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This<00:00:00.820><c> is</c><00:00:01.080><c> Whatshan</c><00:00:01.540><c> Lake</c><00:00:01.720><c> Bible</c><00:00:02.080><c> School,</c><00:00:03.540><c> 2017.</c>

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This<00:00:06.099><c> is</c><00:00:06.339><c> our</c><00:00:06.559><c> Tuesday</c><00:00:07.000><c> evening</c><00:00:07.419><c> program.</c>

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Our<00:00:08.359><c> speaker</c><00:00:08.679><c> is</c><00:00:08.880><c> Brother</c><00:00:09.179><c> Stephen</c><00:00:09.500><c> Palmer.</c>

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The<00:00:10.720><c> title</c><00:00:10.919><c> of</c><00:00:11.140><c> his</c><00:00:11.820><c> class</c><00:00:12.199><c> this</c><00:00:12.480><c> evening</c><00:00:12.699><c> is</c>

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Recent<00:00:13.300><c> Discoveries</c><00:00:13.900><c> that</c><00:00:14.140><c> Evidence</c><00:00:14.599><c> Design</c><00:00:15.099><c> in</c><00:00:15.359><c> Creation.</c>

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And<00:00:16.519><c> our</c><00:00:16.679><c> reading</c><00:00:16.899><c> has</c><00:00:17.179><c> been</c><00:00:17.359><c> Psalm</c><00:00:17.620><c> 19.</c>

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Brother<00:00:18.980><c> Stephen,</c><00:00:19.280><c> please.</c>

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Good<00:00:30.579><c> evening</c><00:00:30.780><c> again,</c><00:00:31.359><c> everyone.</c>

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Before<00:00:33.179><c> I</c><00:00:33.399><c> start</c><00:00:33.600><c> into</c><00:00:33.820><c> the</c><00:00:34.039><c> program,</c>

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I<00:00:34.560><c> thought</c><00:00:34.600><c> you</c><00:00:35.320><c> might</c><00:00:35.479><c> like</c><00:00:35.700><c> to</c><00:00:35.840><c> see</c><00:00:35.960><c> where</c><00:00:36.240><c> Mumbles</c><00:00:36.560><c> is.</c>

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The<00:00:39.600><c> name</c><00:00:39.799><c> always</c><00:00:40.119><c> raises</c><00:00:40.420><c> a</c><00:00:40.659><c> laugh</c><00:00:41.020><c> in</c><00:00:41.859><c> North</c><00:00:42.100><c> America.</c>

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I've<00:00:44.240><c> heard</c><00:00:44.320><c> the</c><00:00:44.560><c> joke.</c>

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So<00:00:48.640><c> that's</c><00:00:49.240><c> where</c><00:00:49.340><c> Mumbles</c><00:00:49.679><c> is.</c>

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The<00:00:51.020><c> dots</c><00:00:51.359><c> are</c><00:00:51.859><c> care</c><00:00:52.159><c> homes,</c>

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Christodelfan<00:00:53.079><c> care</c><00:00:53.399><c> homes</c><00:00:53.880><c> in</c><00:00:54.619><c> the</c><00:00:54.740><c> United</c><00:00:55.060><c> Kingdom.</c>

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And<00:00:56.060><c> there's</c><00:00:56.219><c> a</c><00:00:56.340><c> Christodelfan</c><00:00:56.820><c> care</c><00:00:57.179><c> home</c><00:00:57.520><c> in</c><00:00:57.960><c> Wales</c><00:00:58.240><c> in</c><00:00:58.439><c> Mumbles.</c>

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I<00:00:59.759><c> put</c><00:00:59.979><c> my</c><00:01:01.240><c> email</c><00:01:01.679><c> address</c><00:01:02.060><c> there,</c>

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so<00:01:02.579><c> especially</c><00:01:02.880><c> for</c><00:01:03.079><c> young</c><00:01:03.299><c> people,</c>

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if<00:01:04.599><c> you</c><00:01:04.799><c> want</c><00:01:05.000><c> to</c><00:01:05.379><c> email</c><00:01:05.659><c> me</c><00:01:06.099><c> on</c><00:01:06.400><c> anything</c><00:01:06.620><c> I</c><00:01:06.840><c> say</c><00:01:07.000><c> tonight,</c>

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something<00:01:07.739><c> comes</c><00:01:08.060><c> up</c><00:01:08.719><c> in</c><00:01:09.120><c> your</c><00:01:09.480><c> studies,</c>

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you<00:01:09.980><c> want</c><00:01:10.219><c> to</c><00:01:11.219><c> drop</c><00:01:11.340><c> me</c><00:01:11.540><c> a</c><00:01:11.620><c> line</c><00:01:11.739><c> and</c><00:01:11.920><c> say,</c>

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what<00:01:12.180><c> do</c><00:01:12.319><c> you</c><00:01:12.359><c> think</c><00:01:12.500><c> of</c><00:01:12.680><c> this,</c>

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or<00:01:14.000><c> have</c><00:01:14.140><c> you</c><00:01:14.260><c> got</c><00:01:14.340><c> an</c><00:01:14.599><c> answer</c><00:01:14.799><c> for</c><00:01:15.400><c> the</c><00:01:15.640><c> other,</c>

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then<00:01:16.180><c> please</c><00:01:16.640><c> do.</c>

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I<00:01:18.459><c> guarantee</c><00:01:18.799><c> I'll</c><00:01:19.560><c> answer</c><00:01:19.739><c> any</c><00:01:20.019><c> question,</c><00:01:20.659><c> but</c><00:01:20.780><c> I'll</c><00:01:21.079><c> try.</c>

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So<00:01:23.560><c> that's</c><00:01:24.019><c> Mumbles.</c>

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If<00:01:24.379><c> you</c><00:01:24.500><c> want</c><00:01:24.579><c> to</c><00:01:24.640><c> know</c><00:01:24.739><c> what</c><00:01:24.799><c> it</c><00:01:25.000><c> looks</c><00:01:25.239><c> like,</c>

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this<00:01:26.540><c> is</c><00:01:26.859><c> the</c><00:01:27.879><c> area</c><00:01:28.459><c> of</c><00:01:28.780><c> Mumbles,</c>

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which<00:01:29.359><c> is</c><00:01:29.620><c> part</c><00:01:29.939><c> of</c><00:01:30.200><c> the</c><00:01:30.280><c> city</c><00:01:30.540><c> of</c><00:01:30.819><c> Swansea.</c>

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It's<00:01:32.379><c> a</c><00:01:32.579><c> bay.</c>

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This<00:01:33.319><c> is</c><00:01:33.560><c> the</c><00:01:33.719><c> Mumbles</c><00:01:34.040><c> Bay.</c>

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There's<00:01:34.500><c> a</c><00:01:34.620><c> castle</c><00:01:34.939><c> there,</c>

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Oystermouth<00:01:36.019><c> Castle.</c>

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And<00:01:37.879><c> the</c><00:01:38.159><c> tide</c><00:01:38.519><c> goes</c><00:01:39.980><c> out</c><00:01:40.219><c> a</c><00:01:40.340><c> long</c><00:01:40.540><c> way.</c>

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The<00:01:40.959><c> tide</c><00:01:41.079><c> goes</c><00:01:41.340><c> out</c><00:01:41.620><c> a</c><00:01:41.840><c> mile</c><00:01:42.200><c> twice</c><00:01:42.560><c> a</c><00:01:42.799><c> day</c>

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and<00:01:44.620><c> comes</c><00:01:44.900><c> in</c><00:01:45.159><c> a</c><00:01:45.280><c> mile</c><00:01:45.459><c> twice</c><00:01:45.780><c> a</c><00:01:46.000><c> day.</c>

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It's<00:01:46.739><c> one</c><00:01:46.920><c> of</c><00:01:47.060><c> the</c><00:01:47.299><c> second</c><00:01:47.760><c> highest</c><00:01:48.340><c> tidal</c><00:01:48.819><c> reach</c><00:01:49.180><c> in</c><00:01:49.700><c> the</c><00:01:49.980><c> world.</c>

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It's<00:01:50.560><c> one</c><00:01:50.700><c> of</c><00:01:50.819><c> our</c><00:01:51.019><c> few</c><00:01:51.200><c> claims</c><00:01:51.560><c> to</c><00:01:51.819><c> fame.</c>

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That's<00:01:52.719><c> the</c><00:01:52.819><c> city</c><00:01:53.040><c> of</c><00:01:53.299><c> Swansea</c><00:01:53.760><c> over</c><00:01:54.040><c> there.</c>

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You<00:01:54.359><c> can</c><00:01:54.859><c> see</c><00:01:54.959><c> that.</c>

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That's<00:01:55.579><c> a</c><00:01:55.760><c> valley,</c><00:01:56.719><c> the</c><00:01:56.920><c> South</c><00:01:57.140><c> Wales</c><00:01:57.459><c> valleys,</c>

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the<00:01:58.420><c> coal</c><00:01:58.640><c> mining</c><00:01:58.959><c> valleys.</c>

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That's<00:02:00.060><c> what</c><00:02:00.359><c> they</c><00:02:00.620><c> are.</c>

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If<00:02:02.260><c> you</c><00:02:02.379><c> look</c><00:02:02.519><c> the</c><00:02:02.739><c> other</c><00:02:03.000><c> way,</c>

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the<00:02:03.780><c> headland</c><00:02:04.120><c> comes</c><00:02:04.540><c> round,</c>

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and<00:02:06.239><c> just</c><00:02:06.920><c> beyond</c><00:02:07.239><c> the</c><00:02:07.560><c> pier</c><00:02:07.920><c> are</c><00:02:08.780><c> the</c><00:02:08.979><c> Mumbles.</c>

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These<00:02:10.560><c> are</c><00:02:10.759><c> the</c><00:02:10.939><c> Mumbles.</c>

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That<00:02:15.300><c> island</c><00:02:15.759><c> is</c><00:02:15.979><c> an</c><00:02:16.120><c> island</c><00:02:16.319><c> with</c><00:02:16.560><c> the</c><00:02:16.740><c> tides</c><00:02:16.960><c> in.</c>

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That<00:02:17.500><c> island</c><00:02:18.120><c> is</c><00:02:18.500><c> an</c><00:02:18.680><c> island</c><00:02:18.879><c> with</c><00:02:19.060><c> the</c><00:02:19.280><c> tides</c><00:02:19.520><c> in.</c>

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Tides<00:02:20.599><c> out,</c><00:02:20.919><c> you</c><00:02:21.120><c> can</c><00:02:21.319><c> just</c><00:02:21.560><c> about</c><00:02:21.780><c> walk</c><00:02:22.020><c> to</c><00:02:22.259><c> them.</c>

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But<00:02:23.099><c> those</c><00:02:23.439><c> are</c><00:02:23.639><c> the</c><00:02:23.840><c> Mumbles.</c>

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Nobody<00:02:24.259><c> quite</c><00:02:24.560><c> knows</c><00:02:24.800><c> where</c><00:02:25.000><c> the</c><00:02:25.080><c> name</c><00:02:25.259><c> Mumbles</c><00:02:25.580><c> comes</c><00:02:25.960><c> from.</c>

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It's<00:02:26.539><c> a</c><00:02:26.680><c> corruption</c><00:02:27.000><c> of</c><00:02:27.300><c> some</c><00:02:27.460><c> ancient</c><00:02:27.840><c> term.</c>

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Maybe<00:02:28.360><c> it's</c><00:02:29.680><c> Scandinavian.</c>

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The<00:02:30.759><c> Vikings</c><00:02:31.139><c> raided</c><00:02:31.759><c> quite</c><00:02:32.099><c> a</c><00:02:32.259><c> lot</c><00:02:32.400><c> in</c><00:02:32.580><c> this</c><00:02:32.819><c> part</c><00:02:33.020><c> of</c><00:02:33.199><c> the</c><00:02:33.340><c> world.</c>

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Maybe<00:02:33.800><c> it's</c><00:02:34.020><c> an</c><00:02:34.159><c> old</c><00:02:34.360><c> Welsh</c><00:02:34.599><c> name,</c>

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but<00:02:35.599><c> now</c><00:02:36.060><c> it's</c><00:02:36.479><c> called</c><00:02:36.800><c> Mumbles.</c>

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So<00:02:39.340><c> very</c><00:02:39.580><c> dramatic.</c>

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Photographers<00:02:41.979><c> can</c><00:02:42.180><c> make</c><00:02:42.400><c> anything</c><00:02:42.699><c> look</c><00:02:42.900><c> good,</c><00:02:43.259><c> can't</c><00:02:43.400><c> they?</c>

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We<00:02:46.159><c> even</c><00:02:46.319><c> have</c><00:02:46.500><c> flowers.</c>

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And<00:02:48.539><c> you</c><00:02:48.639><c> can</c><00:02:48.780><c> see</c><00:02:48.919><c> the</c><00:02:49.080><c> color</c><00:02:49.259><c> of</c><00:02:49.500><c> the</c><00:02:49.599><c> sky.</c>

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It's<00:02:50.099><c> blue.</c>

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Photoshop<00:02:54.099><c> does</c><00:02:54.439><c> that.</c>

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And<00:02:59.300><c> Mumbles</c><00:02:59.560><c> is</c><00:02:59.979><c> a</c><00:03:00.259><c> light</c><00:03:00.620><c> in</c><00:03:00.979><c> a</c><00:03:01.099><c> dark</c><00:03:01.300><c> world.</c>

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That's<00:03:05.439><c> our</c><00:03:05.580><c> meeting</c><00:03:05.800><c> room.</c>

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It<00:03:06.819><c> was</c><00:03:07.060><c> built</c><00:03:07.379><c> in</c><00:03:07.740><c> 1850.</c>

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It's<00:03:09.020><c> called</c><00:03:09.219><c> Mount</c><00:03:09.599><c> Zion.</c>

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It<00:03:10.240><c> was</c><00:03:10.460><c> built</c><00:03:10.639><c> by</c><00:03:10.979><c> a</c><00:03:11.120><c> Methodist</c>

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who<00:03:12.419><c> broke</c><00:03:12.960><c> away</c><00:03:13.419><c> from</c><00:03:13.780><c> the</c><00:03:13.919><c> established</c><00:03:14.340><c> Methodist</c><00:03:14.939><c> organization.</c>

