51.649><c> system</c><00:13:52.409><c> become</c><00:13:54.789><c> that</c><00:13:56.970><c> system?</c>

00:13:58.230 --> 00:13:59.610
Completely<00:13:58.690><c> different.</c>

00:14:00.169 --> 00:14:03.210
What<00:14:00.389><c> happens</c><00:14:00.710><c> in</c><00:14:01.070><c> our</c><00:14:01.409><c> case,</c><00:14:02.250><c> oh,</c><00:14:02.450><c> let</c><00:14:02.570><c> me</c><00:14:02.690><c> stand</c><00:14:02.850><c> up</c><00:14:03.029><c> here.</c>

00:14:03.450 --> 00:14:07.830
What<00:14:03.669><c> happens</c><00:14:03.830><c> in</c><00:14:04.009><c> our</c><00:14:04.210><c> case</c><00:14:04.570><c> is</c><00:14:04.909><c> that</c><00:14:05.129><c> the</c><00:14:05.370><c> air</c><00:14:05.649><c> comes</c><00:14:06.110><c> in</c><00:14:06.590><c> through</c><00:14:06.990><c> the</c><00:14:07.190><c> nostrils,</c>

00:14:07.830 --> 00:14:11.429
down<00:14:08.490><c> the</c><00:14:08.730><c> trachea,</c><00:14:09.450><c> into</c><00:14:09.769><c> the</c><00:14:10.049><c> lungs</c><00:14:10.429><c> here,</c>

00:14:11.809 --> 00:14:14.850
fills<00:14:12.090><c> them</c><00:14:12.429><c> up,</c><00:14:13.629><c> and</c><00:14:13.889><c> then</c><00:14:14.009><c> you</c><00:14:14.169><c> breathe</c><00:14:14.409><c> out,</c>

00:14:15.129 --> 00:14:21.330
and<00:14:15.269><c> it</c><00:14:15.490><c> goes</c><00:14:16.029><c> back</c><00:14:16.409><c> out</c><00:14:17.330><c> that</c><00:14:17.929><c> way,</c><00:14:19.350><c> in</c><00:14:19.750><c> and</c><00:14:20.350><c> out.</c>

00:14:21.389 --> 00:14:24.509
Because<00:14:21.970><c> it's</c><00:14:22.850><c> an</c><00:14:22.929><c> in</c><00:14:23.190><c> and</c><00:14:23.330><c> out</c><00:14:23.490><c> system,</c>

00:14:24.730 --> 00:14:27.429
the<00:14:24.889><c> air</c><00:14:25.070><c> in</c><00:14:25.289><c> the</c><00:14:25.450><c> lung</c><00:14:25.590><c> is</c><00:14:26.330><c> mixed,</c>

00:14:28.250 --> 00:14:30.870
some<00:14:28.570><c> used</c><00:14:28.929><c> air,</c><00:14:29.470><c> some</c><00:14:29.850><c> unused</c><00:14:30.330><c> air.</c>

00:14:31.370 --> 00:14:34.029
And<00:14:31.710><c> because</c><00:14:31.950><c> of</c><00:14:32.169><c> that,</c><00:14:32.690><c> our</c><00:14:33.029><c> respiration</c><00:14:33.610><c> system</c>

00:14:34.029 --> 00:14:37.710
is<00:14:34.370><c> not</c><00:14:34.669><c> as</c><00:14:34.990><c> effective</c><00:14:35.470><c> and</c><00:14:35.909><c> efficient</c><00:14:36.210><c> as</c><00:14:36.370><c> it</c><00:14:36.610><c> might</c><00:14:36.830><c> be.</c>

00:14:38.049 --> 00:14:40.129
But<00:14:38.230><c> look</c><00:14:38.370><c> what</c><00:14:38.549><c> happens</c><00:14:38.730><c> to</c><00:14:38.870><c> the</c><00:14:39.029><c> bird.</c>

00:14:41.669 --> 00:14:45.230
Thus,<00:14:42.990><c> the</c><00:14:43.149><c> bird</c><00:14:43.590><c> breathes</c><00:14:44.090><c> in,</c>

00:14:45.649 --> 00:14:48.289
it<00:14:45.850><c> passes</c><00:14:46.190><c> into</c><00:14:46.669><c> its</c><00:14:46.889><c> breathing</c><00:14:47.149><c> system</c>

00:14:48.259 --> 00:14:53.629
and<00:14:48.690><c> goes</c><00:14:48.990><c> out,</c><00:14:50.669><c> back</c><00:14:51.129><c> to</c><00:14:52.450><c> the</c><00:14:52.629><c> nostrils.</c>

00:14:53.730 --> 00:14:57.870
It's<00:14:54.070><c> only</c><00:14:54.809><c> flowing</c><00:14:55.230><c> in</c><00:14:56.009><c> one</c><00:14:56.649><c> direction.</c>

00:14:58.049 --> 00:14:59.370
Can<00:14:58.210><c> you</c><00:14:58.289><c> see</c><00:14:58.429><c> that?</c>

00:15:00.389 --> 00:15:01.830
One<00:15:00.950><c> direction.</c>

00:15:01.830 --> 00:15:07.049
How<00:15:02.610><c> did</c><00:15:03.090><c> that</c><00:15:04.590><c> become</c><00:15:05.970><c> this?</c>

00:15:08.070 --> 00:15:10.450
There's<00:15:08.490><c> absolutely</c><00:15:08.950><c> no</c><00:15:09.269><c> explanation</c><00:15:09.789><c> for</c><00:15:10.009><c> it,</c>

00:15:10.649 --> 00:15:13.490
and<00:15:10.809><c> the</c><00:15:11.009><c> birds</c><00:15:11.169><c> are</c><00:15:11.350><c> one</c><00:15:11.529><c> of</c><00:15:11.649><c> the</c><00:15:11.850><c> largest</c><00:15:12.210><c> groups</c><00:15:12.750><c> in</c><00:15:13.309><c> the</c>

00:15:13.490 --> 00:15:14.570
animal<00:15:13.730><c> kingdom.</c>

00:15:14.649 --> 00:15:17.950
How<00:15:15.009><c> did</c><00:15:15.309><c> that</c><00:15:16.289><c> conceivably</c><00:15:17.110><c> happen?</c>

00:15:18.549 --> 00:15:20.029
Look<00:15:18.769><c> at</c><00:15:18.950><c> this.</c>

00:15:21.610 --> 00:15:25.389
This<00:15:21.769><c> is</c><00:15:21.929><c> a</c><00:15:22.070><c> diagram</c><00:15:22.490><c> of</c><00:15:23.350><c> the</c><00:15:23.509><c> lungs</c><00:15:23.950><c> of</c><00:15:24.509><c> a</c><00:15:24.629><c> bird.</c>

00:15:26.970 --> 00:15:29.570
Here<00:15:27.330><c> is</c><00:15:27.590><c> the</c><00:15:27.750><c> trachea,</c><00:15:28.169><c> where</c><00:15:28.450><c> the</c><00:15:28.549><c> air</c><00:15:28.629><c> comes</c><00:15:28.970><c> in.</c>

00:15:29.570 --> 00:15:35.210
It<00:15:30.289><c> passes</c><00:15:30.889><c> in</c><00:15:31.730><c> along</c><00:15:31.889><c> here,</c><00:15:32.549><c> into</c><00:15:33.049><c> some</c><00:15:33.470><c> air</c><00:15:33.830><c> sacs.</c>

00:15:35.470 --> 00:15:38.789
There's<00:15:35.730><c> a</c><00:15:35.909><c> cranial</c><00:15:36.289><c> air</c><00:15:36.570><c> sac,</c><00:15:37.289><c> there's</c><00:15:37.570><c> a</c><00:15:37.769><c> caudal</c><00:15:38.169><c> air</c><00:15:38.470><c> sac,</c>

00:15:39.110 --> 00:15:40.950
there's<00:15:39.450><c> an</c><00:15:39.649><c> abdominal</c><00:15:40.230><c> air</c><00:15:40.629><c> sac.</c>

00:15:41.309 --> 00:15:45.970
So<00:15:41.730><c> when</c><00:15:41.990><c> a</c><00:15:42.190><c> bird</c><00:15:42.330><c> breathes</c><00:15:42.889><c> in,</c><00:15:43.769><c> the</c><00:15:43.950><c> air</c><00:15:44.250><c> does</c><00:15:44.629><c> not</c><00:15:45.029><c> go</c><00:15:45.570><c> into</c>

00:15:45.970 --> 00:15:47.070
its<00:15:46.230><c> lungs.</c>

00:15:47.610 --> 00:15:51.409
It<00:15:47.889><c> goes</c><00:15:48.210><c> into</c><00:15:48.529><c> these</c><00:15:49.769><c> air</c><00:15:50.269><c> sacs.</c>

00:15:51.549 --> 00:15:53.309
Another<00:15:51.850><c> one</c><00:15:52.190><c> up</c><00:15:52.429><c> here.</c>

00:15:53.649 --> 00:15:57.929
What<00:15:53.909><c> then</c><00:15:54.190><c> happens</c><00:15:54.789><c> is</c><00:15:56.250><c> that</c><00:15:56.429><c> it</c><00:15:56.570><c> breathes</c><00:15:56.929><c> out.</c>

00:16:00.090 --> 00:16:02.309
And<00:16:00.789><c> this</c><00:16:00.990><c> is</c><00:16:01.129><c> how</c><00:16:01.269><c> it</c><00:16:01.409><c> goes.</c>

00:16:03.610 --> 00:16:08.370
The<00:16:04.009><c> abdomen</c><00:16:04.350><c> of</c><00:16:04.450><c> the</c><00:16:04.570><c> bird</c><00:16:04.730><c> contracts</c><00:16:05.289><c> and</c><00:16:05.990><c> squeezes</c><00:16:06.629><c> the</c><00:16:06.830><c> air</c><00:16:06.990><c> out</c><00:16:07.629><c> of</c><00:16:08.029><c> itself,</c>

00:16:08.450 --> 00:16:10.830
and<00:16:09.029><c> now</c><00:16:09.389><c> it</c><00:16:09.610><c> passes</c><00:16:09.950><c> into</c><00:16:10.250><c> the</c><00:16:10.509><c> lungs,</c>

00:16:11.269 --> 00:16:16.610
into<00:16:11.490><c> these</c><00:16:11.970><c> minute</c><00:16:12.590><c> tubules</c><00:16:13.190><c> and</c><00:16:13.450><c> tubes</c><00:16:13.909><c> called</c><00:16:15.009><c> parabronchi.</c>

00:16:16.970 --> 00:16:21.990
It<00:16:17.169><c> goes</c><00:16:17.309><c> in,</c><00:16:18.850><c> out</c><00:16:19.090><c> along</c><00:16:19.309><c> there,</c><00:16:20.269><c> and</c><00:16:20.610><c> then</c><00:16:20.809><c> back</c><00:16:21.029><c> out.</c>

00:16:22.570 --> 00:16:26.389
Up<00:16:22.909><c> there,</c><00:16:24.090><c> along</c><00:16:24.350><c> there,</c><00:16:25.289><c> and</c><00:16:25.529><c> out.</c>

00:16:26.600 --> 00:16:31.350
Up<00:16:27.070><c> there,</c><00:16:28.350><c> along</c><00:16:28.629><c> there,</c><00:16:30.269><c> and</c><00:16:30.509><c> out.</c>

00:16:31.710 --> 00:16:40.350
So<00:16:32.289><c> the</c><00:16:32.830><c> incoming</c><00:16:33.370><c> air</c><00:16:34.090><c> here</c><00:16:35.309><c> never</c><00:16:36.190><c> mixes</c><00:16:37.070><c> with</c><00:16:37.850><c> the</c><00:16:38.289><c> outgoing</c><00:16:39.029><c> air.</c>

00:16:41.389 --> 00:16:42.370
Never.

00:16:42.529 --> 00:16:46.029
And<00:16:42.850><c> therefore,</c><00:16:43.750><c> the</c><00:16:43.929><c> bird's</c><00:16:44.470><c> breathing</c><00:16:44.830><c> system</c>

00:16:46.210 --> 00:16:49.750
is<00:16:46.750><c> far,</c><00:16:47.169><c> far</c><00:16:47.429><c> more</c><00:16:47.750><c> efficient</c><00:16:48.250><c> than</c><00:16:49.230><c> our</c><00:16:49.549><c> own.</c>

00:16:50.210 --> 00:16:54.490
It<00:16:50.409><c> is</c><00:16:50.649><c> a</c><00:16:50.850><c> one</c><00:16:51.149><c>-way</c><00:16:51.450><c> system,</c><00:16:52.389><c> whereas</c><00:16:52.669><c> ours</c><00:16:53.009><c> is</c><00:16:53.409><c> a</c><00:16:53.610><c> two</c><00:16:53.830><c>-way</c><00:16:54.049><c> system.</c>

00:16:54.970 --> 00:16:58.429
If<00:16:55.370><c> you</c><00:16:55.529><c> can</c><00:16:55.690><c> try</c><00:16:55.889><c> imagining</c><00:16:56.389><c> how</c><00:16:56.889><c> your</c><00:16:57.210><c> lungs</c><00:16:57.470><c> could</c><00:16:57.730><c> possibly</c>

00:16:58.429 --> 00:17:02.409
send<00:16:59.029><c> air</c><00:16:59.230><c> back</c><00:16:59.450><c> out</c><00:16:59.610><c> that</c><00:16:59.850><c> way,</c><00:17:00.409><c> you'd</c><00:17:00.570><c> be</c><00:17:00.669><c> doing</c><00:17:01.809><c> very,</c><00:17:02.409><c> very</c>

00:17:02.409 --> 00:17:02.929
well<00:17:02.549><c> indeed.</c>

00:17:03.269 --> 00:17:05.009
You'd<00:17:03.490><c> have</c><00:17:03.590><c> to</c><00:17:03.830><c> develop</c><00:17:04.029><c> a</c><00:17:04.250><c> hole</c><00:17:04.329><c> in</c><00:17:04.490><c> the</c><00:17:04.589><c> bottom</c><00:17:04.750><c> of</c><00:17:04.910><c> the</c>

00:17:05.009 --> 00:17:06.349
lungs,<00:17:05.210><c> don't</c><00:17:05.309><c> you?</c>

00:17:07.130 --> 00:17:09.329
And<00:17:07.309><c> then</c><00:17:07.430><c> that</c><00:17:07.630><c> will</c><00:17:07.789><c> go</c><00:17:08.049><c> out</c><00:17:08.289><c> and</c><00:17:08.509><c> back</c><00:17:08.650><c> up</c><00:17:08.809><c> to</c><00:17:08.890><c> your</c><00:17:09.009><c> nose,</c>

00:17:09.670 --> 00:17:11.250
and<00:17:09.930><c> you'll</c><00:17:10.109><c> be</c><00:17:10.269><c> dead.</c>

00:17:13.130 --> 00:17:15.609
Because<00:17:13.390><c> in</c><00:17:13.549><c> the</c><00:17:13.690><c> bottom</c><00:17:13.930><c> of</c><00:17:14.109><c> your</c><00:17:14.269><c> lungs,</c><00:17:14.609><c> there's</c><00:17:14.690><c> a</c><00:17:14.869><c> great</c><00:17:15.170><c> hole,</c>

00:17:16.049 --> 00:17:16.710
you're<00:17:16.230><c> going</c><00:17:16.349><c> to</c><00:17:16.490><c> laugh.</c>

00:17:16.950 --> 00:17:17.750
It's<00:17:17.069><c> very</c><00:17:17.210><c> simple</c><00:17:17.410><c> as</c><00:17:17.569><c> that.</c>

00:17:17.970 --> 00:17:21.190
So<00:17:18.369><c> when</c><00:17:18.569><c> we</c><00:17:18.710><c> go</c><00:17:18.970><c> back</c><00:17:19.250><c> to</c><00:17:19.470><c> that</c><00:17:19.609><c> again,</c><00:17:19.990><c> just</c><00:17:20.269><c> briefly,</c>

00:17:23.630 --> 00:17:27.910
here,<00:17:24.150><c> it</c><00:17:24.670><c> doesn't</c><00:17:24.990><c> go</c><00:17:25.529><c> that</c><00:17:25.990><c> way,</c><00:17:26.390><c> in</c><00:17:26.730><c> and</c><00:17:27.210><c> out,</c><00:17:27.529><c> that</c><00:17:27.730><c> way</c>

00:17:27.910 --> 00:17:28.589
through<00:17:28.130><c> the</c><00:17:28.309><c> lungs.</c>

00:17:28.990 --> 00:17:33.990
It<00:17:29.069><c> goes</c><00:17:29.250><c> into</c><00:17:29.609><c> these</c><00:17:29.910><c> sacs,</c><00:17:31.150><c> and</c><00:17:31.410><c> then</c><00:17:31.630><c> when</c><00:17:31.769><c> it</c><00:17:31.990><c> breathes</c><00:17:32.369><c> out,</c>

00:17:35.650 --> 00:17:36.390
it<00:17:35.710><c> goes</c><00:17:35.910><c> out</c><00:17:36.109><c> that</c><00:17:36.269><c> way.</c>

00:17:36.430 --> 00:17:39.150
You<00:17:36.569><c> breathe</c><00:17:36.809><c> in</c><00:17:37.269><c> one</c><00:17:37.490><c> way,</c><00:17:38.089><c> and</c><00:17:38.470><c> out</c><00:17:38.690><c> the</c><00:17:38.930><c> other.</c>

00:17:39.589 --> 00:17:42.289
Never<00:17:40.029><c> do</c><00:17:40.250><c> the</c><00:17:40.490><c> two</c><00:17:41.529><c> meet.</c>

00:17:43.710 --> 00:17:46.609
And<00:17:43.990><c> because</c><00:17:44.269><c> of</c><00:17:44.390><c> that,</c><00:17:44.609><c> the</c><00:17:44.769><c> bird's</c><00:17:45.410><c> system</c><00:17:45.730><c> is</c><00:17:46.069><c> a</c><00:17:46.329><c> lot,</c>

00:17:46.650 --> 00:17:48.950
lot<00:17:46.769><c> more</c><00:17:47.049><c> efficient</c><00:17:47.490><c> than</c><00:17:48.430><c> our</c><00:17:48.750><c> own.</c>

00:17:48.950 --> 00:17:57.710
That,<00:17:49.890><c> to</c><00:17:49.890><c> me,</c><00:17:50.250><c> is</c><00:17:50.349><c> the</c><00:17:50.509><c> biggest</c><00:17:51.430><c> single</c><00:17:52.250><c> thing</c><00:17:53.710><c> against</c><00:17:56.049><c> the</c><00:17:56.990><c> theory</c>

00:17:57.660 --> 00:18:00.529
that<00:17:58.049><c> the</c><00:17:58.269><c> birds</c><00:17:58.509><c> evolved</c><00:17:59.089><c> from</c><00:17:59.450><c> the</c><00:17:59.589><c> reptiles.</c>

00:18:00.769 --> 00:18:04.789
Question,<00:18:01.769><c> how</c><00:18:02.049><c> did</c><00:18:02.230><c> that</c><00:18:02.509><c> behavior</c><00:18:02.990><c> or</c><00:18:03.289><c> process</c><00:18:03.690><c> arise?</c>

00:18:07.759 --> 00:18:12.509
How<00:18:08.150><c> did</c><00:18:08.390><c> that</c><00:18:08.630><c> information</c><00:18:09.289><c> to</c><00:18:09.789><c> construct</c><00:18:10.470><c> an</c><00:18:10.990><c> entirely</c><00:18:11.609><c> new</c>