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A<00:03:16.080><c> lot</c><00:03:16.259><c> of</c><00:03:16.460><c> Methodists</c><00:03:16.759><c> did</c><00:03:16.979><c> in</c><00:03:17.139><c> 1850.</c>

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They<00:03:18.699><c> didn't</c><00:03:18.960><c> like</c><00:03:19.139><c> the</c><00:03:19.300><c> way</c><00:03:19.460><c> the</c><00:03:19.840><c> organization</c><00:03:20.379><c> was</c><00:03:20.680><c> running.</c>

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That<00:03:21.939><c> man,</c><00:03:22.539><c> Mr.</c><00:03:23.060><c> Clement,</c><00:03:23.879><c> became</c><00:03:24.280><c> a</c><00:03:24.520><c> Christadelphian.</c>

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Because<00:03:25.900><c> he</c><00:03:26.060><c> owned</c><00:03:26.219><c> a</c><00:03:26.479><c> hall,</c><00:03:26.759><c> it</c><00:03:26.879><c> became</c><00:03:27.099><c> a</c><00:03:27.319><c> Christadelphian</c><00:03:27.939><c> hall.</c>

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And<00:03:31.759><c> the</c><00:03:32.300><c> other</c><00:03:32.840><c> members</c><00:03:33.219><c> that</c><00:03:33.460><c> he</c><00:03:33.659><c> had</c><00:03:33.939><c> convinced</c><00:03:34.280><c> came</c><00:03:34.500><c> across,</c>

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is<00:03:35.080><c> when</c><00:03:35.280><c> the</c><00:03:35.360><c> earliest</c><00:03:35.580><c> Christadelphian</c><00:03:36.240><c> meetings,</c>

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been<00:03:36.960><c> meeting</c><00:03:37.159><c> there</c><00:03:37.400><c> ever</c><00:03:37.680><c> since,</c><00:03:38.520><c> 1860,</c><00:03:40.080><c> I</c><00:03:40.180><c> think</c><00:03:40.360><c> 1860,</c><00:03:40.979><c> 1862,</c>

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Brother<00:03:42.300><c> Thomas</c><00:03:42.780><c> and</c><00:03:43.219><c> Brother</c><00:03:43.460><c> Robert</c>

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spoke<00:03:44.300><c> in</c><00:03:44.479><c> the</c><00:03:44.719><c> same</c><00:03:44.979><c> evening</c><00:03:45.340><c> in</c><00:03:45.620><c> that</c><00:03:45.919><c> hall,</c>

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where<00:03:47.039><c> there</c><00:03:47.139><c> were</c><00:03:47.479><c> 500</c><00:03:47.860><c> people</c><00:03:48.379><c> said</c><00:03:48.580><c> to</c><00:03:48.740><c> be</c><00:03:48.960><c> present.</c>

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So<00:03:52.599><c> personal</c><00:03:53.400><c> space</c><00:03:53.800><c> didn't</c><00:03:54.120><c> exist</c><00:03:54.520><c> in</c><00:03:54.699><c> those</c><00:03:54.919><c> days.</c>

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I<00:03:56.740><c> won't</c><00:03:56.919><c> take</c><00:03:57.159><c> you</c><00:03:57.319><c> in</c><00:03:57.379><c> there,</c><00:03:57.479><c> but</c><00:03:57.560><c> you</c><00:03:57.659><c> can</c><00:03:57.919><c> see</c>

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there's<00:03:59.139><c> Brother</c><00:03:59.860><c> Peter</c><00:04:00.560><c> Owen</c><00:04:00.780><c> and</c><00:04:01.180><c> the</c><00:04:01.360><c> two</c><00:04:01.439><c> of</c><00:04:01.539><c> his</c><00:04:01.680><c> children</c>

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coming<00:04:02.479><c> to</c><00:04:02.719><c> the</c><00:04:02.960><c> meeting.</c>

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I'll<00:04:03.860><c> just</c><00:04:03.919><c> show</c><00:04:04.099><c> you</c><00:04:04.240><c> the</c><00:04:04.500><c> sign.</c>

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That's...

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Yeah,<00:04:09.419><c> okay,</c><00:04:09.580><c> I'll</c><00:04:09.800><c> go</c><00:04:09.860><c> show</c><00:04:09.979><c> you</c><00:04:10.159><c> the</c><00:04:10.300><c> sign.</c>

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That's<00:04:14.199><c> an</c><00:04:14.340><c> interesting</c><00:04:14.620><c> statistic,</c><00:04:15.620><c> isn't</c><00:04:15.740><c> it?</c>

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When<00:04:17.199><c> Albus</c><00:04:17.439><c> Isser</c><00:04:17.620><c> was</c><00:04:17.860><c> reprinted</c><00:04:18.720><c> in</c><00:04:19.120><c> 1866,</c>

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142<00:04:21.180><c> copies</c><00:04:21.560><c> from</c><00:04:21.759><c> the</c><00:04:21.920><c> whole</c><00:04:22.120><c> of</c><00:04:22.339><c> the</c><00:04:22.480><c> UK,</c><00:04:23.279><c> 45</c><00:04:23.899><c> from</c><00:04:24.300><c> Mumbles.</c>

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So<00:04:26.240><c> Brother</c><00:04:26.500><c> Robert</c><00:04:27.000><c> writes</c><00:04:27.379><c> up</c><00:04:27.860><c> a</c><00:04:28.060><c> revolution</c><00:04:28.519><c> in</c><00:04:28.839><c> South</c><00:04:29.100><c> Wales</c>

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in<00:04:30.100><c> the</c><00:04:30.240><c> Christadelphian.</c>

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He<00:04:31.920><c> has</c><00:04:32.000><c> some</c><00:04:32.319><c> choice</c><00:04:32.519><c> words</c><00:04:32.759><c> to</c><00:04:32.980><c> say,</c>

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but<00:04:33.259><c> the</c><00:04:33.500><c> people</c><00:04:33.639><c> of</c><00:04:33.899><c> Mumbles,</c><00:04:34.560><c> not</c><00:04:34.779><c> entirely</c><00:04:35.240><c> complimentary.</c>

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They<00:04:37.160><c> were</c><00:04:38.360><c> fishermen</c><00:04:38.939><c> who</c><00:04:39.560><c> had</c><00:04:39.720><c> good</c><00:04:40.000><c> wages</c>

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and<00:04:40.759><c> spent</c><00:04:40.980><c> it</c><00:04:41.240><c> on</c><00:04:41.620><c> alcohol,</c><00:04:42.139><c> and</c><00:04:42.339><c> he</c><00:04:42.420><c> has</c><00:04:42.620><c> comments</c><00:04:42.879><c> to</c><00:04:43.100><c> make.</c>

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Anyway,<00:04:45.379><c> it's</c><00:04:45.819><c> in</c><00:04:46.139><c> Wales,</c>

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Oystermouth<00:04:47.740><c> Castle</c><00:04:48.379><c> in</c><00:04:48.939><c> Welsh's</c><00:04:49.560><c> Castell,</c>

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am<00:04:50.920><c> tu</c><00:04:51.100><c> llwyn</c><00:04:51.500><c> naeth.</c>

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Okay,<00:04:53.439><c> I</c><00:04:53.660><c> think.</c>

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Shall<00:04:55.939><c> we</c><00:04:56.040><c> get</c><00:04:56.220><c> on</c><00:04:56.439><c> to</c><00:04:56.600><c> the</c><00:04:56.779><c> subject</c><00:04:57.040><c> properly?</c>

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So<00:04:57.879><c> I</c><00:04:57.959><c> thought</c><00:04:58.139><c> we</c><00:04:58.339><c> might</c><00:04:58.519><c> look</c><00:04:58.959><c> at</c><00:05:00.939><c> creation</c><00:05:01.920><c> evolution</c><00:05:02.480><c> issues.</c>

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Even<00:05:06.439><c> though</c><00:05:06.980><c> we're</c><00:05:07.540><c> not</c><00:05:07.720><c> advising</c><00:05:08.100><c> people</c>

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to<00:05:08.839><c> have</c><00:05:09.019><c> to</c><00:05:09.240><c> go</c><00:05:09.339><c> into</c><00:05:09.540><c> the</c><00:05:09.819><c> science</c><00:05:10.139><c> and</c><00:05:10.339><c> argue</c><00:05:10.579><c> the</c><00:05:10.839><c> science,</c>

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some<00:05:11.500><c> people,</c><00:05:12.480><c> some</c><00:05:12.699><c> of</c><00:05:12.839><c> you,</c><00:05:12.980><c> some</c><00:05:13.160><c> of</c><00:05:13.259><c> you</c><00:05:13.339><c> young</c><00:05:13.480><c> people,</c>

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will<00:05:14.060><c> be</c><00:05:14.740><c> studying,</c><00:05:15.060><c> it</c><00:05:15.199><c> will</c><00:05:15.379><c> come</c><00:05:15.620><c> across.</c>

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The<00:05:17.139><c> controversy</c><00:05:17.639><c> will</c><00:05:18.060><c> have</c><00:05:18.279><c> to</c><00:05:18.740><c> say,</c>

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well,<00:05:19.040><c> you</c><00:05:19.279><c> stand</c><00:05:19.480><c> on</c><00:05:19.639><c> the</c><00:05:19.899><c> controversy.</c>

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So<00:05:21.420><c> sometimes</c><00:05:21.920><c> good</c><00:05:22.720><c> to</c><00:05:23.040><c> have</c><00:05:23.639><c> some</c><00:05:24.319><c> approaches</c>

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to<00:05:25.639><c> some</c><00:05:25.939><c> of</c><00:05:26.240><c> this</c><00:05:26.639><c> difficult</c><00:05:27.680><c> argument</c><00:05:28.579><c> that</c><00:05:28.839><c> goes</c><00:05:29.040><c> on.</c>

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And<00:05:30.699><c> I'm</c><00:05:30.959><c> just</c><00:05:31.180><c> going</c><00:05:31.360><c> to</c><00:05:31.600><c> show</c><00:05:31.759><c> you</c><00:05:32.000><c> some</c><00:05:32.720><c> pages</c><00:05:33.300><c> from</c><00:05:33.600><c> a</c><00:05:33.759><c> website,</c>

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which<00:05:34.379><c> I</c><00:05:34.540><c> think</c><00:05:34.639><c> is</c><00:05:34.819><c> quite</c><00:05:35.060><c> useful.</c>

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It's<00:05:35.680><c> called</c><00:05:35.839><c> Evolution</c><00:05:36.339><c> News.</c>

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It's<00:05:37.540><c> from</c><00:05:37.839><c> Seattle.</c>

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Anybody<00:05:38.720><c> know</c><00:05:38.860><c> where</c><00:05:39.040><c> Seattle</c><00:05:39.459><c> is?</c>

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It's<00:05:42.100><c> the</c><00:05:42.439><c> Discovery</c><00:05:43.160><c> Institute</c><00:05:44.180><c> in</c><00:05:44.899><c> Seattle.</c>

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They<00:05:46.939><c> are</c><00:05:47.879><c> political</c><00:05:48.540><c> in</c><00:05:48.800><c> their</c><00:05:49.000><c> own</c><00:05:49.279><c> way</c><00:05:49.660><c> in</c><00:05:50.500><c> the</c><00:05:50.620><c> United</c><00:05:50.939><c> States.</c>

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I'm<00:05:51.399><c> not</c><00:05:51.579><c> suggesting</c><00:05:52.000><c> at</c><00:05:52.279><c> all</c><00:05:52.540><c> that</c><00:05:52.839><c> we're</c><00:05:53.139><c> endorsing</c><00:05:53.879><c> what</c>

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they're<00:05:54.259><c> doing,</c>

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but<00:05:55.060><c> they</c><00:05:55.379><c> have</c><00:05:55.819><c> a</c><00:05:56.339><c> section</c><00:05:56.740><c> of</c><00:05:57.079><c> this</c><00:05:57.339><c> Discovery</c><00:05:57.879><c> Institute</c>

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devoted<00:05:59.339><c> to</c><00:06:00.259><c> evolution</c><00:06:00.800><c> creation.</c>

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And<00:06:02.899><c> their</c><00:06:03.100><c> focus</c><00:06:03.500><c> is</c><00:06:03.759><c> on</c><00:06:03.959><c> design,</c><00:06:05.300><c> the</c><00:06:05.540><c> evidence</c><00:06:05.819><c> for</c><00:06:06.060><c> design,</c>

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which<00:06:07.139><c> they</c><00:06:07.540><c> say</c><00:06:07.959><c> scientists,</c><00:06:09.699><c> most</c><00:06:09.920><c> scientists,</c><00:06:10.399><c> not</c><00:06:10.620><c> all,</c>

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are<00:06:11.279><c> ignoring</c><00:06:11.939><c> that</c><00:06:12.480><c> the</c><00:06:12.899><c> scientific</c><00:06:13.500><c> evidence</c><00:06:14.120><c> for</c><00:06:14.579><c> design</c>

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is<00:06:16.339><c> telling</c><00:06:16.560><c> us</c><00:06:17.060><c> something</c><00:06:17.420><c> really</c><00:06:17.860><c> important.</c>

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And<00:06:19.160><c> evolution</c><00:06:19.660><c> is</c><00:06:20.079><c> ignoring</c><00:06:20.560><c> that.</c>

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So<00:06:21.199><c> under</c><00:06:21.540><c> Evolution</c><00:06:22.040><c> News,</c><00:06:22.600><c> they</c><00:06:22.680><c> keep,</c><00:06:23.660><c> whoever</c><00:06:23.899><c> goes</c><00:06:24.199><c> onsite,</c>

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up<00:06:24.899><c> to</c><00:06:25.160><c> date</c><00:06:25.360><c> with</c><00:06:25.819><c> current</c><00:06:26.319><c> controversies</c>

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and<00:06:27.339><c> give</c><00:06:27.600><c> you</c><00:06:28.759><c> often</c><00:06:29.360><c> a</c><00:06:29.839><c> pretty</c><00:06:30.180><c> good</c><00:06:31.240><c> insight</c>

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into<00:06:32.959><c> the</c><00:06:34.199><c> confidence</c><00:06:34.899><c> trick,</c>

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which<00:06:36.500><c> is</c><00:06:37.060><c> the</c><00:06:37.639><c> scientific</c><00:06:38.300><c> story</c><00:06:38.959><c> of</c><00:06:39.420><c> evolution.</c>

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And<00:06:42.420><c> this</c><00:06:42.620><c> one</c><00:06:42.740><c> is</c><00:06:42.860><c> interesting.</c>

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This<00:06:43.660><c> headline</c><00:06:44.199><c> is</c><00:06:44.860><c> from</c><00:06:45.100><c> the</c><00:06:45.259><c> independent</c><00:06:45.740><c> newspaper</c>

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in<00:06:46.500><c> the</c><00:06:46.519><c> United</c><00:06:46.860><c> Kingdom,</c><00:06:47.660><c> and</c><00:06:47.879><c> there</c><00:06:48.060><c> were</c><00:06:48.720><c> other</c><00:06:49.060><c> newspapers,</c>

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so<00:06:50.399><c>-called</c><00:06:50.560><c> quality</c><00:06:51.040><c> newspapers,</c><00:06:51.720><c> which</c><00:06:52.360><c> said</c><00:06:52.680><c> the</c><00:06:52.939><c> same</c><00:06:53.199><c> thing.</c>

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The<00:06:54.040><c> Bible</c><00:06:54.439><c> says</c><00:06:54.839><c> the</c><00:06:55.199><c> Canaanites</c><00:06:55.600><c> were</c><00:06:55.879><c> wiped</c><00:06:56.199><c> out</c><00:06:56.480><c> by</c><00:06:56.860><c> Israelites,</c>

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but<00:06:57.899><c> scientists</c><00:06:58.439><c> just</c><00:06:58.939><c> found</c><00:06:59.240><c> their</c><00:06:59.600><c> descendants</c><00:07:00.139><c> living</c><00:07:00.600><c> in</c><00:07:00.939><c> Lebanon.</c>

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And<00:07:02.579><c> what</c><00:07:02.699><c> they've</c><00:07:03.040><c> done</c><00:07:03.199><c> is</c><00:07:03.519><c> extracted</c><00:07:04.139><c> DNA</c><00:07:04.800><c> from</c><00:07:05.800><c> the</c><00:07:06.319><c> bones</c>

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of<00:07:07.060><c> ancient</c><00:07:07.480><c> Canaanite</c><00:07:08.120><c> burial</c><00:07:08.540><c> sites,</c>

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which<00:07:09.879><c> is</c><00:07:10.120><c> an</c><00:07:10.379><c> incredible</c><00:07:10.939><c> thing</c><00:07:12.519><c> that</c><00:07:12.800><c> can</c><00:07:12.980><c> be</c><00:07:13.220><c> done.</c>

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You<00:07:13.500><c> can</c><00:07:13.779><c> dig</c><00:07:13.939><c> up</c><00:07:14.160><c> bones</c><00:07:14.300><c> that</c><00:07:14.459><c> are</c><00:07:14.579><c> 1</c><00:07:14.879><c>,000</c><00:07:14.959><c> years</c><00:07:15.199><c> old,</c>

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extract<00:07:15.980><c> from</c><00:07:16.279><c> those</c><00:07:16.720><c> dead</c><00:07:17.079><c> bones</c><00:07:17.660><c> DNA,</c>

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which<00:07:18.800><c> is</c><00:07:19.220><c> the</c><00:07:20.279><c> code</c><00:07:20.819><c> of</c><00:07:21.360><c> life</c><00:07:21.779><c> for</c><00:07:22.360><c> those</c><00:07:22.639><c> people,</c>

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and<00:07:24.860><c> match</c><00:07:25.160><c> that</c><00:07:25.500><c> DNA,</c><00:07:26.160><c> match</c><00:07:26.379><c> the</c><00:07:26.639><c> pattern</c><00:07:26.839><c> of</c><00:07:27.019><c> that</c><00:07:27.259><c> DNA</c>

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to<00:07:28.019><c> living</c><00:07:28.259><c> people,</c><00:07:28.660><c> and</c><00:07:28.800><c> they</c><00:07:29.060><c> found</c><00:07:29.420><c> that</c><00:07:29.680><c> there's</c><00:07:30.000><c> a</c><00:07:30.180><c> match</c>

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between<00:07:31.300><c> the</c><00:07:31.620><c> Canaanite</c><00:07:32.160><c> DNA</c><00:07:32.800><c> and</c><00:07:33.759><c> people</c><00:07:34.100><c> living</c><00:07:34.379><c> in</c><00:07:34.660><c> Lebanon.</c>

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And<00:07:36.459><c> the</c><00:07:36.620><c> Bible</c><00:07:36.939><c> says</c><00:07:37.279><c> the</c><00:07:37.540><c> Canaanites</c><00:07:38.000><c> were</c><00:07:38.259><c> wiped</c><00:07:38.540><c> out.</c>

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Therefore,<00:07:41.379><c> the</c><00:07:41.540><c> Bible's</c><00:07:42.019><c> wrong,</c>

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because<00:07:42.480><c> we</c><00:07:42.759><c> found</c><00:07:42.939><c> their</c><00:07:43.220><c> descendants</c><00:07:43.720><c> in</c><00:07:44.019><c> Lebanon.</c>

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And<00:07:44.980><c> that</c><00:07:45.180><c> becomes</c><00:07:45.620><c> headline</c><00:07:46.139><c> news,</c><00:07:46.480><c> you</c><00:07:46.480><c> know,</c>

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headline<00:07:47.259><c> news</c><00:07:47.540><c> to</c><00:07:47.819><c> discredit</c><00:07:48.259><c> the</c><00:07:48.519><c> Bible.</c>

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This<00:07:49.759><c> is</c><00:07:49.959><c> a</c><00:07:50.100><c> serious</c><00:07:50.500><c> newspaper.</c>

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It's<00:07:50.980><c> not</c><00:07:51.100><c> a</c><00:07:51.259><c> joke</c><00:07:51.420><c> paper.</c>

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It<00:07:52.699><c> prides</c><00:07:52.899><c> itself.</c>

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It's<00:07:53.500><c> a</c><00:07:53.660><c> liberal</c><00:07:53.959><c> paper.</c>

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It's<00:07:54.560><c> a</c><00:07:54.740><c> liberal</c><00:07:55.319><c> left</c><00:07:57.819><c>-wing</c><00:07:58.100><c> paper.</c>

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Is<00:07:58.740><c> that</c><00:07:59.220><c> right?</c>

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I<00:08:00.660><c> think</c><00:08:00.939><c> it's</c><00:08:01.740><c> left</c><00:08:02.019><c>-wing.</c>

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So,<00:08:02.800><c> you</c><00:08:03.000><c> know,</c><00:08:03.220><c> it's</c><00:08:03.500><c> not</c><00:08:03.779><c> claiming...</c>

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It's<00:08:06.500><c> claiming</c><00:08:06.879><c> seriousness.</c>

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It's<00:08:07.759><c> to</c><00:08:07.920><c> be</c><00:08:08.100><c> taken</c><00:08:08.319><c> seriously.</c>

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And,<00:08:09.519><c> of</c><00:08:09.660><c> course,</c><00:08:11.160><c> it's</c><00:08:11.420><c> just</c><00:08:11.639><c> been</c><00:08:11.899><c> pointed</c><00:08:12.160><c> out</c>

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that<00:08:12.660><c> they</c><00:08:13.199><c> haven't</c><00:08:13.379><c> read</c><00:08:13.540><c> the</c><00:08:13.740><c> Bible,</c><00:08:14.139><c> I</c><00:08:14.220><c> think,</c>

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because<00:08:14.560><c> the</c><00:08:15.079><c> whole</c><00:08:15.360><c> problem</c><00:08:15.699><c> was</c><00:08:16.000><c> that</c><00:08:16.180><c> Israel</c><00:08:16.300><c> didn't</c><00:08:17.560><c> deal</c>

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with<00:08:18.199><c> the</c><00:08:18.379><c> Canaanites,</c><00:08:18.899><c> as</c><00:08:19.019><c> God</c><00:08:19.199><c> said,</c><00:08:19.399><c> to</c><00:08:19.600><c> deal</c><00:08:19.740><c> with</c><00:08:19.939><c> them.</c>

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So<00:08:21.839><c> it's</c><00:08:22.399><c> a</c><00:08:22.660><c> silly</c><00:08:23.079><c> point.</c>

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But<00:08:24.379><c> if</c><00:08:24.879><c> people</c><00:08:25.120><c> knew</c><00:08:25.439><c> no</c><00:08:25.759><c> better,</c><00:08:26.540><c> they'd</c><00:08:26.800><c> say,</c>

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there<00:08:27.120><c> we</c><00:08:27.439><c> are.</c>

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Bible<00:08:28.139><c> is</c><00:08:28.420><c> discredited.</c>

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Bible's<00:08:29.600><c> out</c><00:08:29.740><c> of</c><00:08:29.920><c> date.</c>

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Bible's<00:08:30.660><c> just</c><00:08:30.819><c> been</c><00:08:30.980><c> disproved</c><00:08:31.319><c> by</c><00:08:31.740><c> science.</c>

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It's<00:08:32.480><c> total</c><00:08:32.779><c> nonsense.</c>

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But<00:08:34.500><c> it</c><00:08:34.799><c> makes</c><00:08:35.080><c> it</c><00:08:35.460><c> into</c><00:08:35.980><c> a</c><00:08:36.399><c> major</c><00:08:36.659><c> headline.</c>

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And<00:08:38.419><c> that's</c><00:08:38.879><c> just</c><00:08:39.179><c> a</c><00:08:39.440><c> story</c><00:08:39.620><c> that</c><00:08:39.799><c> you</c><00:08:39.919><c> have</c><00:08:40.100><c> to</c><00:08:40.320><c> beware</c><00:08:40.639><c> of,</c>

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because<00:08:41.440><c> just</c><00:08:41.659><c> because</c><00:08:42.279><c> scientists</c><00:08:42.580><c> say</c>

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that's<00:08:44.120><c> the</c><00:08:44.419><c> headline</c><00:08:44.740><c> scientists</c><00:08:45.340><c> say,</c>

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you<00:08:46.179><c> have</c><00:08:46.340><c> to</c><00:08:46.500><c> say</c><00:08:46.659><c> to</c><00:08:46.899><c> yourself,</c><00:08:48.220><c> what</c><00:08:48.360><c> does</c><00:08:48.639><c> that</c><00:08:48.960><c> mean?</c>

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Because<00:08:50.480><c> there</c><00:08:50.700><c> are</c><00:08:50.820><c> all</c><00:08:50.940><c> sorts</c><00:08:51.080><c> of</c><00:08:51.320><c> different</c><00:08:51.559><c> scientists,</c>

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and<00:08:53.159><c> they</c><00:08:53.559><c> have</c><00:08:53.679><c> the</c><00:08:53.960><c> same</c><00:08:54.279><c> flaws</c><00:08:54.580><c> and</c><00:08:54.919><c> faults</c><00:08:55.259><c> as</c><00:08:55.840><c> anybody</c><00:08:56.620><c> else.</c>

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This<00:08:58.100><c> is</c><00:08:58.379><c> a...</c>

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But<00:08:59.059><c> just</c><00:08:59.259><c> look</c><00:08:59.379><c> at</c><00:08:59.500><c> the</c><00:08:59.700><c> date</c><00:08:59.919><c> of</c><00:09:00.100><c> that.</c>

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Can<00:09:01.059><c> you</c><00:09:01.279><c> shove</c><00:09:01.379><c> the</c><00:09:01.600><c> date</c><00:09:01.779><c> up?</c>

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Because<00:09:02.100><c> I</c><00:09:02.179><c> can't</c><00:09:02.500><c> see</c><00:09:02.659><c> you</c><00:09:02.759><c> on</c><00:09:02.840><c> the</c><00:09:03.039><c> corner.</c>

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So<00:09:04.480><c> it's</c><00:09:04.659><c> pretty</c><00:09:04.879><c> current</c><00:09:05.299><c> here.</c>

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What's<00:09:07.379><c> the</c><00:09:07.500><c> date</c><00:09:07.600><c> of</c><00:09:07.759><c> this</c><00:09:07.980><c> one?</c>

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It's<00:09:10.299><c> August,</c><00:09:10.740><c> right?</c>

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So<00:09:11.860><c> every</c><00:09:12.559><c> day,</c><00:09:12.740><c> I</c><00:09:12.840><c> guess,</c><00:09:13.080><c> there's</c><00:09:13.379><c> something</c><00:09:13.759><c> being</c><00:09:14.320><c> put</c><00:09:14.659><c> up.</c>

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But<00:09:14.940><c> this</c><00:09:15.159><c> one</c><00:09:15.299><c> is</c><00:09:15.539><c> interesting,</c><00:09:15.879><c> because</c><00:09:16.159><c> it</c><00:09:16.340><c> just</c><00:09:16.580><c> shows,</c>

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again,<00:09:18.159><c> what</c><00:09:18.820><c> science</c><00:09:19.379><c> is</c><00:09:20.259><c> driving</c><00:09:20.799><c> society</c><00:09:21.620><c> towards.</c>

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Atheist<00:09:24.000><c> physicist</c><00:09:24.700><c> says</c><00:09:27.039><c> an</c><00:09:27.460><c> infinite</c><00:09:28.940><c> number</c><00:09:29.279><c> of</c><00:09:29.580><c> universes</c>

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is<00:09:31.080><c> more</c><00:09:31.399><c> plausible</c><00:09:31.940><c> than</c><00:09:32.279><c> God.</c>

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Just<00:09:33.220><c> think</c><00:09:33.519><c> about</c><00:09:33.860><c> that</c><00:09:34.679><c> statement.</c>

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The<00:09:36.399><c> scientist</c><00:09:36.639><c> is</c><00:09:36.899><c> more</c><00:09:37.379><c> plausible</c><00:09:38.019><c> to</c><00:09:38.580><c> think</c>

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there<00:09:39.000><c> are</c><00:09:39.299><c> an</c><00:09:39.779><c> infinite</c><00:09:40.139><c> number</c><00:09:40.600><c> of</c><00:09:41.159><c> universes.</c>