00:18:12.509 --> 00:18:13.690
breathing<00:18:13.029><c> system</c>

00:18:13.690 --> 00:18:17.349
enter<00:18:14.569><c> the</c><00:18:14.869><c> genome</c><00:18:15.250><c> so</c><00:18:15.750><c> that</c><00:18:16.269><c> all</c><00:18:16.490><c> the</c><00:18:16.650><c> birds</c><00:18:16.869><c> thereafter</c>

00:18:17.349 --> 00:18:18.470
would<00:18:17.670><c> have</c><00:18:17.849><c> the</c><00:18:18.049><c> same</c><00:18:18.250><c> system?</c>

00:18:18.470 --> 00:18:20.329
How<00:18:18.789><c> did</c><00:18:18.950><c> it</c><00:18:19.069><c> do</c><00:18:19.269><c> that?</c>

00:18:21.329 --> 00:18:22.490
No<00:18:21.569><c> answer.</c>

00:18:23.730 --> 00:18:25.369
No<00:18:24.029><c> answer</c><00:18:24.309><c> at</c><00:18:24.529><c> all.</c>

00:18:31.390 --> 00:18:35.869
I'd<00:18:32.069><c> like</c><00:18:32.089><c> to</c><00:18:32.269><c> show</c><00:18:32.390><c> you</c><00:18:33.430><c> this</c><00:18:34.089><c> little</c><00:18:34.349><c> diagram</c><00:18:34.730><c> here,</c>

00:18:36.069 --> 00:18:39.529
which<00:18:36.190><c> is</c><00:18:37.289><c> a</c><00:18:37.289><c> process</c><00:18:37.670><c> that</c><00:18:38.049><c> is</c><00:18:38.369><c> going</c><00:18:38.549><c> on</c><00:18:38.789><c> all</c><00:18:39.049><c> the</c><00:18:39.210><c> time</c><00:18:39.329><c> in</c>

00:18:39.529 --> 00:18:40.990
everybody's<00:18:40.490><c> cells,</c>

00:18:41.809 --> 00:18:43.210
called<00:18:41.990><c> mitosis.</c>

00:18:43.549 --> 00:18:46.950
Your<00:18:43.829><c> cells</c><00:18:44.170><c> are</c><00:18:44.549><c> dividing</c><00:18:45.069><c> all</c><00:18:46.009><c> the</c><00:18:46.289><c> time.</c>

00:18:46.950 --> 00:18:50.910
It<00:18:47.369><c> splits</c><00:18:47.509><c> up</c><00:18:47.690><c> into</c><00:18:47.950><c> two</c><00:18:48.529><c> new</c><00:18:48.910><c> cells,</c><00:18:49.869><c> usually.</c>

00:18:51.650 --> 00:18:53.950
And<00:18:51.829><c> it's</c><00:18:51.970><c> a</c><00:18:52.069><c> quite</c><00:18:52.190><c> complicated</c><00:18:52.690><c> process.</c>

00:18:56.670 --> 00:18:59.630
Well,<00:18:56.769><c> let's</c><00:18:56.930><c> not</c><00:18:57.069><c> go</c><00:18:57.190><c> into</c><00:18:57.369><c> this,</c><00:18:58.130><c> but</c><00:18:58.609><c> a</c><00:18:58.829><c> spindle</c><00:18:59.170><c> forms</c><00:18:59.430><c> in</c>

00:18:59.630 --> 00:18:59.990
the<00:18:59.829><c> cell.</c>

00:19:00.170 --> 00:19:03.650
The<00:19:00.289><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:01.089><c> and</c><00:19:01.309><c> chromatids</c><00:19:01.970><c> join</c><00:19:02.309><c> up</c><00:19:02.529><c> along</c><00:19:02.730><c> the</c><00:19:03.049><c> equator</c><00:19:03.410><c> of</c><00:19:03.549><c> it,</c>

00:19:03.650 --> 00:19:04.210
as<00:19:03.730><c> it's</c><00:19:04.049><c> called.</c>

00:19:04.430 --> 00:19:07.029
Then<00:19:04.589><c> they</c><00:19:04.789><c> split</c><00:19:04.990><c> up,</c><00:19:05.470><c> and</c><00:19:05.690><c> they</c><00:19:05.829><c> go</c><00:19:06.150><c> their</c><00:19:06.390><c> separate</c><00:19:06.690><c> ways.</c>

00:19:07.529 --> 00:19:09.730
But<00:19:07.750><c> what</c><00:19:08.049><c> happens,</c><00:19:08.490><c> and</c><00:19:08.630><c> this</c><00:19:08.789><c> is</c><00:19:08.910><c> the</c><00:19:09.089><c> important</c><00:19:09.349><c> point,</c>

00:19:10.049 --> 00:19:13.450
if<00:19:10.210><c> you</c><00:19:10.369><c> had</c><00:19:10.509><c> 24</c><00:19:11.069><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:11.589><c> in</c><00:19:11.730><c> your</c><00:19:11.970><c> normal</c><00:19:12.309><c> cell,</c>

00:19:13.470 --> 00:19:18.069
when<00:19:13.769><c> it's</c><00:19:14.089><c> devised</c><00:19:14.369><c> by</c><00:19:14.630><c> mitosis,</c><00:19:16.049><c> then</c><00:19:16.250><c> two</c><00:19:16.529><c> new</c><00:19:16.809><c> cells</c><00:19:17.369><c> also</c>

00:19:18.069 --> 00:19:20.250
contain<00:19:18.710><c> 24</c><00:19:19.250><c> chromosomes.</c>

00:19:20.910 --> 00:19:24.309
Because<00:19:21.250><c> if</c><00:19:21.349><c> they</c><00:19:21.490><c> didn't,</c><00:19:22.109><c> it</c><00:19:22.130><c> could</c><00:19:22.329><c> be</c><00:19:23.009><c> very</c><00:19:23.230><c> bad</c><00:19:23.490><c> news.</c>

00:19:24.569 --> 00:19:26.829
Because<00:19:24.910><c> every</c><00:19:25.130><c> one</c><00:19:25.250><c> of</c><00:19:25.349><c> those</c><00:19:25.549><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:25.970><c> in</c><00:19:26.230><c> your</c><00:19:26.529><c> cells</c>

00:19:26.829 --> 00:19:28.869
is<00:19:27.369><c> extremely</c><00:19:27.829><c> important.</c>

00:19:29.630 --> 00:19:34.150
So<00:19:30.230><c> here,</c><00:19:31.450><c> the</c><00:19:31.630><c> division</c><00:19:31.829><c> is</c><00:19:32.069><c> taking</c><00:19:32.250><c> place,</c><00:19:33.130><c> and</c><00:19:33.369><c> the</c><00:19:33.470><c> same</c><00:19:33.769><c> number</c>

00:19:34.150 --> 00:19:37.910
of<00:19:34.430><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:34.769><c> here,</c><00:19:35.990><c> and</c><00:19:36.210><c> the</c><00:19:36.230><c> same</c><00:19:36.390><c> number</c><00:19:36.690><c> of</c><00:19:36.930><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:37.230><c> here,</c>

00:19:38.309 --> 00:19:40.930
is<00:19:38.430><c> the</c><00:19:38.609><c> original</c><00:19:39.009><c> number</c><00:19:39.289><c> of</c><00:19:39.549><c> chromosomes</c><00:19:39.950><c> there.</c>

00:19:41.170 --> 00:19:43.410
Well,<00:19:41.869><c> it</c><00:19:42.009><c> sounds</c><00:19:42.170><c> simple</c><00:19:42.470><c> enough.</c>

00:19:43.589 --> 00:19:47.769
But<00:19:43.809><c> now,</c><00:19:44.170><c> let's</c><00:19:44.410><c> see</c><00:19:44.609><c> if</c><00:19:44.769><c> I</c><00:19:44.829><c> can</c><00:19:45.049><c> show</c><00:19:45.269><c> you</c><00:19:46.410><c> the</c><00:19:46.930><c> other</c><00:19:47.150><c> one,</c>

00:19:48.109 --> 00:19:49.329
this<00:19:48.369><c> one.</c>

00:19:52.589 --> 00:19:55.430
This<00:19:52.990><c> is</c><00:19:53.170><c> the</c><00:19:53.309><c> one</c><00:19:53.430><c> with</c><00:19:53.609><c> which</c><00:19:53.750><c> I</c><00:19:54.009><c> forced</c><00:19:54.430><c> the</c><00:19:54.890><c> evolutionists</c>

00:19:55.430 --> 00:19:59.109
in<00:19:55.609><c> our</c><00:19:56.410><c> community</c><00:19:56.910><c> to</c><00:19:57.190><c> admit</c><00:19:57.470><c> that</c><00:19:58.150><c> they</c><00:19:58.369><c> had</c><00:19:58.529><c> no</c><00:19:58.710><c> idea</c><00:19:58.930><c> how</c>

00:19:59.109 --> 00:19:59.430
it<00:19:59.289><c> came</c>

00:19:59.430 --> 00:20:02.910
about,<00:20:01.470><c> cell</c><00:20:01.869><c> division.</c>

00:20:04.009 --> 00:20:10.130
We<00:20:04.569><c> produce</c><00:20:05.109><c> two</c><00:20:05.529><c> kinds</c><00:20:06.069><c> of</c><00:20:07.029><c> sex</c><00:20:07.490><c> cells,</c><00:20:09.029><c> eggs</c><00:20:09.309><c> on</c><00:20:09.490><c> the</c><00:20:09.609><c> one</c><00:20:09.789><c> hand,</c>

00:20:10.130 --> 00:20:11.630
sperms<00:20:11.009><c> on</c><00:20:11.210><c> the</c><00:20:11.329><c> other.</c>

00:20:11.869 --> 00:20:12.230
Right?

00:20:12.630 --> 00:20:13.809
Right.

00:20:14.750 --> 00:20:16.430
You<00:20:14.890><c> know</c><00:20:15.049><c> this,</c><00:20:15.450><c> don't</c><00:20:15.450><c> you?</c>

00:20:18.849 --> 00:20:19.289
24?