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I<00:09:42.539><c> mean,</c><00:09:42.779><c> the</c><00:09:42.980><c> one</c><00:09:43.159><c> we're</c><00:09:43.580><c> in</c><00:09:43.879><c> is</c><00:09:44.519><c> too</c><00:09:44.919><c> big</c><00:09:45.159><c> to</c><00:09:45.899><c> see</c><00:09:46.200><c> to</c><00:09:46.399><c> the</c><00:09:46.620><c> end</c><00:09:46.879><c> of.</c>

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The<00:09:49.019><c> concept</c><00:09:49.419><c> that</c><00:09:49.580><c> there's</c><00:09:49.820><c> an</c><00:09:50.000><c> end</c><00:09:50.179><c> to</c><00:09:50.379><c> this</c><00:09:50.600><c> universe</c>

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is<00:09:51.440><c> something</c><00:09:51.820><c> hard</c><00:09:52.139><c> to</c><00:09:52.399><c> conceive.</c>

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But<00:09:53.480><c> the</c><00:09:53.740><c> scientist</c><00:09:53.980><c> would</c><00:09:54.259><c> rather</c><00:09:54.519><c> think</c>

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there's<00:09:55.279><c> an</c><00:09:55.519><c> infinite</c><00:09:55.860><c> number</c><00:09:56.360><c> of</c><00:09:56.759><c> such</c><00:09:57.019><c> universes</c>

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than<00:09:58.299><c> to</c><00:09:58.620><c> believe</c><00:09:59.100><c> that</c><00:09:59.299><c> there</c><00:09:59.460><c> is</c><00:09:59.659><c> a</c><00:09:59.840><c> God.</c>

00:10:01.259 --> 00:10:04.539
I<00:10:01.399><c> said,</c><00:10:01.659><c> how</c><00:10:02.059><c> on</c><00:10:02.299><c> earth</c><00:10:02.840><c> do</c><00:10:03.379><c> you</c><00:10:03.519><c> get</c><00:10:03.700><c> into</c><00:10:04.039><c> such</c><00:10:04.320><c> a...</c>

00:10:04.539 --> 00:10:09.379
How<00:10:04.720><c> could</c><00:10:04.980><c> a</c><00:10:05.220><c> clever</c><00:10:05.519><c> guy</c><00:10:06.000><c> like</c><00:10:07.000><c> Sean</c><00:10:08.360><c> Carroll</c>

00:10:09.500 --> 00:10:10.840
get<00:10:09.759><c> into</c><00:10:10.100><c> that</c><00:10:10.360><c> position?</c>

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I<00:10:11.220><c> mean,</c><00:10:11.320><c> the</c><00:10:11.460><c> answer</c><00:10:11.720><c> is</c><00:10:12.220><c> because</c><00:10:12.860><c> they</c><00:10:13.539><c> don't</c><00:10:13.799><c> want</c><00:10:14.000><c> to</c><00:10:14.240><c> believe</c><00:10:14.480><c> in</c><00:10:14.779><c> God.</c>

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And<00:10:17.000><c> why</c><00:10:17.179><c> they're</c><00:10:17.440><c> driven</c><00:10:17.679><c> to</c><00:10:17.940><c> this</c><00:10:18.139><c> is</c><00:10:18.379><c> that</c><00:10:18.799><c> the</c><00:10:19.139><c> universe</c>

00:10:19.779 --> 00:10:22.580
is<00:10:20.539><c> fine</c><00:10:21.019><c>-tuned</c><00:10:21.360><c> for</c><00:10:21.659><c> life.</c>

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That<00:10:23.659><c> doesn't</c><00:10:23.879><c> just</c><00:10:24.259><c> mean</c><00:10:24.500><c> the</c><00:10:25.059><c> sun</c><00:10:25.340><c> is</c><00:10:25.500><c> just</c><00:10:25.759><c> the</c><00:10:25.879><c> right</c><00:10:26.019><c> distance</c>

00:10:26.419 --> 00:10:27.940
from<00:10:26.679><c> the</c><00:10:26.879><c> Earth</c><00:10:27.019><c> not</c><00:10:27.200><c> to</c><00:10:27.419><c> burn</c><00:10:27.580><c> us</c><00:10:27.779><c> up</c>

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and<00:10:28.139><c> not</c><00:10:28.320><c> to</c><00:10:28.960><c> allow</c><00:10:29.080><c> us</c><00:10:29.299><c> to</c><00:10:29.519><c> freeze</c><00:10:29.720><c> to</c><00:10:29.960><c> death.</c>

00:10:30.200 --> 00:10:35.000
It's<00:10:30.820><c> talking</c><00:10:31.080><c> about</c><00:10:31.480><c> the</c><00:10:33.139><c> strong</c><00:10:33.700><c> and</c><00:10:33.980><c> weak</c><00:10:34.200><c> forces</c>

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that<00:10:35.720><c> hold</c><00:10:35.940><c> atoms</c><00:10:36.419><c> together.</c>

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It's<00:10:39.259><c> talking</c><00:10:39.539><c> about</c><00:10:39.860><c> the</c><00:10:40.080><c> very</c><00:10:41.279><c> rules</c><00:10:42.559><c> of</c><00:10:44.299><c> physics</c>

00:10:46.070 --> 00:10:56.259
and<00:10:46.740><c> the</c><00:10:49.159><c> quantities</c><00:10:49.940><c> that</c><00:10:53.320><c> go</c><00:10:53.659><c> into</c><00:10:54.100><c> the</c><00:10:55.200><c> equations.</c>

00:10:56.940 --> 00:11:00.240
And<00:10:57.659><c> the</c><00:10:57.940><c> more</c><00:10:58.179><c> scientists,</c><00:10:59.059><c> the</c><00:10:59.320><c> cleverer</c><00:10:59.840><c> they've</c><00:11:00.120><c> got</c>

00:11:00.240 --> 00:11:03.100
in<00:11:00.519><c> understanding</c><00:11:01.200><c> how</c><00:11:02.139><c> things</c><00:11:02.539><c> are,</c>

00:11:03.500 --> 00:11:06.559
the<00:11:03.679><c> more</c><00:11:03.940><c> they</c><00:11:04.340><c> realize</c><00:11:05.159><c> that</c><00:11:05.799><c> if</c><00:11:05.960><c> they'd</c><00:11:06.320><c> been</c>

00:11:06.559 --> 00:11:10.320
just<00:11:06.899><c> so</c><00:11:07.419><c> slightly</c><00:11:07.840><c> different,</c><00:11:09.360><c> life</c><00:11:09.460><c> couldn't</c><00:11:09.740><c> have</c><00:11:10.039><c> existed.</c>

00:11:10.559 --> 00:11:12.620
Carbon<00:11:10.940><c> atoms</c><00:11:11.320><c> couldn't</c><00:11:11.820><c> form.</c>

00:11:13.879 --> 00:11:17.220
And<00:11:14.120><c> they</c><00:11:14.440><c> say</c><00:11:14.639><c> that</c><00:11:14.940><c> all</c><00:11:15.100><c> of</c><00:11:15.220><c> this</c><00:11:15.419><c> came</c><00:11:15.639><c> from</c><00:11:16.100><c> an</c><00:11:16.480><c> explosion</c>

00:11:17.220 --> 00:11:19.419
15<00:11:17.840><c> billion</c><00:11:18.179><c> years</c><00:11:18.500><c> ago.</c>

00:11:19.720 --> 00:11:23.740
That<00:11:20.179><c> everything</c><00:11:20.559><c> came</c><00:11:20.820><c> out</c><00:11:21.080><c> of</c><00:11:21.500><c> something</c><00:11:21.860><c> as</c><00:11:22.379><c> small</c><00:11:22.659><c> as</c><00:11:22.899><c> nothing.</c>

00:11:24.120 --> 00:11:26.220
Everything<00:11:24.779><c> came</c><00:11:25.039><c> from</c><00:11:25.240><c> nothing.</c>

00:11:28.240 --> 00:11:31.379
In<00:11:28.600><c> a</c><00:11:29.080><c> great</c><00:11:29.259><c> explosion,</c><00:11:29.960><c> the</c><00:11:30.120><c> Big</c><00:11:30.419><c> Bang,</c>

00:11:32.240 --> 00:11:37.200
and<00:11:32.740><c> just</c><00:11:33.120><c> by</c><00:11:33.519><c> good</c><00:11:33.840><c> fortune,</c><00:11:35.700><c> all</c><00:11:35.899><c> those</c><00:11:36.200><c> parameters</c>

00:11:37.200 --> 00:11:43.799
were<00:11:38.419><c> just</c><00:11:39.779><c> right</c><00:11:40.419><c> for</c><00:11:42.879><c> molecules</c><00:11:43.379><c> to</c><00:11:43.679><c> form,</c>

00:11:43.840 --> 00:11:46.899
for<00:11:44.179><c> carbon</c><00:11:44.440><c> atoms</c><00:11:44.840><c> to</c><00:11:45.100><c> form</c><00:11:45.279><c> to</c><00:11:45.539><c> life</c><00:11:45.679><c> to</c><00:11:45.899><c> be</c><00:11:46.100><c> created.</c>

00:11:46.980 --> 00:11:49.389
And<00:11:47.120><c> the</c><00:11:47.299><c> physicists</c><00:11:47.600><c> themselves</c><00:11:48.039><c> said</c><00:11:48.200><c> this</c><00:11:48.419><c> is,</c><00:11:49.059><c> you</c><00:11:49.059><c> know,</c>

00:11:49.389 --> 00:11:54.669
the<00:11:50.210><c> probability</c><00:11:51.149><c> of</c><00:11:51.490><c> that</c><00:11:51.769><c> happening</c><00:11:52.250><c> is</c><00:11:53.789><c> so</c><00:11:54.370><c> tiny</c>

00:11:54.669 --> 00:11:56.269
as<00:11:54.889><c> to</c><00:11:55.070><c> be</c><00:11:55.230><c> impossible.</c>

00:11:56.889 --> 00:11:58.330
And<00:11:57.029><c> so</c><00:11:57.129><c> the</c><00:11:57.250><c> way</c><00:11:57.330><c> you</c><00:11:57.429><c> get</c><00:11:57.629><c> out</c><00:11:57.809><c> of</c><00:11:57.929><c> it</c><00:11:58.090><c> is</c><00:11:58.129><c> to</c><00:11:58.210><c> say,</c>

00:11:58.710 --> 00:12:02.169
ah,<00:11:58.769><c> yes,</c><00:11:59.190><c> but</c><00:11:59.649><c> that's</c><00:12:00.250><c> assuming</c><00:12:00.429><c> there's</c><00:12:00.669><c> only</c><00:12:00.830><c> the</c><00:12:01.029><c> one</c><00:12:01.190><c> universe.</c>

00:12:02.230 --> 00:12:04.730
If<00:12:02.490><c> you</c><00:12:02.730><c> have</c><00:12:02.909><c> an</c><00:12:03.250><c> infinite</c><00:12:03.629><c> number</c><00:12:03.970><c> of</c><00:12:04.309><c> universes,</c>

00:12:05.090 --> 00:12:08.330
even<00:12:05.350><c> the</c><00:12:05.570><c> most</c><00:12:05.830><c> improbable</c><00:12:06.509><c> thing</c><00:12:06.870><c> will</c><00:12:07.210><c> happen</c><00:12:07.450><c> in</c><00:12:07.690><c> one</c><00:12:07.830><c> of</c><00:12:08.049><c> them,</c>

00:12:08.830 --> 00:12:10.330
and<00:12:08.990><c> that's</c><00:12:09.309><c> the</c><00:12:09.450><c> one</c><00:12:09.590><c> we're</c><00:12:09.909><c> in.</c>

00:12:10.610 --> 00:12:12.090
Solved<00:12:11.090><c> it.</c>

00:12:12.190 --> 00:12:15.850
So<00:12:12.710><c> the</c><00:12:13.029><c> multiverse</c><00:12:13.629><c> theory</c><00:12:14.070><c> is</c><00:12:14.529><c> a</c><00:12:14.730><c> way</c><00:12:14.889><c> of</c><00:12:14.970><c> trying</c><00:12:15.129><c> to</c><00:12:15.330><c> get</c><00:12:15.509><c> out</c>

00:12:15.850 --> 00:12:19.190
of<00:12:16.210><c> the</c><00:12:16.409><c> evidence</c><00:12:16.889><c> that</c><00:12:17.169><c> our</c><00:12:17.370><c> universe</c><00:12:17.809><c> is</c><00:12:18.070><c> fine</c><00:12:18.289><c>-tuned,</c>

00:12:19.330 --> 00:12:21.769
because<00:12:19.549><c> what</c><00:12:19.690><c> it</c><00:12:19.950><c> doesn't</c><00:12:20.149><c> do</c><00:12:20.409><c> is</c><00:12:20.590><c> say</c><00:12:20.769><c> where</c><00:12:21.029><c> an</c><00:12:21.250><c> infinite</c><00:12:21.470><c> number</c>

00:12:21.769 --> 00:12:23.509
of<00:12:21.990><c> universes</c><00:12:22.289><c> come</c><00:12:22.629><c> from,</c>

00:12:24.090 --> 00:12:26.169
because<00:12:24.269><c> your</c><00:12:24.549><c> problem</c><00:12:24.750><c> is</c><00:12:24.990><c> multiplied</c><00:12:25.490><c> an</c><00:12:25.730><c> infinite</c><00:12:25.970><c> number</c>

00:12:26.169 --> 00:12:27.330
of<00:12:26.409><c> times.</c>

00:12:28.509 --> 00:12:30.549
You<00:12:28.549><c> know,</c><00:12:28.769><c> just</c><00:12:28.970><c> to</c><00:12:29.169><c> say</c><00:12:29.250><c> there's</c><00:12:29.509><c> an</c><00:12:29.649><c> infinite</c><00:12:29.830><c> number</c><00:12:30.070><c> of</c><00:12:30.269><c> universes</c>

00:12:30.549 --> 00:12:33.330
doesn't<00:12:30.909><c> actually</c><00:12:31.250><c> tell</c><00:12:31.450><c> you</c><00:12:31.590><c> where</c><00:12:31.769><c> universes</c><00:12:32.169><c> come</c><00:12:32.529><c> from.</c>