00:20:19.690 --> 00:20:21.170
Let's<00:20:20.109><c> say</c><00:20:20.230><c> 24.</c>

00:20:21.809 --> 00:20:25.730
Now,<00:20:23.589><c> here</c><00:20:23.990><c> is</c><00:20:24.410><c> what</c><00:20:24.630><c> happens.</c>

00:20:26.809 --> 00:20:32.089
If<00:20:27.650><c> one</c><00:20:28.450><c> sperm</c><00:20:29.009><c> combines</c><00:20:30.269><c> with</c><00:20:30.890><c> one</c><00:20:31.089><c> egg,</c>

00:20:32.289 --> 00:20:35.009
and<00:20:32.450><c> the</c><00:20:32.609><c> sperm</c><00:20:32.849><c> contains</c><00:20:33.349><c> 24</c><00:20:33.930><c> chromosomes,</c>

00:20:35.150 --> 00:20:38.509
and<00:20:35.329><c> the</c><00:20:35.490><c> egg</c><00:20:35.670><c> contains</c><00:20:36.089><c> 24</c><00:20:36.670><c> chromosomes,</c><00:20:37.210><c> and</c><00:20:37.430><c> they</c><00:20:37.650><c> join</c><00:20:37.910><c> up,</c>

00:20:38.509 --> 00:20:40.230
what<00:20:39.069><c> have</c><00:20:39.210><c> you</c><00:20:39.410><c> got?</c>

00:20:40.930 --> 00:20:44.990
You've<00:20:41.029><c> got</c><00:20:41.109><c> a</c><00:20:41.230><c> new</c><00:20:41.529><c> cell</c><00:20:41.750><c> with</c><00:20:43.210><c> 48</c><00:20:43.769><c> chromosomes.</c>

00:20:46.029 --> 00:20:46.509
That's<00:20:46.289><c> it.</c>

00:20:46.509 --> 00:20:47.049
It's<00:20:46.769><c> finished.</c>

00:20:47.329 --> 00:20:48.250
It<00:20:47.509><c> won't</c><00:20:47.630><c> go</c><00:20:47.809><c> any</c><00:20:47.950><c> further.</c>

00:20:48.410 --> 00:20:49.529
It's<00:20:48.670><c> dead.</c>

00:20:49.650 --> 00:20:50.670
It's<00:20:49.930><c> done.</c>

00:20:51.089 --> 00:20:53.569
So<00:20:51.329><c> what</c><00:20:51.670><c> happens</c><00:20:52.150><c> with</c><00:20:52.470><c> this</c><00:20:53.109><c> process,</c>

00:20:53.589 --> 00:20:58.930
which<00:20:53.769><c> I</c><00:20:54.069><c> think</c><00:20:54.730><c> is</c><00:20:55.809><c> almost</c><00:20:56.109><c> magical,</c><00:20:57.170><c> the</c><00:20:57.329><c> meiosis,</c><00:20:57.990><c> it's</c><00:20:58.109><c> called.</c>

00:20:59.069 --> 00:21:03.769
You<00:20:59.650><c> start</c><00:20:59.950><c> off</c><00:21:00.210><c> with</c><00:21:01.230><c> a</c><00:21:01.450><c> cell</c><00:21:01.589><c> like</c><00:21:01.970><c> that,</c><00:21:02.450><c> a</c><00:21:02.670><c> nucleus</c><00:21:03.029><c> like</c><00:21:03.369><c> that,</c>

00:21:03.930 --> 00:21:06.829
with<00:21:04.170><c> one,</c><00:21:04.410><c> two,</c><00:21:04.670><c> three,</c><00:21:04.950><c> four</c><00:21:05.190><c> chromosomes</c><00:21:05.690><c> in</c><00:21:05.930><c> it.</c>

00:21:07.269 --> 00:21:10.170
When<00:21:07.589><c> this</c><00:21:08.029><c> process</c><00:21:08.470><c> has</c><00:21:08.769><c> finished</c><00:21:09.130><c> and</c><00:21:09.369><c> taken</c><00:21:09.589><c> place,</c>

00:21:10.670 --> 00:21:16.150
four<00:21:11.109><c> new</c><00:21:11.430><c> cells</c><00:21:11.750><c> are</c><00:21:12.029><c> produced,</c><00:21:12.970><c> each</c><00:21:13.450><c> one</c><00:21:14.089><c> with</c><00:21:14.769><c> half</c>

00:21:16.609 --> 00:21:18.569
the<00:21:17.250><c> original</c><00:21:17.650><c> number.</c>

00:21:19.890 --> 00:21:20.609
Yeah?

00:21:20.930 --> 00:21:23.690
So<00:21:21.109><c> here's</c><00:21:21.430><c> a</c><00:21:21.569><c> sperm,</c><00:21:22.410><c> here's</c><00:21:22.690><c> an</c><00:21:22.869><c> egg.</c>

00:21:23.890 --> 00:21:28.049
So<00:21:24.089><c> when</c><00:21:24.450><c> those</c><00:21:24.970><c> two</c><00:21:25.230><c> combine,</c><00:21:27.009><c> what</c><00:21:27.309><c> number</c><00:21:27.569><c> of</c><00:21:27.809><c> chromosomes</c>

00:21:28.049 --> 00:21:29.069
have<00:21:28.230><c> you</c><00:21:28.349><c> got?</c>

00:21:29.430 --> 00:21:30.829
You've<00:21:29.950><c> got</c><00:21:30.049><c> back</c><00:21:30.230><c> your</c><00:21:30.430><c> original</c><00:21:30.690><c> four.</c>

00:21:30.829 --> 00:21:31.789
Let's<00:21:31.250><c> use</c><00:21:31.430><c> the</c><00:21:31.650><c> four.</c>

00:21:31.970 --> 00:21:34.029
You've<00:21:32.170><c> got</c><00:21:32.230><c> your</c><00:21:32.369><c> back</c><00:21:32.549><c> your</c><00:21:32.789><c> original</c><00:21:33.049><c> four.</c>

00:21:34.730 --> 00:21:35.569
Yeah?

00:21:35.789 --> 00:21:39.029
So<00:21:36.069><c> the</c><00:21:36.390><c> purpose</c><00:21:37.029><c> of</c><00:21:37.430><c> this</c><00:21:37.710><c> division</c><00:21:38.109><c> is</c>

00:21:39.029 --> 00:21:42.430
to<00:21:39.369><c> divide</c><00:21:39.650><c> in</c><00:21:40.029><c> such</c><00:21:40.230><c> a</c><00:21:40.410><c> way</c><00:21:40.730><c> as</c><00:21:40.950><c> to</c><00:21:41.130><c> produce</c><00:21:41.470><c> two</c><00:21:41.869><c> or</c><00:21:42.109><c> four</c>

00:21:42.430 --> 00:21:46.730
new<00:21:42.710><c> cells</c><00:21:43.049><c> with</c><00:21:43.789><c> half</c><00:21:44.289><c> the</c><00:21:44.609><c> number</c><00:21:44.890><c> of</c><00:21:45.130><c> chromosomes</c><00:21:45.470><c> in.</c>

00:21:46.910 --> 00:21:49.990
Tell<00:21:47.109><c> me,</c><00:21:48.529><c> can</c><00:21:48.730><c> a</c><00:21:48.950><c> cell</c><00:21:49.089><c> count?</c>

00:21:52.890 --> 00:21:55.349
It<00:21:53.250><c> can't,</c><00:21:53.529><c> but</c><00:21:53.710><c> that's</c><00:21:53.869><c> what</c><00:21:53.990><c> it's</c><00:21:54.150><c> doing</c><00:21:54.390><c> here.</c>

00:21:55.529 --> 00:21:57.529
Does<00:21:55.750><c> a</c><00:21:55.970><c> cell</c><00:21:56.130><c> know</c><00:21:56.509><c> that</c><00:21:56.809><c> any</c><00:21:57.009><c> given</c><00:21:57.250><c> cell,</c>

00:21:57.690 --> 00:22:00.589
does<00:21:57.910><c> it</c><00:21:58.150><c> know</c><00:21:58.470><c> that</c><00:21:58.930><c> it's</c><00:21:59.549><c> one</c><00:21:59.910><c> sperm</c><00:22:00.230><c> here</c>

00:22:00.589 --> 00:22:02.349
is<00:22:00.910><c> going</c><00:22:01.029><c> to</c><00:22:01.170><c> combine</c><00:22:01.410><c> with</c><00:22:01.609><c> one</c><00:22:01.890><c> egg</c><00:22:02.109><c> there?</c>

00:22:02.450 --> 00:22:03.910
Does<00:22:02.630><c> it</c><00:22:02.809><c> know</c><00:22:02.990><c> that?</c>

00:22:04.109 --> 00:22:05.170
No.

00:22:05.329 --> 00:22:06.970
And<00:22:05.589><c> yet</c><00:22:05.750><c> it</c><00:22:06.009><c> does</c><00:22:06.250><c> it.</c>

00:22:07.089 --> 00:22:10.569
It<00:22:07.650><c> halves</c><00:22:08.089><c> the</c><00:22:08.369><c> number</c><00:22:08.670><c> of</c><00:22:08.990><c> chromosomes</c><00:22:09.390><c> every</c><00:22:10.269><c> time.</c>

00:22:10.769 --> 00:22:12.990
So<00:22:10.990><c> when</c><00:22:11.230><c> two</c><00:22:11.450><c> come</c><00:22:11.690><c> together,</c><00:22:12.250><c> thus,</c><00:22:12.869><c> you</c>

00:22:12.990 --> 00:22:16.190
get<00:22:13.190><c> back</c><00:22:13.329><c> the</c><00:22:13.609><c> original</c><00:22:13.930><c> number,</c><00:22:14.670><c> and</c><00:22:14.990><c> that</c><00:22:15.269><c> new</c><00:22:15.609><c> cell</c><00:22:15.849><c> there</c>

00:22:16.190 --> 00:22:19.849
can<00:22:16.569><c> divide</c><00:22:17.069><c> to</c><00:22:17.569><c> produce</c><00:22:18.150><c> the</c><00:22:18.730><c> new</c><00:22:18.890><c> organism.</c>

00:22:20.150 --> 00:22:25.829
It's<00:22:20.329><c> an</c><00:22:20.529><c> extremely</c><00:22:21.670><c> clever</c><00:22:23.430><c> device</c><00:22:24.369><c> that</c><00:22:25.190><c> God</c><00:22:25.329><c> has</c><00:22:25.470><c> put</c><00:22:25.650><c> here.</c>

00:22:26.049 --> 00:22:28.349
It's<00:22:26.289><c> in</c><00:22:26.490><c> every</c><00:22:27.049><c> single</c><00:22:27.569><c> one</c><00:22:27.990><c> of</c><00:22:28.130><c> us.</c>

00:22:28.589 --> 00:22:30.329
It's<00:22:28.609><c> going</c><00:22:28.750><c> on</c><00:22:28.990><c> at</c><00:22:29.210><c> this</c><00:22:29.470><c> moment.</c>

00:22:32.309 --> 00:22:34.529
Didn't<00:22:32.910><c> know</c><00:22:33.109><c> that,</c><00:22:33.329><c> did</c><00:22:33.390><c> you?</c>

00:22:34.750 --> 00:22:36.250
I<00:22:34.890><c> bet</c><00:22:34.950><c> you</c><00:22:35.130><c> did,</c><00:22:35.309><c> actually.</c>

00:22:36.730 --> 00:22:37.569
Right.

00:22:38.069 --> 00:22:41.269
I'm<00:22:38.670><c> talking</c><00:22:38.930><c> here</c><00:22:39.170><c> about</c><00:22:39.349><c> the</c><00:22:39.650><c> reproduction</c><00:22:40.230><c> of</c><00:22:40.529><c> cells.</c>

00:22:41.490 --> 00:22:45.509
Let<00:22:41.690><c> me</c><00:22:41.869><c> show</c><00:22:42.089><c> you</c><00:22:42.990><c> some</c><00:22:43.329><c> things</c><00:22:43.789><c> which,</c><00:22:44.170><c> in</c><00:22:44.309><c> my</c><00:22:44.509><c> opinion,</c>

00:22:45.890 --> 00:22:48.430
could<00:22:46.069><c> not</c><00:22:46.509><c> possibly</c><00:22:47.049><c> have</c><00:22:47.410><c> evolved.</c>

00:22:51.509 --> 00:22:52.910
This<00:22:51.710><c> is</c><00:22:51.930><c> reproduction.</c>

00:22:53.230 --> 00:22:55.190
Here<00:22:53.490><c> is</c><00:22:53.690><c> an</c><00:22:53.990><c> orchid.</c>

00:22:55.210 --> 00:22:58.109
It's<00:22:55.529><c> called</c><00:22:55.950><c> the</c><00:22:56.430><c> bucket</c><00:22:56.869><c> orchid.</c>

00:22:58.769 --> 00:22:59.809
It's<00:22:58.910><c> not</c><00:22:59.009><c> a</c><00:22:59.089><c> particularly</c><00:22:59.430><c> good</c><00:22:59.630><c> diagram,</c>

00:22:59.809 --> 00:23:01.849
I'm<00:23:00.130><c> sorry</c><00:23:00.349><c> I</c><00:23:00.569><c> couldn't</c><00:23:00.789><c> find</c><00:23:00.930><c> a</c><00:23:01.029><c> better</c><00:23:01.230><c> one.</c>

00:23:01.910 --> 00:23:02.950
But<00:23:01.930><c> here</c><00:23:02.289><c> we</c><00:23:02.450><c> go.</c>

00:23:03.309 --> 00:23:04.430
What<00:23:03.490><c> happens?</c>

00:23:04.950 --> 00:23:09.710
The<00:23:05.289><c> plant,</c><00:23:05.650><c> or</c><00:23:05.730><c> the</c><00:23:06.029><c> flower,</c><00:23:07.130><c> has</c><00:23:07.470><c> a</c><00:23:07.809><c> bucket</c><00:23:08.210><c>-shaped</c><00:23:08.990><c> bottom</c><00:23:09.509><c> lip,</c>

00:23:09.869 --> 00:23:13.569
a<00:23:10.029><c> labellum</c><00:23:10.470><c> it's</c><00:23:10.769><c> called,</c><00:23:12.109><c> shaped</c><00:23:12.410><c> like</c><00:23:12.670><c> a</c><00:23:12.789><c> bucket.</c>

00:23:14.210 --> 00:23:21.569
And<00:23:14.809><c> it's</c><00:23:15.390><c> got</c><00:23:15.849><c> an</c><00:23:16.809><c> overflow</c><00:23:17.269><c> here</c><00:23:18.210><c> somewhere,</c><00:23:20.150><c> just</c><00:23:20.569><c> there.</c>

00:23:23.730 --> 00:23:26.869
Above<00:23:24.230><c> that</c><00:23:24.990><c> bucket,</c><00:23:25.470><c> here's</c><00:23:25.809><c> the</c><00:23:25.990><c> bucket.</c>

00:23:26.890 --> 00:23:30.430
So<00:23:27.309><c> above</c><00:23:28.529><c> it</c><00:23:28.910><c> is</c><00:23:29.269><c> a</c><00:23:29.450><c> petal</c><00:23:29.690><c> at</c><00:23:29.890><c> the</c><00:23:30.029><c> top</c><00:23:30.210><c> there.</c>

00:23:30.650 --> 00:23:33.049
And<00:23:31.049><c> that</c><00:23:31.390><c> petal</c><00:23:31.750><c> at</c><00:23:31.970><c> the</c><00:23:32.170><c> top</c><00:23:32.369><c> there</c><00:23:32.710><c> has</c>

00:23:33.049 --> 00:23:37.069
got<00:23:33.250><c> a</c><00:23:33.509><c> gland</c><00:23:33.750><c> on</c><00:23:34.049><c> it</c><00:23:34.349><c> which</c><00:23:34.650><c> drips</c><00:23:35.150><c> liquid</c><00:23:35.650><c> into</c><00:23:36.130><c> the</c><00:23:36.289><c> bucket.</c>

00:23:38.589 --> 00:23:39.450
Yeah?

00:23:40.890 --> 00:23:42.450
And<00:23:41.109><c> it</c><00:23:41.210><c> fills</c><00:23:41.309><c> up</c><00:23:41.509><c> the</c><00:23:41.650><c> bucket.</c>

00:23:42.970 --> 00:23:48.869
But<00:23:43.210><c> it</c><00:23:43.369><c> doesn't</c><00:23:43.670><c> quite</c><00:23:44.089><c> fill</c><00:23:44.309><c> it</c><00:23:44.470><c> up</c><00:23:44.970><c> because</c><00:23:45.849><c> there</c><00:23:46.170><c> is</c><00:23:46.509><c> an</c><00:23:47.890><c> overflow.</c>

00:23:49.589 --> 00:23:53.250
It<00:23:49.750><c> comes</c><00:23:49.930><c> up</c><00:23:50.130><c> to</c><00:23:50.250><c> a</c><00:23:50.369><c> certain</c><00:23:50.529><c> level</c><00:23:50.849><c> and</c><00:23:51.049><c> then</c><00:23:51.289><c> starts</c><00:23:52.630><c> to</c>

00:23:53.250 --> 00:23:54.369
pour<00:23:53.369><c> out.</c>

00:23:54.950 --> 00:23:56.210
I'm<00:23:55.109><c> sorry</c><00:23:55.150><c> this</c><00:23:55.450><c> diagram</c><00:23:55.750><c> is</c><00:23:55.990><c> so</c><00:23:56.150><c> poor.</c>

00:23:56.210 --> 00:23:56.869
It<00:23:56.309><c> really</c><00:23:56.650><c> is.</c>

00:23:56.890 --> 00:23:58.410
I<00:23:57.069><c> should</c><00:23:57.109><c> have</c><00:23:57.190><c> got</c><00:23:57.269><c> a</c><00:23:57.390><c> better</c><00:23:57.569><c> one.</c>

00:23:58.769 --> 00:24:00.430
But<00:23:58.990><c> here's</c><00:23:59.309><c> what</c><00:23:59.490><c> happens.</c>

00:24:01.569 --> 00:24:06.970
There's<00:24:02.170><c> one</c><00:24:02.769><c> blue</c><00:24:03.650><c> bee,</c><00:24:05.069><c> a</c><00:24:05.210><c> euglossine</c><00:24:05.769><c> bee</c><00:24:05.930><c> they</c><00:24:06.150><c> call</c><00:24:06.329><c> it,</c>

00:24:07.269 --> 00:24:11.210
which<00:24:07.609><c> comes</c><00:24:07.950><c> to</c><00:24:08.210><c> this</c><00:24:08.509><c> flower</c><00:24:08.910><c> to</c><00:24:09.890><c> fertilize</c><00:24:10.329><c> it.</c>

00:24:11.410 --> 00:24:15.369
Now<00:24:11.589><c> you</c><00:24:11.690><c> all</c><00:24:11.809><c> know</c><00:24:11.990><c> about</c><00:24:12.289><c> pollen</c><00:24:12.690><c> and</c><00:24:14.670><c> ovules</c><00:24:15.029><c> and</c><00:24:15.250><c> things</c>

00:24:15.369 --> 00:24:16.410
like<00:24:15.569><c> that?</c>

00:24:16.950 --> 00:24:18.130
You<00:24:17.210><c> do?</c>

00:24:21.109 --> 00:24:22.329
Please<00:24:21.710><c> reassure</c><00:24:22.130><c> me.</c>

00:24:22.369 --> 00:24:23.630
You<00:24:22.509><c> do</c><00:24:22.730><c> know</c><00:24:22.869><c> something</c><00:24:23.069><c> about</c><00:24:23.269><c> that.</c>

00:24:24.069 --> 00:24:25.170
Right.

00:24:25.349 --> 00:24:26.410
OK.