00:12:34.529 --> 00:12:37.269
So<00:12:34.870><c> I</c><00:12:35.029><c> think</c><00:12:35.549><c> that</c><00:12:36.129><c> is</c><00:12:36.570><c> just...</c>

00:12:37.269 --> 00:12:40.850
So<00:12:38.070><c> that's</c><00:12:39.950><c> a</c><00:12:40.149><c> belief</c><00:12:40.429><c> statement.</c>

00:12:40.950 --> 00:12:42.330
That's<00:12:41.230><c> not</c><00:12:41.450><c> a</c><00:12:41.690><c> scientific</c><00:12:42.029><c> statement.</c>

00:12:42.330 --> 00:12:44.850
Whether<00:12:42.649><c> your</c><00:12:42.970><c> mathematics</c><00:12:43.529><c> could</c><00:12:44.029><c> develop,</c>

00:12:45.470 --> 00:12:48.009
whatever,<00:12:45.549><c> you</c><00:12:46.090><c> know,</c><00:12:46.090><c> your</c><00:12:46.309><c> equations</c><00:12:46.769><c> could</c><00:12:47.070><c> try</c><00:12:47.330><c> to</c><00:12:47.669><c> show,</c>

00:12:48.269 --> 00:12:50.389
given<00:12:48.409><c> certain</c><00:12:49.090><c> parameters,</c>

00:12:51.870 --> 00:12:53.990
that<00:12:52.090><c> is</c><00:12:52.330><c> a</c><00:12:52.590><c> belief</c><00:12:52.889><c> statement.</c>

00:12:54.210 --> 00:12:55.429
And<00:12:54.389><c> it's</c><00:12:54.889><c> a...</c>

00:12:55.429 --> 00:13:00.950
I<00:12:55.629><c> would</c><00:12:55.909><c> rather</c><00:12:56.610><c> believe</c><00:12:58.490><c> in</c><00:12:58.710><c> an</c><00:12:58.870><c> infinite</c><00:12:59.230><c> number</c><00:13:00.029><c> of</c><00:13:00.629><c> universes.</c>

00:13:01.049 --> 00:13:03.289
I<00:13:01.230><c> find</c><00:13:01.490><c> that</c><00:13:01.730><c> more</c><00:13:02.169><c> believable</c>

00:13:03.330 --> 00:13:08.429
than<00:13:03.769><c> to</c><00:13:04.029><c> tell</c><00:13:04.210><c> me</c><00:13:04.429><c> there</c><00:13:04.710><c> is</c><00:13:04.970><c> a</c><00:13:05.210><c> god</c><00:13:05.870><c> outside</c><00:13:06.889><c> of</c><00:13:07.149><c> this</c><00:13:07.389><c> universe.</c>

00:13:09.529 --> 00:13:11.730
So<00:13:10.090><c> when</c><00:13:10.649><c> scientists</c><00:13:11.169><c> say</c><00:13:11.529><c> that,</c>

00:13:11.769 --> 00:13:14.110
they're<00:13:12.049><c> not</c><00:13:12.409><c> making</c><00:13:12.990><c> scientific</c><00:13:13.710><c> statements,</c>

00:13:14.190 --> 00:13:16.970
they're<00:13:14.450><c> making</c><00:13:14.809><c> metaphysical</c><00:13:15.649><c> statements,</c><00:13:16.730><c> right?</c>

00:13:17.049 --> 00:13:20.590
They're<00:13:17.429><c> making</c><00:13:17.710><c> statements</c><00:13:18.230><c> about</c><00:13:18.649><c> their</c><00:13:19.110><c> belief</c><00:13:19.490><c> system</c>

00:13:20.730 --> 00:13:22.710
and<00:13:21.289><c> their</c><00:13:21.529><c> prejudices.</c>

00:13:23.090 --> 00:13:25.870
So<00:13:23.269><c> you</c><00:13:23.350><c> need</c><00:13:23.529><c> to,</c><00:13:24.330><c> in</c><00:13:24.429><c> a</c><00:13:24.529><c> sense,</c><00:13:24.750><c> come</c><00:13:24.950><c> onto</c><00:13:25.190><c> the</c><00:13:25.470><c> front</c><00:13:25.710><c> foot</c>

00:13:25.870 --> 00:13:28.490
and<00:13:26.169><c> not</c><00:13:26.529><c> be</c><00:13:26.769><c> knocked</c><00:13:27.029><c> back</c><00:13:27.289><c> by</c><00:13:27.570><c> that.</c>

00:13:28.950 --> 00:13:30.769
If<00:13:29.090><c> somebody</c><00:13:29.250><c> says</c><00:13:29.470><c> it's</c><00:13:29.730><c> more</c><00:13:30.009><c> plausible,</c><00:13:30.409><c> I</c><00:13:30.649><c> say,</c>

00:13:30.909 --> 00:13:32.350
you've<00:13:31.049><c> got</c><00:13:31.110><c> to</c><00:13:31.210><c> be</c><00:13:31.389><c> crazy.</c>

00:13:32.870 --> 00:13:34.850
You<00:13:33.009><c> know,</c><00:13:33.490><c> more</c><00:13:33.789><c> plausible.</c>

00:13:36.529 --> 00:13:38.110
Based<00:13:36.970><c> on</c><00:13:37.269><c> what?</c>

00:13:38.970 --> 00:13:40.750
So<00:13:39.110><c> where</c><00:13:39.289><c> does</c><00:13:39.429><c> this</c><00:13:39.649><c> lead</c><00:13:39.889><c> them?</c>

00:13:41.570 --> 00:13:43.870
August<00:13:41.909><c> the</c><00:13:42.090><c> 8th,</c><00:13:42.789><c> still</c><00:13:42.990><c> current.</c>

00:13:44.490 --> 00:13:46.210
How<00:13:44.649><c> up</c><00:13:44.789><c> to</c><00:13:44.970><c> date</c><00:13:45.110><c> am</c><00:13:45.330><c> I?</c>

00:13:47.149 --> 00:13:48.990
Philosophers<00:13:47.590><c> in</c><00:13:47.809><c> New</c><00:13:48.110><c> York,</c>

00:13:49.350 --> 00:13:53.049
the<00:13:49.590><c> universe</c><00:13:50.049><c> has</c><00:13:50.269><c> no</c><00:13:50.529><c> purpose,</c><00:13:51.210><c> but</c><00:13:51.429><c> we</c><00:13:51.730><c> can</c><00:13:51.970><c> pretend.</c>

00:13:54.409 --> 00:13:55.710
Now,<00:13:54.629><c> I</c><00:13:54.769><c> think</c><00:13:54.929><c> that's</c><00:13:55.330><c> the</c><00:13:55.549><c> problem,</c>

00:13:55.830 --> 00:13:58.049
and<00:13:55.929><c> that's</c><00:13:56.149><c> why</c><00:13:56.250><c> society's</c><00:13:56.889><c> got</c><00:13:57.090><c> to.</c>

00:13:59.570 --> 00:14:01.070
Pretending<00:14:00.009><c> it's</c><00:14:00.350><c> got</c><00:14:00.490><c> a</c><00:14:00.690><c> purpose.</c>

00:14:01.210 --> 00:14:03.549
But<00:14:01.330><c> when</c><00:14:01.429><c> you</c><00:14:01.629><c> think</c><00:14:01.830><c> about</c><00:14:02.110><c> it,</c><00:14:02.330><c> if</c><00:14:02.529><c> there</c><00:14:02.750><c> is</c><00:14:03.009><c> no</c><00:14:03.230><c> god,</c>

00:14:03.549 --> 00:14:05.470
there<00:14:03.990><c> is</c><00:14:04.269><c> no</c><00:14:04.470><c> purpose.</c>

00:14:05.710 --> 00:14:08.509
There's<00:14:06.149><c> survival,</c><00:14:06.889><c> if</c><00:14:07.090><c> you</c><00:14:07.269><c> want</c><00:14:07.389><c> to</c><00:14:07.649><c> survive.</c>

00:14:09.350 --> 00:14:10.669
You<00:14:09.509><c> can't</c><00:14:09.830><c> say</c><00:14:10.009><c> there's</c><00:14:10.250><c> purpose,</c>

00:14:10.710 --> 00:14:12.629
you<00:14:10.850><c> can't</c><00:14:11.190><c> say</c><00:14:11.289><c> there's</c><00:14:11.610><c> direction.</c>

00:14:12.990 --> 00:14:17.610
Why<00:14:13.370><c> would</c><00:14:13.590><c> you</c><00:14:14.309><c> think</c><00:14:14.750><c> that</c><00:14:15.450><c> we</c><00:14:15.950><c> could</c><00:14:16.750><c> collectively</c>

00:14:17.610 --> 00:14:20.049
develop<00:14:18.429><c> something</c><00:14:18.990><c> towards</c><00:14:19.490><c> a</c><00:14:19.750><c> goal?</c>

00:14:20.210 --> 00:14:23.210
Well,<00:14:20.330><c> because</c><00:14:20.529><c> it's</c><00:14:21.629><c> going</c><00:14:21.789><c> to</c><00:14:21.950><c> fizzle</c><00:14:22.210><c> out</c><00:14:22.370><c> anyway.</c>

00:14:24.250 --> 00:14:26.850
And<00:14:24.450><c> I</c><00:14:24.789><c> suspect</c><00:14:25.210><c> that</c><00:14:25.549><c> one</c><00:14:25.669><c> of</c><00:14:25.830><c> the</c><00:14:26.009><c> reasons</c><00:14:26.330><c> society</c>

00:14:26.850 --> 00:14:32.509
has<00:14:27.289><c> gone</c><00:14:27.490><c> the</c><00:14:27.629><c> way</c><00:14:27.769><c> it</c><00:14:27.950><c> is</c><00:14:28.990><c> into</c><00:14:30.049><c> the</c><00:14:31.730><c> now</c><00:14:32.169><c> moment.</c>

00:14:32.509 --> 00:14:35.610
Everything<00:14:32.990><c> must</c><00:14:33.269><c> be</c><00:14:33.590><c> now</c><00:14:33.870><c> is</c><00:14:34.149><c> because</c><00:14:34.570><c> that's</c><00:14:34.950><c> all</c><00:14:35.110><c> you</c><00:14:35.230><c> can</c><00:14:35.450><c> do.</c>

00:14:35.750 --> 00:14:37.289
You<00:14:35.809><c> can</c><00:14:36.009><c> eat,</c><00:14:36.269><c> drink,</c><00:14:36.549><c> and</c><00:14:36.669><c> be</c><00:14:36.950><c> merry</c>

00:14:37.289 --> 00:14:39.629
because<00:14:37.690><c> there's</c><00:14:37.970><c> no</c><00:14:38.210><c> purpose</c><00:14:38.549><c> in</c><00:14:38.809><c> life.</c>

00:14:40.409 --> 00:14:43.149
So<00:14:40.629><c> it's</c><00:14:40.809><c> a</c><00:14:40.950><c> rather</c><00:14:41.230><c> vacuous</c><00:14:41.950><c> philosophy.</c>

00:14:44.190 --> 00:14:46.210
It's<00:14:44.450><c> a</c><00:14:44.509><c> fantastical</c><00:14:45.470><c> philosophy</c>

00:14:46.210 --> 00:14:49.669
to<00:14:46.769><c> conjure</c><00:14:47.169><c> up</c><00:14:47.409><c> infinite</c><00:14:47.970><c> number</c><00:14:48.610><c> of</c><00:14:49.269><c> universes,</c>

00:14:49.769 --> 00:14:54.730
to<00:14:50.070><c> get</c><00:14:50.389><c> out</c><00:14:50.789><c> of</c><00:14:51.110><c> the</c><00:14:51.450><c> evidence</c><00:14:51.750><c> that</c><00:14:52.049><c> this</c><00:14:52.429><c> one</c><00:14:52.649><c> has</c><00:14:53.210><c> been</c><00:14:53.649><c> crafted,</c>

00:14:54.769 --> 00:14:57.049
designed<00:14:54.950><c> to</c><00:14:55.269><c> perfection</c><00:14:55.789><c> to</c><00:14:56.149><c> support</c><00:14:56.570><c> life,</c>

00:14:57.450 --> 00:14:59.970
despite<00:14:57.950><c> the</c><00:14:58.750><c> way</c><00:14:58.850><c> we</c><00:14:59.110><c> behave.</c>

00:15:00.409 --> 00:15:03.110
So<00:15:01.029><c> if</c><00:15:01.230><c> we</c><00:15:01.250><c> come</c><00:15:01.409><c> to</c><00:15:01.769><c> that</c><00:15:02.269><c> fine</c><00:15:02.570><c>-tuning</c><00:15:02.830><c> argument,</c>

00:15:03.289 --> 00:15:05.429
it's<00:15:03.330><c> part</c><00:15:03.509><c> of</c><00:15:03.690><c> the</c><00:15:04.009><c> design</c><00:15:04.610><c> argument,</c>

00:15:05.570 --> 00:15:11.330
and<00:15:05.789><c> that</c><00:15:05.970><c> is</c><00:15:06.230><c> that</c><00:15:07.210><c> life</c><00:15:07.970><c> has</c><00:15:09.850><c> all</c><00:15:10.409><c> the</c><00:15:10.909><c> traits</c>

00:15:11.330 --> 00:15:15.110
of<00:15:12.070><c> being</c><00:15:12.509><c> designed</c><00:15:13.250><c> by</c><00:15:13.669><c> an</c><00:15:14.029><c> intelligence.</c>

00:15:18.250 --> 00:15:22.450
And<00:15:18.450><c> the</c><00:15:18.629><c> verses</c><00:15:18.929><c> I</c><00:15:19.490><c> would</c><00:15:20.169><c> go</c><00:15:20.509><c> to</c><00:15:21.629><c> are</c><00:15:21.970><c> on</c><00:15:22.110><c> the</c><00:15:22.309><c> screen.</c>

00:15:22.610 --> 00:15:24.470
They're<00:15:22.710><c> Romans</c><00:15:22.950><c> chapter</c><00:15:23.230><c> 1,</c><00:15:23.429><c> verses</c><00:15:23.710><c> 19</c><00:15:24.029><c> to</c><00:15:24.230><c> 20.</c>