00:24:27.509 --> 00:24:35.809
The<00:24:27.690><c> bee</c><00:24:27.890><c> comes</c><00:24:28.430><c> and</c><00:24:29.789><c> lands</c><00:24:30.230><c> on</c><00:24:31.069><c> the</c><00:24:31.289><c> lip</c><00:24:32.029><c> here</c><00:24:33.890><c> of</c><00:24:34.890><c> the</c><00:24:35.049><c> bucket.</c>

00:24:38.609 --> 00:24:41.950
It's<00:24:39.170><c> made</c><00:24:39.309><c> of</c><00:24:39.509><c> some</c><00:24:39.750><c> substance</c><00:24:40.230><c> which</c><00:24:40.789><c> it</c><00:24:40.970><c> loves.</c>

00:24:42.170 --> 00:24:43.329
They<00:24:42.329><c> say</c><00:24:42.450><c> it's</c><00:24:42.589><c> an</c><00:24:42.789><c> aphrodisiac.</c>

00:24:43.329 --> 00:24:44.750
I<00:24:43.450><c> don't</c><00:24:43.690><c> know.</c>

00:24:44.789 --> 00:24:47.549
But<00:24:45.250><c> they</c><00:24:46.730><c> just</c><00:24:46.950><c> love</c><00:24:47.069><c> it.</c>

00:24:47.730 --> 00:24:50.130
And<00:24:47.890><c> not</c><00:24:48.029><c> only</c><00:24:48.250><c> one</c><00:24:48.589><c> comes,</c><00:24:49.190><c> several</c><00:24:49.609><c> come.</c>

00:24:50.589 --> 00:24:52.630
And<00:24:50.910><c> they</c><00:24:51.049><c> all</c><00:24:51.210><c> come</c><00:24:51.349><c> to</c><00:24:51.529><c> have</c><00:24:51.710><c> a</c><00:24:51.869><c> chew.</c>

00:24:52.970 --> 00:24:57.049
So<00:24:53.490><c> they</c><00:24:53.730><c> get</c><00:24:53.950><c> onto</c><00:24:54.190><c> the</c><00:24:54.349><c> lip</c><00:24:54.490><c> of</c><00:24:56.089><c> the</c><00:24:56.190><c> bucket</c>

00:24:57.250 --> 00:24:59.130
and<00:24:57.589><c> they're</c><00:24:57.910><c> trying</c><00:24:58.130><c> to</c><00:24:58.329><c> have</c><00:24:58.490><c> a</c><00:24:58.630><c> chew.</c>

00:24:59.589 --> 00:25:01.890
And<00:24:59.769><c> they're</c><00:24:59.950><c> pushing</c><00:25:00.150><c> and</c><00:25:00.410><c> shoving,</c><00:25:00.730><c> just</c><00:25:00.869><c> like</c><00:25:01.230><c> people</c><00:25:01.490><c> do.</c>

00:25:02.150 --> 00:25:03.890
They're<00:25:02.529><c> pushing</c><00:25:02.750><c> and</c><00:25:03.009><c> shoving.</c>

00:25:04.430 --> 00:25:09.730
And<00:25:04.950><c> sooner</c><00:25:05.170><c> or</c><00:25:05.369><c> later,</c><00:25:06.329><c> one</c><00:25:06.789><c> falls</c><00:25:07.430><c> into</c><00:25:07.769><c> the</c><00:25:07.930><c> bucket,</c><00:25:09.430><c> into</c>

00:25:09.730 --> 00:25:10.710
the<00:25:09.910><c> liquid.</c>

00:25:11.390 --> 00:25:12.210
Yeah.

00:25:12.990 --> 00:25:13.930
OK.

00:25:13.990 --> 00:25:15.269
It<00:25:14.109><c> doesn't</c><00:25:14.309><c> drown.</c>

00:25:15.309 --> 00:25:16.930
It's<00:25:15.529><c> not</c><00:25:15.730><c> deep</c><00:25:15.990><c> enough.</c>

00:25:17.190 --> 00:25:22.089
As<00:25:17.630><c> he</c><00:25:17.789><c> falls</c><00:25:18.109><c> into</c><00:25:18.390><c> this</c><00:25:18.569><c> bucket,</c><00:25:20.150><c> and</c><00:25:20.349><c> he's</c><00:25:20.549><c> swimming</c><00:25:20.670><c> around</c><00:25:20.990><c> in</c><00:25:21.190><c> there.</c>

00:25:22.690 --> 00:25:24.349
He's<00:25:22.910><c> trying</c><00:25:23.029><c> to</c><00:25:23.130><c> get</c><00:25:23.309><c> out,</c><00:25:23.470><c> obviously.</c>

00:25:24.390 --> 00:25:29.009
But<00:25:24.549><c> he</c><00:25:24.710><c> can't,</c><00:25:25.829><c> because</c><00:25:26.410><c> the</c><00:25:26.950><c> walls</c><00:25:27.309><c> of</c><00:25:27.549><c> the</c><00:25:27.710><c> bucket</c><00:25:28.029><c> are</c><00:25:28.829><c> far</c>

00:25:29.009 --> 00:25:30.289
too<00:25:29.289><c> smooth.</c>

00:25:30.490 --> 00:25:31.890
And<00:25:30.609><c> he's</c><00:25:30.829><c> trying</c><00:25:30.970><c> his</c><00:25:31.009><c> best</c><00:25:31.210><c> to</c><00:25:31.410><c> climb</c><00:25:31.509><c> up</c><00:25:31.710><c> there,</c>

00:25:31.890 --> 00:25:35.029
and<00:25:32.069><c> he</c><00:25:32.190><c> can't</c><00:25:32.390><c> get</c><00:25:32.630><c> out</c><00:25:33.490><c> until,</c><00:25:34.450><c> believe</c><00:25:34.650><c> it</c><00:25:34.849><c> or</c><00:25:34.930><c> not,</c>

00:25:35.109 --> 00:25:38.730
I<00:25:35.210><c> saw</c><00:25:35.289><c> this</c><00:25:35.450><c> thing</c><00:25:35.589><c> actually</c><00:25:35.950><c> happen,</c><00:25:37.450><c> until</c><00:25:38.109><c> he</c><00:25:38.369><c> comes</c>

00:25:38.730 --> 00:25:40.829
towards<00:25:38.990><c> the</c><00:25:39.410><c> inside</c><00:25:39.730><c> of</c><00:25:39.930><c> the</c><00:25:40.109><c> flower.</c>

00:25:40.869 --> 00:25:41.630
And<00:25:41.029><c> he's</c><00:25:41.269><c> here</c><00:25:41.470><c> now.</c>

00:25:41.630 --> 00:25:42.789
Here's<00:25:41.849><c> the</c><00:25:42.009><c> bucket.</c>

00:25:42.809 --> 00:25:45.470
He's<00:25:43.109><c> come</c><00:25:43.269><c> to</c><00:25:43.430><c> the</c><00:25:43.650><c> inside</c><00:25:44.049><c> of</c><00:25:44.230><c> the</c><00:25:44.390><c> flower</c><00:25:44.549><c> here.</c>

00:25:45.390 --> 00:25:50.890
And<00:25:45.730><c> on</c><00:25:46.390><c> the</c><00:25:46.650><c> inside</c><00:25:47.269><c> of</c><00:25:47.630><c> the</c><00:25:47.930><c> flower,</c><00:25:48.009><c> of</c><00:25:48.250><c> the</c><00:25:48.490><c> bucket,</c><00:25:49.690><c> guess</c><00:25:49.869><c> what?</c>

00:25:52.450 --> 00:25:54.009
There's<00:25:52.809><c> a</c><00:25:53.009><c> step.</c>

00:25:56.930 --> 00:26:01.910
Here's<00:25:57.170><c> a</c><00:25:57.349><c> little</c><00:25:57.609><c> step</c><00:25:58.230><c> that</c><00:25:59.450><c> he</c><00:25:59.750><c> finds</c><00:26:00.150><c> and</c><00:26:01.210><c> shouts,</c><00:26:01.670><c> hallelujah.</c>

00:26:05.289 --> 00:26:07.109
Yes,<00:26:05.970><c> he</c><00:26:06.250><c> says.</c>

00:26:07.170 --> 00:26:10.950
Climbs<00:26:07.509><c> onto</c><00:26:07.750><c> the</c><00:26:08.029><c> step,</c><00:26:08.890><c> and</c><00:26:09.190><c> that</c><00:26:09.630><c> takes</c><00:26:09.970><c> him</c>

00:26:10.950 --> 00:26:13.369
to<00:26:11.470><c> the</c><00:26:11.710><c> inside</c><00:26:12.210><c> of</c><00:26:12.410><c> the</c><00:26:12.589><c> flower.</c>

00:26:14.089 --> 00:26:15.269
Yeah?