00:15:24.850 --> 00:15:29.269
I've<00:15:25.470><c> changed</c><00:15:25.730><c> the</c><00:15:26.110><c> word</c><00:15:26.350><c> order</c><00:15:26.649><c> to</c><00:15:26.990><c> try</c><00:15:27.250><c> to</c><00:15:28.250><c> more</c><00:15:28.710><c> faithfully</c>

00:15:29.269 --> 00:15:31.909
represent<00:15:29.950><c> the</c><00:15:30.750><c> word</c><00:15:30.970><c> order</c><00:15:31.250><c> in</c><00:15:31.470><c> the</c><00:15:31.730><c> Greek,</c>

00:15:32.250 --> 00:15:37.090
which<00:15:32.289><c> then</c><00:15:33.190><c> partitions</c><00:15:33.769><c> out</c><00:15:34.070><c> in</c><00:15:34.389><c> quite</c><00:15:35.029><c> a</c><00:15:35.309><c> neat</c><00:15:35.649><c> little</c><00:15:36.110><c> pattern.</c>

00:15:37.190 --> 00:15:39.769
And<00:15:37.190><c> this</c><00:15:37.409><c> is</c><00:15:37.629><c> what</c><00:15:37.750><c> I...</c>

00:15:40.470 --> 00:15:42.190
Honestly,<00:15:41.210><c> I</c><00:15:41.370><c> didn't</c><00:15:41.629><c> fix</c><00:15:41.970><c> it.</c>

00:15:42.370 --> 00:15:44.830
It's<00:15:42.389><c> just...</c>

00:15:44.830 --> 00:15:47.389
Don't<00:15:45.990><c> ever</c><00:15:46.230><c> do</c><00:15:46.409><c> that.</c>

00:15:48.409 --> 00:15:50.409
What<00:15:49.090><c> it's</c><00:15:49.409><c> saying</c><00:15:49.649><c> is,</c>

00:15:50.750 --> 00:15:54.250
that<00:15:51.029><c> which</c><00:15:51.350><c> may</c><00:15:51.570><c> be</c><00:15:51.870><c> known</c><00:15:52.230><c> of</c><00:15:52.669><c> God</c><00:15:53.009><c> is</c><00:15:53.429><c> manifest</c><00:15:54.029><c> in</c><00:15:54.169><c> them,</c>

00:15:54.309 --> 00:15:58.070
for<00:15:54.509><c> God</c><00:15:54.850><c> hath</c><00:15:55.149><c> showed,</c><00:15:56.330><c> manifested</c><00:15:57.009><c> unto</c><00:15:57.629><c> them.</c>

00:15:58.070 --> 00:16:02.070
God<00:15:58.789><c> has</c><00:15:59.370><c> shown</c><00:16:00.110><c> mankind</c><00:16:00.929><c> something,</c>

00:16:02.830 --> 00:16:05.909
to<00:16:03.309><c> the</c><00:16:03.590><c> point</c><00:16:03.769><c> that</c><00:16:04.009><c> we</c><00:16:04.149><c> are</c><00:16:04.350><c> without</c><00:16:04.730><c> excuse.</c>

00:16:06.029 --> 00:16:08.509
It's<00:16:06.230><c> not</c><00:16:06.490><c> saying</c><00:16:06.669><c> that</c><00:16:06.909><c> God</c><00:16:07.029><c> has</c><00:16:07.210><c> revealed</c><00:16:07.570><c> it</c><00:16:07.710><c> in</c><00:16:07.850><c> his</c><00:16:08.129><c> word.</c>

00:16:08.769 --> 00:16:11.429
What<00:16:08.950><c> he's</c><00:16:09.289><c> saying</c><00:16:09.409><c> is</c><00:16:09.610><c> that</c><00:16:09.830><c> God</c><00:16:10.009><c> has</c><00:16:10.370><c> manifested</c><00:16:10.889><c> himself</c>

00:16:11.429 --> 00:16:14.250
in<00:16:11.629><c> a</c><00:16:11.870><c> certain</c><00:16:12.110><c> way</c><00:16:12.529><c> to</c><00:16:12.929><c> take</c><00:16:13.149><c> away</c><00:16:13.350><c> any</c><00:16:13.669><c> excuse</c>

00:16:14.250 --> 00:16:17.110
for<00:16:14.509><c> not</c><00:16:14.830><c> believing</c><00:16:15.230><c> in</c><00:16:15.509><c> the</c><00:16:15.710><c> existence</c><00:16:16.029><c> of</c><00:16:16.330><c> God,</c>

00:16:17.250 --> 00:16:20.509
a<00:16:17.529><c> creator</c><00:16:18.029><c> who</c><00:16:18.409><c> is</c><00:16:18.629><c> outside</c><00:16:19.090><c> of</c><00:16:19.309><c> his</c><00:16:19.570><c> creation.</c>

00:16:20.629 --> 00:16:24.409
What<00:16:20.929><c> happens</c><00:16:21.750><c> is</c><00:16:22.389><c> that</c><00:16:22.629><c> through</c><00:16:22.789><c> the</c><00:16:22.970><c> course</c><00:16:23.190><c> of</c><00:16:23.529><c> human</c><00:16:23.730><c> history,</c>

00:16:24.409 --> 00:16:28.830
men<00:16:25.210><c> have</c><00:16:25.470><c> invented</c><00:16:26.169><c> gods</c><00:16:26.750><c> which</c><00:16:27.049><c> are</c><00:16:27.330><c> part</c><00:16:27.610><c> of</c><00:16:27.909><c> creation.</c>

00:16:29.330 --> 00:16:34.029
They<00:16:29.809><c> have</c><00:16:30.169><c> the</c><00:16:30.850><c> form</c><00:16:31.090><c> of</c><00:16:31.429><c> animals</c><00:16:31.889><c> or</c><00:16:32.909><c> planets.</c>

00:16:34.750 --> 00:16:38.230
And<00:16:35.049><c> men</c><00:16:35.269><c> say,</c><00:16:35.529><c> look,</c><00:16:36.210><c> those</c><00:16:36.690><c> are</c><00:16:37.049><c> our</c><00:16:37.269><c> gods.</c>

00:16:39.289 --> 00:16:41.409
But<00:16:39.669><c> then,</c><00:16:40.649><c> who</c><00:16:40.789><c> made</c><00:16:41.070><c> them?</c>

00:16:41.529 --> 00:16:44.409
Because<00:16:41.809><c> you're</c><00:16:42.009><c> talking</c><00:16:42.269><c> about</c><00:16:42.809><c> something</c><00:16:43.210><c> you</c><00:16:43.389><c> can</c><00:16:43.690><c> see.</c>

00:16:44.570 --> 00:16:49.190
And<00:16:44.710><c> what</c><00:16:45.649><c> Romans</c><00:16:45.990><c> is</c><00:16:46.289><c> saying</c><00:16:46.470><c> is</c><00:16:46.750><c> that</c><00:16:46.970><c> God</c><00:16:47.129><c> has</c><00:16:48.129><c> shown</c><00:16:48.529><c> something</c>

00:16:49.190 --> 00:16:51.610
to<00:16:50.370><c> take</c><00:16:50.610><c> away</c><00:16:50.850><c> any</c><00:16:51.129><c> excuse.</c>

00:16:51.990 --> 00:16:53.289
What<00:16:52.169><c> has</c><00:16:52.330><c> he</c><00:16:52.509><c> shown?</c>

00:16:53.730 --> 00:16:59.129
The<00:16:54.409><c> invisible</c><00:16:55.090><c> things</c><00:16:55.590><c> of</c><00:16:55.850><c> God</c><00:16:56.289><c> from</c><00:16:57.590><c> the</c><00:16:57.909><c> creation</c><00:16:58.250><c> of</c><00:16:58.509><c> the</c><00:16:58.750><c> world</c>

00:16:59.129 --> 00:17:03.889
are<00:16:59.669><c> clearly</c><00:17:00.070><c> seen,</c><00:17:01.190><c> even</c><00:17:01.529><c> his</c><00:17:01.830><c> eternal</c><00:17:02.230><c> power</c><00:17:02.610><c> and</c><00:17:02.830><c> godhood.</c>

00:17:03.909 --> 00:17:07.450
That<00:17:04.210><c> there</c><00:17:04.509><c> is</c><00:17:04.730><c> a</c><00:17:05.049><c> power</c><00:17:05.289><c> outside</c><00:17:05.890><c> our</c><00:17:06.250><c> universe,</c>

00:17:07.650 --> 00:17:09.130
outside<00:17:07.990><c> the</c><00:17:08.309><c> laws</c><00:17:08.490><c> of</c><00:17:08.829><c> physics,</c>

00:17:09.269 --> 00:17:11.809
which<00:17:09.450><c> has</c><00:17:09.829><c> caused</c><00:17:10.069><c> these</c><00:17:10.410><c> things</c><00:17:10.589><c> to</c><00:17:10.849><c> come</c><00:17:10.970><c> into</c><00:17:11.250><c> existence</c>

00:17:11.809 --> 00:17:17.250
in<00:17:12.329><c> a</c><00:17:12.589><c> superbly</c><00:17:13.950><c> refined</c><00:17:14.930><c> and</c><00:17:15.410><c> fine</c><00:17:15.809><c>-tuned</c><00:17:16.109><c> way,</c>

00:17:17.809 --> 00:17:22.470
is<00:17:18.450><c> evident</c><00:17:19.089><c> from</c><00:17:19.789><c> the</c><00:17:20.089><c> things</c><00:17:20.390><c> that</c><00:17:20.809><c> are</c><00:17:21.390><c> made.</c>

00:17:23.329 --> 00:17:25.390
We're<00:17:23.549><c> to</c><00:17:23.710><c> look</c><00:17:23.890><c> at</c><00:17:24.069><c> the</c><00:17:24.269><c> things</c><00:17:24.410><c> that</c><00:17:24.670><c> are</c><00:17:24.890><c> made</c>

00:17:25.390 --> 00:17:32.430
and<00:17:25.990><c> see</c><00:17:26.269><c> evidence</c><00:17:27.069><c> of</c><00:17:27.910><c> a</c><00:17:28.289><c> creative</c><00:17:28.670><c> power</c><00:17:29.529><c> and</c><00:17:30.849><c> an</c><00:17:31.250><c> intelligence.</c>

00:17:33.089 --> 00:17:36.029
That's<00:17:33.329><c> how</c><00:17:33.430><c> I</c><00:17:33.630><c> understand</c><00:17:34.109><c> those</c><00:17:35.029><c> verses.</c>

00:17:36.890 --> 00:17:40.609
So<00:17:37.069><c> the</c><00:17:37.269><c> argument</c><00:17:37.670><c> for</c><00:17:37.970><c> design</c><00:17:38.470><c> is</c><00:17:38.690><c> not</c><00:17:38.869><c> a</c><00:17:39.109><c> scientific</c><00:17:39.490><c> argument</c><00:17:40.049><c> so</c><00:17:40.309><c> much</c>

00:17:40.609 --> 00:17:42.509
as<00:17:40.970><c> a</c><00:17:41.210><c> scriptural</c><00:17:41.690><c> argument.</c>

00:17:42.630 --> 00:17:44.990
But<00:17:42.769><c> God</c><00:17:42.910><c> is</c><00:17:43.089><c> saying,</c><00:17:43.369><c> you</c><00:17:43.710><c> look</c><00:17:43.930><c> at</c><00:17:44.089><c> what</c><00:17:44.269><c> I</c><00:17:44.470><c> have</c><00:17:44.670><c> made,</c>

00:17:44.990 --> 00:17:54.750
and<00:17:46.089><c> you</c><00:17:46.269><c> will</c><00:17:46.670><c> see</c><00:17:47.450><c> the</c><00:17:48.869><c> evidence</c><00:17:49.470><c> for</c><00:17:51.190><c> God's</c><00:17:53.569><c> eternal</c><00:17:54.109><c> power</c>

00:17:54.750 --> 00:17:56.490
and<00:17:55.210><c> godhood.</c>

00:17:57.150 --> 00:18:03.349
People<00:17:57.470><c> took</c><00:17:57.769><c> that</c><00:17:58.150><c> too</c><00:17:58.630><c> far</c><00:17:58.990><c> in</c><00:18:01.349><c> the</c><00:18:01.690><c> 1700s,</c><00:18:02.130><c> 1800s,</c>

00:18:03.410 --> 00:18:05.150
people<00:18:03.569><c> like</c><00:18:03.750><c> William</c><00:18:04.210><c> Paley.</c>

00:18:05.690 --> 00:18:07.849
And<00:18:06.210><c> it</c><00:18:06.369><c> got</c><00:18:06.549><c> into</c><00:18:06.789><c> disrepute</c><00:18:07.250><c> because</c><00:18:07.430><c> they</c><00:18:07.690><c> said,</c>

00:18:08.170 --> 00:18:11.109
you<00:18:08.190><c> can</c><00:18:08.589><c> study</c><00:18:08.950><c> nature,</c><00:18:09.589><c> you</c><00:18:09.650><c> can</c><00:18:09.930><c> study</c><00:18:10.150><c> the</c><00:18:10.430><c> book</c><00:18:10.630><c> of</c><00:18:10.849><c> nature</c>

00:18:11.109 --> 00:18:12.690
as<00:18:11.329><c> well</c><00:18:11.529><c> as</c><00:18:11.670><c> the</c><00:18:11.849><c> book</c><00:18:12.049><c> of</c><00:18:12.289><c> the</c><00:18:12.490><c> word.</c>

00:18:12.690 --> 00:18:14.609
They<00:18:12.930><c> said,</c><00:18:12.930><c> if</c><00:18:13.109><c> you</c><00:18:13.349><c> study</c><00:18:13.549><c> the</c><00:18:13.809><c> book</c><00:18:13.950><c> of</c><00:18:14.230><c> nature,</c>

00:18:14.970 --> 00:18:17.529
you<00:18:15.069><c> can</c><00:18:15.390><c> learn</c><00:18:15.609><c> about</c><00:18:15.930><c> the</c><00:18:16.269><c> character</c><00:18:16.549><c> of</c><00:18:16.809><c> God.</c>

00:18:17.569 --> 00:18:19.690
So<00:18:17.730><c> they</c><00:18:17.890><c> said,</c><00:18:18.109><c> look</c><00:18:18.369><c> at</c><00:18:18.569><c> the</c><00:18:18.809><c> three</c><00:18:18.990><c>-leaf</c><00:18:19.170><c> clover.</c>

00:18:20.109 --> 00:18:21.529
There's<00:18:20.430><c> the</c><00:18:20.589><c> Trinity.</c>

00:18:22.390 --> 00:18:23.569
They<00:18:22.710><c> did.</c>

00:18:25.349 --> 00:18:27.029
That's<00:18:25.869><c> what</c><00:18:26.009><c> they</c><00:18:26.289><c> said.</c>

00:18:28.569 --> 00:18:32.190
So<00:18:29.089><c> you</c><00:18:29.549><c> could</c><00:18:29.750><c> see</c><00:18:29.890><c> that</c><00:18:30.130><c> people</c><00:18:30.390><c> could</c><00:18:30.990><c> read</c><00:18:31.230><c> all</c><00:18:31.549><c> sorts</c><00:18:31.849><c> of</c><00:18:32.029><c> things</c>

00:18:32.190 --> 00:18:34.930
into<00:18:32.549><c> nature</c><00:18:33.089><c> from</c><00:18:33.529><c> an</c><00:18:33.789><c> imagination.</c>

00:18:35.730 --> 00:18:38.109
But<00:18:35.869><c> I</c><00:18:36.009><c> think</c><00:18:36.069><c> what</c><00:18:36.210><c> it's</c><00:18:36.470><c> saying</c><00:18:36.670><c> is</c><00:18:36.930><c> that</c><00:18:37.170><c> the</c><00:18:37.430><c> existence</c><00:18:37.849><c> of</c>

00:18:38.109 --> 00:18:38.470
a<00:18:38.309><c> god</c>

00:18:38.470 --> 00:18:43.849
outside<00:18:39.150><c> of</c><00:18:39.529><c> our</c><00:18:40.349><c> creation,</c><00:18:41.170><c> outside</c><00:18:41.609><c> of</c><00:18:42.210><c> the</c><00:18:42.430><c> created</c><00:18:42.710><c> order,</c>

00:18:43.930 --> 00:18:45.569
is<00:18:44.170><c> evident</c><00:18:44.470><c> from</c><00:18:44.690><c> the</c><00:18:44.890><c> things</c><00:18:45.029><c> that</c><00:18:45.250><c> are</c><00:18:45.430><c> made.</c>

00:18:45.670 --> 00:18:49.450
And<00:18:45.869><c> this</c><00:18:46.069><c> is</c><00:18:46.289><c> something</c><00:18:46.470><c> we</c><00:18:46.809><c> find</c><00:18:47.109><c> in</c><00:18:47.450><c> scripture</c><00:18:48.089><c> quite</c><00:18:49.250><c> a</c><00:18:49.369><c> lot.</c>

00:18:49.569 --> 00:18:54.690
I'm<00:18:49.650><c> going</c><00:18:49.769><c> to</c><00:18:49.890><c> give</c><00:18:50.509><c> you</c><00:18:50.589><c> some</c><00:18:50.809><c> video</c><00:18:51.269><c> clips</c><00:18:51.690><c> to</c><00:18:53.609><c> illustrate</c>

00:18:54.950 --> 00:18:56.970
the<00:18:55.390><c> exquisite</c><00:18:55.829><c> evidence</c><00:18:56.329><c> for</c><00:18:56.589><c> design.</c>

00:18:57.069 --> 00:18:57.789
This<00:18:57.210><c> is</c><00:18:57.410><c> just</c><00:18:57.670><c> one.</c>

00:18:58.210 --> 00:19:00.029
I<00:18:58.490><c> love</c><00:18:58.690><c> this</c><00:18:58.970><c> one,</c><00:18:59.109><c> so</c><00:18:59.269><c> I'm</c><00:18:59.410><c> going</c><00:18:59.509><c> to</c><00:18:59.670><c> show</c><00:18:59.809><c> it</c>

00:19:00.029 --> 00:19:01.809
whether<00:19:00.130><c> you</c><00:19:00.329><c> like</c><00:19:00.450><c> it</c><00:19:00.609><c> or</c><00:19:00.750><c> not.</c>

00:19:03.049 --> 00:19:07.349
And<00:19:03.490><c> I</c><00:19:03.670><c> love</c><00:19:03.789><c> it</c><00:19:03.950><c> not</c><00:19:04.109><c> just</c><00:19:04.450><c> because</c><00:19:04.950><c> of</c><00:19:06.190><c> the</c><00:19:06.529><c> quote</c><00:19:06.710><c> at</c><00:19:06.930><c> the</c><00:19:07.089><c> bottom,</c>

00:19:07.349 --> 00:19:09.089
although<00:19:07.569><c> that's</c><00:19:07.910><c> pretty</c><00:19:08.170><c> attractive,</c><00:19:08.809><c> isn't</c><00:19:08.950><c> it?</c>

00:19:09.450 --> 00:19:13.210
It<00:19:09.650><c> is</c><00:19:11.029><c> curious</c><00:19:11.490><c> that</c><00:19:11.710><c> they</c><00:19:11.910><c> remember</c><00:19:12.450><c> well</c>

00:19:13.210 --> 00:19:17.670
when<00:19:13.950><c> the</c><00:19:14.250><c> thoughts</c><00:19:14.490><c> of</c><00:19:14.710><c> the</c><00:19:14.910><c> eye</c><00:19:15.109><c> may</c><00:19:15.349><c> be</c><00:19:15.630><c> cold</c><00:19:15.930><c> all</c><00:19:16.230><c> over,</c>

00:19:18.329 --> 00:19:21.970
said<00:19:18.470><c> Charles</c><00:19:18.890><c> Darwin</c><00:19:19.190><c> to</c><00:19:19.470><c> Asa</c><00:19:19.750><c> Gray,</c><00:19:20.490><c> 3rd</c><00:19:20.630><c> of</c><00:19:20.769><c> April,</c><00:19:21.089><c> 1860.</c>

00:19:22.470 --> 00:19:25.650
But<00:19:22.670><c> I've</c><00:19:22.990><c> got</c><00:19:23.109><c> over</c><00:19:23.630><c> this</c><00:19:24.089><c> stage</c><00:19:24.329><c> of</c><00:19:24.549><c> the</c><00:19:24.869><c> complaint.</c>

00:19:25.950 --> 00:19:28.210
There<00:19:26.029><c> was</c><00:19:26.190><c> a</c><00:19:26.410><c> time</c><00:19:26.750><c> when</c><00:19:27.109><c> he</c><00:19:27.269><c> looked</c><00:19:27.390><c> at</c><00:19:27.589><c> the</c><00:19:27.809><c> eye,</c>

00:19:28.509 --> 00:19:30.569
and<00:19:28.670><c> he</c><00:19:28.849><c> got</c><00:19:29.730><c> cold</c><00:19:30.109><c> shivers.</c>

00:19:30.990 --> 00:19:33.009
How<00:19:31.250><c> could</c><00:19:31.470><c> that</c><00:19:31.769><c> have</c><00:19:32.029><c> evolved?</c>

00:19:33.150 --> 00:19:35.410
But<00:19:33.329><c> I've</c><00:19:33.509><c> got</c><00:19:33.609><c> over</c><00:19:33.869><c> that,</c><00:19:34.490><c> that</c><00:19:34.890><c> complaint.</c>

00:19:35.410 --> 00:19:39.609
And<00:19:36.569><c> now</c><00:19:37.009><c> small</c><00:19:37.829><c> trifling</c><00:19:38.390><c> particulars</c><00:19:38.910><c> of</c><00:19:39.230><c> structure</c>

00:19:39.609 --> 00:19:42.150
often<00:19:40.130><c> make</c><00:19:40.329><c> me</c><00:19:40.529><c> feel</c><00:19:40.670><c> very</c><00:19:41.049><c> uncomfortable.</c>

00:19:43.869 --> 00:19:47.609
The<00:19:44.150><c> sight</c><00:19:44.529><c> of</c><00:19:45.210><c> a</c><00:19:45.410><c> feather</c><00:19:45.789><c> in</c><00:19:46.349><c> a</c><00:19:46.490><c> peacock's</c><00:19:47.069><c> tail</c>

00:19:47.609 --> 00:19:51.349
whenever<00:19:48.190><c> I</c><00:19:48.490><c> gaze</c><00:19:48.730><c> at</c><00:19:49.029><c> it</c><00:19:49.549><c> makes</c><00:19:49.890><c> me</c><00:19:50.130><c> feel</c><00:19:50.390><c> sick.</c>

00:19:53.509 --> 00:19:58.089
What<00:19:54.289><c> an</c><00:19:55.029><c> interesting</c><00:19:55.410><c> insight</c><00:19:55.869><c> that</c><00:19:56.150><c> is,</c><00:19:56.609><c> isn't</c><00:19:56.609><c> it?</c>

00:19:58.569 --> 00:20:01.849
This<00:19:58.890><c> is</c><00:19:59.109><c> the</c><00:19:59.230><c> man</c><00:19:59.450><c> credited</c><00:20:00.069><c> with</c><00:20:00.470><c> proving,</c>

00:20:02.730 --> 00:20:05.890
imagining<00:20:03.289><c> that</c><00:20:03.849><c> the</c><00:20:04.109><c> most</c><00:20:04.329><c> wonderfully</c><00:20:04.769><c> complex</c><00:20:05.390><c> things</c>

00:20:05.890 --> 00:20:08.509
could<00:20:06.210><c> come</c><00:20:06.490><c> about</c><00:20:06.769><c> by</c><00:20:07.089><c> small</c><00:20:07.390><c> gradual</c><00:20:07.930><c> changes</c>

00:20:08.509 --> 00:20:12.349
over<00:20:09.109><c> a</c><00:20:09.190><c> long</c><00:20:09.390><c> period</c><00:20:09.609><c> of</c><00:20:09.869><c> time</c><00:20:10.190><c> from</c><00:20:10.650><c> nothing</c><00:20:11.049><c> to</c><00:20:11.349><c> everything.</c>

00:20:13.609 --> 00:20:15.589
And<00:20:13.849><c> when</c><00:20:13.990><c> he</c><00:20:14.269><c> thought</c><00:20:14.430><c> about</c><00:20:14.609><c> his</c><00:20:14.890><c> own</c><00:20:15.250><c> theory</c>

00:20:15.589 --> 00:20:17.250
and<00:20:15.769><c> he</c><00:20:15.950><c> looked</c><00:20:16.089><c> at</c><00:20:16.289><c> a</c><00:20:16.470><c> peacock's</c><00:20:17.069><c> feather,</c>

00:20:17.329 --> 00:20:19.869
he<00:20:17.609><c> thought,</c><00:20:17.849><c> it</c><00:20:18.230><c> makes</c><00:20:18.470><c> me</c><00:20:18.690><c> feel</c><00:20:18.950><c> sick.</c>

00:20:23.549 --> 00:20:26.309
God<00:20:23.769><c> says,</c><00:20:24.710><c> you</c><00:20:24.930><c> look</c><00:20:25.089><c> at</c><00:20:25.250><c> a</c><00:20:25.430><c> peacock's</c><00:20:25.970><c> feather,</c>

00:20:26.589 --> 00:20:28.710
you'll<00:20:27.029><c> see</c><00:20:27.329><c> my</c><00:20:27.690><c> existence.</c>

00:20:32.230 --> 00:20:34.490
That's<00:20:32.789><c> the</c><00:20:32.910><c> issue,</c><00:20:33.329><c> isn't</c><00:20:33.390><c> it?</c>

00:20:34.990 --> 00:20:38.509
Let's<00:20:35.269><c> see</c><00:20:35.450><c> if</c><00:20:35.609><c> I</c><00:20:35.710><c> can</c><00:20:36.109><c> do</c><00:20:36.289><c> this.</c>

00:20:49.309 --> 00:20:50.089
Help.

00:20:55.150 --> 00:20:56.150
Okay.

00:21:00.430 --> 00:21:01.430
Oops.

00:21:05.670 --> 00:21:06.309
I'm<00:21:05.789><c> in</c><00:21:05.890><c> real</c><00:21:06.150><c> trouble.</c>

00:21:06.450 --> 00:21:08.089
Now<00:21:06.650><c> talk</c><00:21:06.809><c> amongst</c><00:21:07.130><c> yourselves.</c>

00:21:12.609 --> 00:21:14.109
Oh<00:21:13.109><c> dear,</c><00:21:13.589><c> dear,</c><00:21:13.750><c> dear,</c><00:21:13.990><c> dear.</c>

00:21:14.289 --> 00:21:16.410
So<00:21:14.529><c> always</c><00:21:14.769><c> something</c><00:21:15.150><c> comes</c><00:21:15.490><c> up.</c>

00:21:17.049 --> 00:21:18.490
I<00:21:17.210><c> think</c><00:21:17.390><c> it's</c><00:21:17.690><c> that</c><00:21:17.970><c> light</c><00:21:18.190><c> present.</c>

00:21:18.490 --> 00:21:22.670
Yeah,<00:21:19.130><c> and</c><00:21:19.430><c> then</c><00:21:19.589><c> I</c><00:21:19.750><c> go,</c><00:21:20.230><c> no,</c><00:21:20.890><c> okay,</c><00:21:21.269><c> go,</c><00:21:21.670><c> okay.</c>

00:21:26.589 --> 00:21:29.009
You'll<00:21:27.150><c> be</c><00:21:27.349><c> impressed</c><00:21:27.670><c> now</c><00:21:27.849><c> when</c><00:21:27.970><c> I've</c><00:21:28.190><c> done</c><00:21:28.309><c> it.</c>

00:21:49.750 --> 00:21:51.650
Laughter.