00:26:16.029 --> 00:26:17.509
What<00:26:16.250><c> happens</c><00:26:16.569><c> inside?</c>

00:26:18.710 --> 00:26:22.230
The<00:26:19.049><c> anthers,</c><00:26:20.130><c> which</c><00:26:20.450><c> have</c><00:26:20.769><c> the</c><00:26:21.009><c> pollen</c><00:26:21.230><c> on</c><00:26:21.369><c> them.</c>

00:26:22.690 --> 00:26:24.109
Here<00:26:22.930><c> he</c><00:26:23.069><c> is</c><00:26:23.250><c> now.</c>

00:26:24.490 --> 00:26:25.890
Here<00:26:24.650><c> are</c><00:26:24.789><c> the</c><00:26:24.930><c> anthers,</c><00:26:25.430><c> up</c><00:26:25.509><c> here.</c>

00:26:26.250 --> 00:26:29.589
The<00:26:26.650><c> anthers</c><00:26:27.109><c> come</c><00:26:27.490><c> down</c><00:26:27.910><c> onto</c><00:26:28.150><c> his</c><00:26:28.470><c> back,</c>

00:26:32.130 --> 00:26:34.809
and<00:26:32.390><c> glue</c><00:26:32.710><c> themselves</c><00:26:33.230><c> onto</c><00:26:33.670><c> his</c><00:26:33.930><c> back.</c>

00:26:35.250 --> 00:26:38.630
But<00:26:35.490><c> the</c><00:26:35.789><c> flower,</c><00:26:35.970><c> in</c><00:26:36.210><c> the</c><00:26:36.309><c> meantime,</c><00:26:37.109><c> has</c><00:26:37.549><c> closed</c><00:26:37.910><c> around</c><00:26:38.289><c> him,</c>

00:26:38.809 --> 00:26:41.650
and<00:26:39.069><c> is</c><00:26:39.329><c> holding</c><00:26:39.769><c> him</c><00:26:40.069><c> so</c><00:26:40.210><c> he</c><00:26:40.390><c> can't</c><00:26:40.710><c> move.</c>

00:26:41.769 --> 00:26:45.410
He's<00:26:42.329><c> climbed</c><00:26:42.509><c> out</c><00:26:42.809><c> of</c><00:26:42.910><c> the</c><00:26:43.069><c> bucket</c><00:26:43.309><c> to</c><00:26:44.009><c> the</c><00:26:44.190><c> inside</c><00:26:44.430><c> of</c><00:26:44.609><c> the</c><00:26:44.769><c> flower,</c>

00:26:45.470 --> 00:26:48.349
and<00:26:45.630><c> he's</c><00:26:46.049><c> clamped</c><00:26:46.329><c> there,</c><00:26:46.549><c> and</c><00:26:46.730><c> he</c><00:26:47.009><c> cannot</c><00:26:47.309><c> move.</c>

00:26:49.069 --> 00:26:51.549
The<00:26:49.410><c> anthers</c><00:26:49.589><c> come</c><00:26:49.869><c> down</c><00:26:50.269><c> on</c><00:26:50.490><c> his</c><00:26:50.690><c> back,</c>

00:26:52.130 --> 00:26:54.329
and<00:26:52.230><c> guess</c><00:26:52.369><c> what</c><00:26:52.490><c> they've</c><00:26:52.750><c> got</c><00:26:52.829><c> on</c><00:26:53.009><c> them?</c>

00:26:55.490 --> 00:26:58.349
Word<00:26:55.690><c> beginning</c><00:26:56.069><c> with</c><00:26:56.369><c> gl</c><00:26:56.609><c> and</c><00:26:57.009><c> ending</c><00:26:57.349><c> in</c><00:26:57.630><c> u.</c>

00:27:01.569 --> 00:27:05.450
They've<00:27:02.130><c> got</c><00:27:02.269><c> a</c><00:27:02.589><c> glue</c><00:27:02.769><c> on</c><00:27:03.150><c> it,</c><00:27:04.210><c> and</c><00:27:04.490><c> the</c><00:27:04.809><c> glue</c>

00:27:05.450 --> 00:27:08.410
causes<00:27:06.210><c> the</c><00:27:06.569><c> anthers</c><00:27:06.730><c> to</c><00:27:07.009><c> stick</c><00:27:07.130><c> onto</c><00:27:07.390><c> his</c><00:27:07.630><c> back,</c>

00:27:08.569 --> 00:27:13.089
and<00:27:08.829><c> he's</c><00:27:09.390><c> held</c><00:27:09.690><c> there</c><00:27:10.250><c> until</c><00:27:10.869><c> the</c><00:27:11.349><c> glue</c><00:27:11.650><c> dries.</c>

00:27:14.329 --> 00:27:20.789
When<00:27:14.609><c> it's</c><00:27:15.170><c> dried,</c><00:27:17.369><c> it</c><00:27:17.430><c> lets</c><00:27:17.630><c> him</c><00:27:17.849><c> go,</c><00:27:19.289><c> and</c><00:27:19.470><c> off</c><00:27:19.609><c> he</c><00:27:19.730><c> goes</c><00:27:19.890><c> again.</c>

00:27:21.130 --> 00:27:22.269
And<00:27:21.349><c> where</c><00:27:21.470><c> does</c><00:27:21.609><c> he</c><00:27:21.710><c> go?</c>

00:27:22.769 --> 00:27:24.049
To<00:27:22.930><c> another</c><00:27:23.210><c> flower.</c>

00:27:24.589 --> 00:27:25.829
And<00:27:24.789><c> guess</c><00:27:24.890><c> what</c><00:27:25.029><c> he's</c><00:27:25.250><c> going</c><00:27:25.349><c> to</c><00:27:25.430><c> do</c><00:27:25.549><c> there?</c>

00:27:26.130 --> 00:27:26.789
Same<00:27:26.369><c> again.</c>

00:27:27.250 --> 00:27:31.029
He's<00:27:27.509><c> going</c><00:27:27.529><c> to</c><00:27:28.390><c> fight</c><00:27:28.769><c> to</c><00:27:29.109><c> get</c><00:27:29.309><c> a</c><00:27:29.509><c> chew,</c><00:27:30.269><c> climb</c><00:27:30.529><c> out</c><00:27:30.750><c> again,</c>

00:27:31.250 --> 00:27:33.269
and<00:27:31.549><c> this</c><00:27:31.849><c> time,</c><00:27:32.109><c> when</c><00:27:32.150><c> he</c><00:27:32.230><c> gets</c><00:27:32.369><c> to</c><00:27:32.569><c> the</c><00:27:32.690><c> next</c><00:27:33.029><c> flower,</c>

00:27:33.710 --> 00:27:36.130
the<00:27:34.109><c> stigma,</c><00:27:34.650><c> the</c><00:27:34.890><c> female</c><00:27:35.269><c> part</c><00:27:35.569><c> of</c><00:27:35.750><c> the</c><00:27:35.930><c> flower,</c>

00:27:36.130 --> 00:27:40.009
comes<00:27:36.650><c> down</c><00:27:37.170><c> onto</c><00:27:37.390><c> his</c><00:27:37.650><c> back</c><00:27:37.890><c> and</c><00:27:38.309><c> picks</c><00:27:38.589><c> up</c><00:27:38.910><c> the</c><00:27:39.130><c> pollen.</c>

00:27:44.430 --> 00:27:46.569
You<00:27:44.470><c> don't</c><00:27:44.650><c> believe</c><00:27:44.890><c> that,</c><00:27:45.210><c> do</c><00:27:45.210><c> you?</c>

00:27:47.009 --> 00:27:49.049
Well,<00:27:47.410><c> you're</c><00:27:47.769><c> not</c><00:27:48.009><c> alone.</c>

00:27:50.089 --> 00:27:54.309
Charles<00:27:50.529><c> Darwin</c><00:27:50.950><c> himself,</c><00:27:52.549><c> when</c><00:27:52.769><c> he</c><00:27:53.089><c> heard</c><00:27:53.509><c> about</c><00:27:53.950><c> this,</c>

00:27:54.630 --> 00:27:56.670
somebody<00:27:54.890><c> sent</c><00:27:55.150><c> a</c><00:27:55.390><c> report</c><00:27:55.670><c> to</c><00:27:55.809><c> him</c><00:27:56.009><c> from</c><00:27:56.210><c> Trinidad</c>

00:27:56.670 --> 00:28:00.329
about<00:27:57.569><c> this</c><00:27:57.910><c> particular</c><00:27:58.430><c> plant</c><00:27:58.750><c> and</c><00:27:59.009><c> the</c><00:27:59.309><c> process.</c>

00:28:00.430 --> 00:28:03.609
Charles<00:28:00.950><c> Darwin</c><00:28:01.369><c> himself</c><00:28:02.210><c> could</c><00:28:02.710><c> not</c><00:28:03.089><c> believe</c><00:28:03.349><c> it</c>

00:28:03.609 --> 00:28:05.789
until<00:28:03.890><c> he</c><00:28:04.289><c> had</c><00:28:04.589><c> checked</c><00:28:04.829><c> it</c><00:28:05.230><c> and</c><00:28:05.349><c> made</c><00:28:05.609><c> sure</c>

00:28:05.789 --> 00:28:08.829
the<00:28:05.970><c> guy</c><00:28:06.190><c> who</c><00:28:06.430><c> sent</c><00:28:06.589><c> the</c><00:28:06.829><c> report</c><00:28:07.109><c> was</c><00:28:07.430><c> a</c><00:28:07.609><c> reputable</c><00:28:07.990><c> botanist.</c>

00:28:08.930 --> 00:28:10.190
He<00:28:09.009><c> wouldn't</c><00:28:09.349><c> believe</c><00:28:09.609><c> it.</c>

00:28:10.349 --> 00:28:13.609
If<00:28:10.490><c> you</c><00:28:10.670><c> don't</c><00:28:10.849><c> believe</c><00:28:11.089><c> it,</c><00:28:11.690><c> I</c><00:28:11.849><c> don't</c><00:28:12.049><c> blame</c><00:28:12.230><c> you.</c>

00:28:13.690 --> 00:28:15.130
But<00:28:13.890><c> it's</c><00:28:14.109><c> the</c><00:28:14.250><c> truth.</c>

00:28:15.470 --> 00:28:19.369
I've<00:28:15.670><c> seen</c><00:28:15.930><c> this</c><00:28:16.190><c> happen</c><00:28:16.890><c> on</c><00:28:17.609><c> one</c><00:28:17.789><c> of</c><00:28:17.869><c> the</c><00:28:18.009><c> BBC</c><00:28:18.269><c> programs.</c>

00:28:19.390 --> 00:28:21.230
It<00:28:19.750><c> happened</c><00:28:20.170><c> just</c><00:28:20.670><c> like</c><00:28:21.029><c> that.</c>

00:28:21.450 --> 00:28:23.029
But<00:28:21.690><c> look</c><00:28:21.849><c> now,</c><00:28:22.329><c> consider.</c>

00:28:24.049 --> 00:28:25.210
Here's<00:28:24.329><c> a</c><00:28:24.470><c> bucket.</c>

00:28:25.710 --> 00:28:27.230
Where<00:28:25.910><c> did</c><00:28:25.970><c> that</c><00:28:26.089><c> come</c><00:28:26.309><c> from?</c>

00:28:28.450 --> 00:28:30.029
What<00:28:28.670><c> did</c><00:28:28.750><c> that</c><00:28:28.990><c> evolve</c><00:28:29.210><c> from?</c>

00:28:30.210 --> 00:28:32.089
Here's<00:28:30.549><c> the</c><00:28:30.789><c> overflow</c><00:28:31.130><c> somewhere.</c>

00:28:32.329 --> 00:28:34.509
How<00:28:32.609><c> come</c><00:28:32.809><c> there's</c><00:28:32.990><c> an</c><00:28:33.190><c> overflow</c><00:28:33.509><c> there?</c>

00:28:35.309 --> 00:28:36.710
Here's<00:28:35.670><c> the</c><00:28:35.930><c> step.</c>

00:28:37.150 --> 00:28:39.089
How<00:28:37.430><c> come</c><00:28:37.710><c> that's</c><00:28:38.089><c> there?</c>

00:28:40.009 --> 00:28:42.349
Inside<00:28:40.450><c> of</c><00:28:40.650><c> the</c><00:28:40.750><c> bucket</c><00:28:40.950><c> is</c><00:28:41.450><c> terribly</c><00:28:41.910><c> smooth.</c>

00:28:42.650 --> 00:28:45.029
How<00:28:42.950><c> come</c><00:28:43.210><c> that's</c><00:28:43.789><c> smooth</c><00:28:43.869><c> and</c><00:28:44.069><c> not</c><00:28:44.529><c> rough</c>

00:28:45.029 --> 00:28:46.730
and<00:28:45.430><c> the</c><00:28:45.490><c> thing</c><00:28:45.589><c> can</c><00:28:45.789><c> get</c><00:28:45.950><c> out?</c>

00:28:47.069 --> 00:28:49.529
The<00:28:47.329><c> answer</c><00:28:47.690><c> is,</c><00:28:47.930><c> how</c><00:28:48.190><c> do</c><00:28:48.410><c> they</c><00:28:48.589><c> have</c><00:28:48.809><c> this</c><00:28:49.230><c> glue</c>

00:28:49.529 --> 00:28:50.930
that<00:28:50.049><c> sticks</c><00:28:50.269><c> onto</c><00:28:50.569><c> the</c><00:28:50.769><c> back?</c>

00:28:51.230 --> 00:28:53.349
How<00:28:51.609><c> does</c><00:28:51.809><c> the</c><00:28:52.029><c> plant</c><00:28:52.170><c> know</c><00:28:52.390><c> to</c><00:28:52.569><c> hold</c><00:28:52.829><c> onto</c><00:28:53.170><c> him</c>

00:28:53.349 --> 00:28:55.849
for<00:28:53.549><c> just</c><00:28:53.750><c> long</c><00:28:53.890><c> enough</c><00:28:54.210><c> for</c><00:28:54.490><c> that</c><00:28:54.710><c> glue</c><00:28:54.869><c> to</c><00:28:55.170><c> dry?</c>

00:28:56.230 --> 00:28:59.089
How<00:28:56.569><c> come</c><00:28:56.849><c> the</c><00:28:57.690><c> stigma</c><00:28:57.970><c> knows</c><00:28:58.269><c> when</c><00:28:58.490><c> the</c><00:28:58.630><c> time</c><00:28:58.750><c> comes</c>

00:28:59.089 --> 00:29:01.990
to<00:28:59.410><c> come</c><00:28:59.589><c> down</c><00:28:59.890><c> on</c><00:29:00.130><c> his</c><00:29:00.289><c> back</c><00:29:00.470><c> like</c><00:29:00.730><c> so</c><00:29:00.970><c> to</c><00:29:01.250><c> pick</c><00:29:01.470><c> up</c><00:29:01.650><c> the</c><00:29:01.849><c> pollen?</c>

00:29:02.190 --> 00:29:03.930
How<00:29:02.509><c> does</c><00:29:02.730><c> all</c><00:29:02.930><c> this</c><00:29:03.109><c> happen?</c>

00:29:05.369 --> 00:29:07.130
It<00:29:05.529><c> couldn't</c><00:29:05.789><c> happen</c><00:29:06.109><c> by</c><00:29:06.730><c> chance.</c>

00:29:07.529 --> 00:29:09.549
It<00:29:07.670><c> was</c><00:29:07.950><c> a</c><00:29:08.230><c> design</c><00:29:08.450><c> process.</c>

00:29:09.869 --> 00:29:11.730
Who<00:29:10.190><c> designed</c><00:29:10.529><c> it?</c>

00:29:11.769 --> 00:29:13.890
Only<00:29:11.950><c> one</c><00:29:12.150><c> answer,</c><00:29:12.730><c> really.</c>

00:29:14.029 --> 00:29:15.109
The<00:29:14.190><c> Almighty.</c>

00:29:15.809 --> 00:29:19.809
Ponder<00:29:16.369><c> anew</c><00:29:16.930><c> what</c><00:29:17.849><c> the</c><00:29:18.109><c> Almighty</c><00:29:18.410><c> can</c><00:29:18.730><c> do.</c>

00:29:20.009 --> 00:29:22.269
There's<00:29:20.089><c> some</c><00:29:20.309><c> amazing</c><00:29:20.730><c> things</c><00:29:21.009><c> I</c><00:29:21.210><c> tell</c><00:29:21.349><c> you.</c>

00:29:22.369 --> 00:29:23.930
Look<00:29:22.529><c> at</c><00:29:22.650><c> this</c><00:29:22.829><c> one.</c>

00:29:23.990 --> 00:29:25.349
Here's<00:29:24.230><c> another</c><00:29:24.450><c> plant.</c>

00:29:25.869 --> 00:29:29.710
It's<00:29:26.549><c> called</c><00:29:26.750><c> Vallisneris,</c><00:29:27.809><c> really</c><00:29:28.309><c> a</c><00:29:28.430><c> very</c><00:29:28.609><c> nice</c><00:29:28.869><c> name.</c>

00:29:29.789 --> 00:29:30.849
It's<00:29:29.950><c> an</c><00:29:30.150><c> underwater</c><00:29:30.589><c> plant.</c>

00:29:30.930 --> 00:29:33.609
It's<00:29:31.029><c> a</c><00:29:31.130><c> plant</c><00:29:31.269><c> that</c><00:29:31.490><c> grows</c><00:29:32.049><c> on</c><00:29:33.150><c> the</c><00:29:33.269><c> mud</c>

00:29:33.609 --> 00:29:38.210
at<00:29:34.250><c> the</c><00:29:34.329><c> bottom</c><00:29:34.609><c> of</c><00:29:34.950><c> ponds</c><00:29:35.309><c> and</c><00:29:36.230><c> lakes</c><00:29:36.630><c> and</c><00:29:36.890><c> rivers</c><00:29:37.170><c> and</c><00:29:37.349><c> things.</c>

00:29:38.930 --> 00:29:41.470
The<00:29:39.170><c> most</c><00:29:39.410><c> amazing</c><00:29:39.849><c> plant,</c><00:29:40.250><c> it</c><00:29:40.349><c> really</c><00:29:40.569><c> is.</c>

00:29:43.089 --> 00:29:50.130
Here<00:29:43.769><c> is</c><00:29:44.450><c> the</c><00:29:46.349><c> female</c><00:29:47.950><c> flower</c><00:29:48.450><c> there.</c>

00:29:51.710 --> 00:29:56.829
It<00:29:52.430><c> produces</c><00:29:53.150><c> its</c><00:29:53.910><c> pistils,</c><00:29:56.130><c> its</c><00:29:56.470><c> stigma,</c>

00:29:57.309 --> 00:30:01.970
and<00:29:57.410><c> it</c><00:29:57.670><c> grows</c><00:29:58.069><c> up</c><00:29:58.690><c> to</c><00:29:58.950><c> the</c><00:29:59.210><c> top,</c><00:30:00.410><c> to</c><00:30:00.609><c> the</c><00:30:00.829><c> surface</c><00:30:01.329><c> there.</c>

00:30:02.109 --> 00:30:03.470
Can<00:30:02.250><c> you</c><00:30:02.329><c> see</c><00:30:02.410><c> that?</c>

00:30:03.990 --> 00:30:06.349
And<00:30:04.250><c> it</c><00:30:04.369><c> does</c><00:30:04.650><c> something</c><00:30:05.069><c> quite</c><00:30:05.349><c> remarkable.</c>

00:30:06.750 --> 00:30:11.109
It<00:30:06.990><c> produces</c><00:30:07.769><c> a</c><00:30:08.230><c> liquid,</c><00:30:08.730><c> oh</c><00:30:08.950><c> sorry,</c><00:30:09.410><c> it</c><00:30:09.509><c> produces</c><00:30:10.109><c> a</c><00:30:10.430><c> substance</c>

00:30:11.109 --> 00:30:14.230
which,<00:30:12.289><c> when</c><00:30:12.470><c> it</c><00:30:12.789><c> gets</c><00:30:13.190><c> into</c><00:30:13.589><c> the</c><00:30:13.829><c> water,</c>

00:30:14.549 --> 00:30:17.329
creates<00:30:15.069><c> a</c><00:30:15.369><c> depression</c><00:30:15.930><c> in</c><00:30:16.170><c> it,</c><00:30:16.829><c> so.</c>

00:30:17.829 --> 00:30:23.259
So,<00:30:19.569><c> this</c><00:30:20.289><c> stigma</c><00:30:20.809><c> really</c><00:30:21.869><c> is</c><00:30:22.210><c> sticking</c><00:30:22.369><c> out</c><00:30:22.690><c> there</c>

00:30:23.349 --> 00:30:27.890
with<00:30:23.849><c> the</c><00:30:24.069><c> water</c><00:30:24.690><c> forming</c><00:30:25.490><c> a</c><00:30:26.150><c> kind</c><00:30:26.569><c> of</c><00:30:27.089><c> bowl.</c>

00:30:28.970 --> 00:30:29.750
Yeah.