00:21:56.349 --> 00:21:59.269
Cock,<00:21:57.049><c> cock,</c><00:21:57.890><c> cock.</c>

00:22:24.710 --> 00:22:28.170
Whenever<00:22:25.309><c> I</c><00:22:25.630><c> gaze</c><00:22:25.910><c> at</c><00:22:26.150><c> it,</c><00:22:26.289><c> it</c><00:22:26.349><c> makes</c><00:22:26.589><c> me</c><00:22:26.849><c> feel</c><00:22:27.170><c> sick.</c>

00:22:32.049 --> 00:22:35.670
Do<00:22:32.250><c> you</c><00:22:32.289><c> know</c><00:22:32.650><c> the</c><00:22:33.170><c> color</c><00:22:33.609><c> that</c><00:22:34.710><c> makes</c><00:22:35.369><c> the</c><00:22:35.589><c> eye?</c>

00:22:35.809 --> 00:22:39.450
There's<00:22:36.269><c> nothing</c><00:22:36.589><c> which</c><00:22:36.890><c> is</c><00:22:37.109><c> an</c><00:22:37.309><c> eye</c><00:22:37.569><c> except</c><00:22:37.970><c> color,</c><00:22:38.549><c> right?</c>

00:22:39.710 --> 00:22:43.410
There's<00:22:40.109><c> not</c><00:22:40.329><c> a</c><00:22:41.170><c> bit</c><00:22:41.349><c> of</c><00:22:41.589><c> eye</c><00:22:41.890><c> that</c><00:22:42.230><c> grows</c><00:22:42.529><c> out</c><00:22:42.809><c> of</c><00:22:43.069><c> a</c><00:22:43.170><c> feather.</c>

00:22:43.890 --> 00:22:48.470
It's<00:22:44.109><c> just</c><00:22:44.789><c> the</c><00:22:45.930><c> feather</c><00:22:46.690><c> catching</c><00:22:48.150><c> the</c><00:22:48.430><c> light.</c>

00:22:48.470 --> 00:22:52.710
Or<00:22:49.089><c> dispersing</c><00:22:49.890><c> the</c><00:22:50.130><c> light</c><00:22:50.450><c> in</c><00:22:51.150><c> that</c><00:22:51.450><c> pattern.</c>

00:22:53.769 --> 00:22:56.970
And<00:22:53.789><c> scientists</c><00:22:54.049><c> at</c><00:22:54.190><c> Bristol</c><00:22:54.430><c> University</c><00:22:54.990><c> are</c><00:22:55.630><c> design</c><00:22:55.910><c> scientists.</c>

00:22:58.849 --> 00:23:00.670
Very<00:22:59.150><c> well</c><00:22:59.549><c>-known</c><00:22:59.829><c> design</c><00:23:00.190><c> scientists.</c>

00:23:00.950 --> 00:23:03.170
There's<00:23:01.109><c> a</c><00:23:01.250><c> book</c><00:23:01.490><c> on</c><00:23:02.029><c> creation</c><00:23:02.470><c> and</c><00:23:02.809><c> design.</c>

00:23:03.390 --> 00:23:09.049
And<00:23:03.490><c> he's</c><00:23:04.269><c> analyzed</c><00:23:05.190><c> the</c><00:23:05.730><c> physics</c><00:23:06.269><c> of</c><00:23:07.309><c> the</c><00:23:07.569><c> peacock's</c><00:23:08.289><c> tail.</c>

00:23:09.690 --> 00:23:13.589
And<00:23:10.369><c> it's</c><00:23:10.890><c> just</c><00:23:11.210><c> refraction</c><00:23:11.730><c> of</c><00:23:12.009><c> light,</c><00:23:12.210><c> that's</c><00:23:12.450><c> all</c><00:23:12.630><c> it</c><00:23:12.789><c> is.</c>

00:23:14.210 --> 00:23:16.390
But<00:23:15.049><c> he's</c><00:23:15.890><c> looked</c><00:23:16.089><c> at</c><00:23:16.269><c> it.</c>

00:23:16.529 --> 00:23:23.130
It<00:23:16.529><c> would</c><00:23:16.569><c> take</c><00:23:16.970><c> 20</c><00:23:17.849><c> genes</c><00:23:18.589><c> to</c><00:23:19.309><c> control</c><00:23:20.210><c> that</c><00:23:21.190><c> part</c><00:23:22.009><c> of</c><00:23:22.210><c> the</c><00:23:22.410><c> feather.</c>

00:23:24.049 --> 00:23:28.369
And<00:23:24.890><c> what</c><00:23:25.089><c> we've</c><00:23:25.269><c> been</c><00:23:25.549><c> told</c><00:23:25.910><c> is</c><00:23:26.069><c> that</c><00:23:26.430><c> small</c><00:23:26.769><c> changes</c><00:23:27.549><c> into</c>

00:23:28.369 --> 00:23:29.690
the<00:23:28.789><c> genetic</c><00:23:29.210><c> code,</c>

00:23:29.829 --> 00:23:34.190
the<00:23:30.069><c> computer</c><00:23:30.589><c> code,</c><00:23:32.549><c> for</c><00:23:32.690><c> the</c><00:23:32.890><c> fish</c><00:23:33.069><c> of</c><00:23:33.329><c> the</c><00:23:33.529><c> feather,</c>

00:23:34.609 --> 00:23:37.470
produced<00:23:35.390><c> through</c><00:23:36.069><c> random</c><00:23:36.670><c> changes.</c>

00:23:37.470 --> 00:23:43.670
That's<00:23:38.670><c> the</c><00:23:38.789><c> exquisite</c><00:23:39.970><c> design</c><00:23:40.890><c> of</c><00:23:41.309><c> an</c><00:23:41.569><c> eye</c><00:23:42.390><c> in</c><00:23:43.130><c> a</c><00:23:43.349><c> feather.</c>

00:23:44.150 --> 00:23:45.390
But<00:23:44.329><c> it's</c><00:23:44.529><c> not</c><00:23:44.730><c> one</c><00:23:45.069><c> feather.</c>

00:23:45.490 --> 00:23:53.470
It's<00:23:45.710><c> how</c><00:23:46.089><c> all</c><00:23:46.430><c> the</c><00:23:46.650><c> feathers</c><00:23:46.910><c> together</c><00:23:47.869><c> create</c><00:23:48.529><c> the</c><00:23:48.950><c> impression</c><00:23:49.509><c> of</c><00:23:50.569><c> color</c><00:23:51.210><c> and</c><00:23:52.650><c> shape.</c>

00:23:54.329 --> 00:23:56.329
Well,<00:23:54.730><c> I</c><00:23:54.809><c> mean,</c><00:23:54.890><c> that's</c><00:23:55.130><c> an</c><00:23:55.309><c> amazing</c><00:23:55.589><c> thing.</c>

00:23:56.829 --> 00:23:59.829
And<00:23:57.470><c> the</c><00:23:57.650><c> book</c><00:23:57.710><c> of</c><00:23:57.970><c> Joe,</c><00:23:58.670><c> you</c><00:23:58.789><c> know.</c>

00:24:00.069 --> 00:24:01.589
Did<00:24:00.269><c> you</c><00:24:00.450><c> do</c><00:24:00.650><c> that?</c>

00:24:03.289 --> 00:24:04.509
Okay.

00:24:09.890 --> 00:24:13.029
In<00:24:10.490><c> Darwin's</c><00:24:10.849><c> black</c><00:24:11.009><c> box</c><00:24:11.210><c> in</c><00:24:11.430><c> 1996,</c>

00:24:13.170 --> 00:24:17.190
Behe<00:24:13.490><c> spotlighted</c><00:24:14.809><c> and</c><00:24:14.970><c> made</c><00:24:15.269><c> famous</c><00:24:15.690><c> a</c><00:24:16.029><c> number</c><00:24:16.390><c> of</c><00:24:16.750><c> really</c>

00:24:17.190 --> 00:24:18.529
interesting<00:24:17.910><c> discoveries</c>

00:24:18.529 --> 00:24:22.210
that<00:24:19.029><c> had</c><00:24:19.309><c> been</c><00:24:19.569><c> occurring</c><00:24:20.049><c> in</c><00:24:20.809><c> biochemistry</c><00:24:21.390><c> and</c><00:24:21.650><c> cell</c><00:24:21.809><c> biology</c>

00:24:22.210 --> 00:24:23.609
over<00:24:22.529><c> the</c><00:24:22.569><c> last</c><00:24:22.769><c> two</c><00:24:22.930><c> or</c><00:24:22.990><c> three</c><00:24:23.130><c> decades.</c>

00:24:24.069 --> 00:24:27.230
And<00:24:24.289><c> what</c><00:24:25.109><c> biologists,</c><00:24:26.190><c> molecular</c><00:24:26.509><c> biologists,</c><00:24:27.109><c> cell</c>

00:24:27.230 --> 00:24:28.430
biologists,<00:24:27.910><c> microbiologists,</c>

00:24:28.430 --> 00:24:32.029
have<00:24:28.529><c> been</c><00:24:28.690><c> discovering</c><00:24:29.130><c> is</c><00:24:29.390><c> that</c><00:24:30.089><c> at</c><00:24:30.309><c> the</c><00:24:30.509><c> level</c><00:24:30.710><c> of</c><00:24:31.009><c> individual</c><00:24:31.509><c> cells,</c>

00:24:32.430 --> 00:24:35.289
there<00:24:32.430><c> are</c><00:24:32.730><c> little</c><00:24:33.009><c> tiny</c><00:24:33.549><c> examples</c><00:24:34.170><c> of</c><00:24:34.470><c> nanotechnology,</c>

00:24:35.450 --> 00:24:37.950
little<00:24:35.750><c> tiny</c><00:24:36.210><c> machines</c><00:24:37.130><c> at</c><00:24:37.670><c> work.</c>

00:24:38.450 --> 00:24:41.289
The<00:24:38.769><c> flagellar</c><00:24:39.250><c> motor</c><00:24:39.509><c> is</c><00:24:39.710><c> the</c><00:24:39.849><c> one</c><00:24:40.029><c> that</c><00:24:40.269><c> Behe</c><00:24:40.410><c> made</c><00:24:40.630><c> most</c><00:24:40.990><c> famous.</c>

00:24:41.430 --> 00:24:46.569
It's<00:24:41.549><c> a</c><00:24:41.789><c> rotary</c><00:24:42.109><c> engine</c><00:24:42.690><c> that</c><00:24:43.710><c> powers</c><00:24:44.490><c> a</c><00:24:45.049><c> whip</c><00:24:45.289><c>-like</c><00:24:45.670><c> tail,</c>

00:24:46.849 --> 00:24:49.630
a<00:24:46.849><c> protein</c><00:24:47.289><c> tail</c><00:24:47.710><c> that</c><00:24:48.309><c> functions</c><00:24:48.710><c> like</c><00:24:49.049><c> a</c><00:24:49.230><c> propeller.</c>

00:24:49.730 --> 00:24:52.289
And<00:24:49.950><c> it</c><00:24:50.089><c> moves</c><00:24:50.630><c> the</c><00:24:51.009><c> bacterium</c><00:24:51.490><c> through</c><00:24:51.789><c> liquid,</c>

00:24:52.609 --> 00:24:55.569
enabling<00:24:52.970><c> the</c><00:24:53.250><c> bacterium</c><00:24:53.650><c> to</c><00:24:53.910><c> essentially</c><00:24:54.210><c> track</c><00:24:54.509><c> down</c><00:24:54.750><c> its</c>

00:24:55.569 --> 00:24:56.210
food<00:24:55.789><c> supply.</c>

00:24:56.210 --> 00:25:01.690
And<00:24:56.970><c> this</c><00:24:57.349><c> little</c><00:24:57.650><c> machine</c><00:24:58.250><c> includes</c><00:24:58.910><c> a</c><00:24:59.470><c> rotor,</c><00:25:00.369><c> a</c><00:25:00.650><c> stator,</c><00:25:01.490><c> a</c>

00:25:01.690 --> 00:25:02.329
drive<00:25:01.990><c> shaft,</c>

00:25:02.549 --> 00:25:07.170
a<00:25:02.650><c> U</c><00:25:02.869><c>-joint,</c><00:25:03.769><c> bushings,</c><00:25:04.450><c> bearings,</c><00:25:05.109><c> and</c><00:25:05.190><c> a</c><00:25:05.349><c> whip</c><00:25:05.490><c>-like</c><00:25:05.650><c> tail</c><00:25:05.869><c> that</c><00:25:05.990><c> functions</c><00:25:06.329><c> like</c><00:25:06.609><c> a</c><00:25:06.710><c> propeller.</c>

00:25:07.670 --> 00:25:10.450
And<00:25:08.250><c> the</c><00:25:08.509><c> machine,</c><00:25:08.869><c> in</c><00:25:09.509><c> some</c><00:25:09.670><c> bacterial</c><00:25:10.029><c> systems,</c>

00:25:10.829 --> 00:25:13.029
turns<00:25:10.890><c> at</c><00:25:11.109><c> 100</c><00:25:11.410><c>,000</c><00:25:11.769><c> RPMs</c><00:25:12.210><c> in</c><00:25:12.390><c> one</c><00:25:12.589><c> direction</c>

00:25:13.029 --> 00:25:15.809
and<00:25:13.430><c> can</c><00:25:13.869><c> reverse</c><00:25:14.430><c> direction</c><00:25:14.690><c> on</c><00:25:14.869><c> a</c><00:25:15.029><c> quarter</c><00:25:15.230><c> of</c><00:25:15.529><c> a</c><00:25:15.549><c> turn</c>

00:25:15.809 --> 00:25:18.670
and<00:25:16.369><c> turn</c><00:25:16.549><c> 100</c><00:25:16.789><c>,000</c><00:25:17.089><c> RPM</c><00:25:17.329><c> in</c><00:25:17.450><c> the</c><00:25:17.589><c> other</c><00:25:17.769><c> direction.</c>

00:25:19.430 --> 00:25:22.970
Bacterial<00:25:20.029><c> flagellum</c><00:25:20.630><c> is</c><00:25:20.930><c> a</c><00:25:21.049><c> true</c><00:25:21.250><c> nanomachine,</c><00:25:22.450><c> about</c><00:25:22.650><c> 40</c>

00:25:22.970 --> 00:25:24.130
nanometers<00:25:23.450><c> in</c><00:25:23.789><c> size.</c>

00:25:24.130 --> 00:25:27.549
It's<00:25:24.630><c> amazing.</c><00:25:25.309><c> I</c><00:25:25.309><c> mean,</c><00:25:26.069><c> E.</c><00:25:26.349><c> coli,</c><00:25:27.069><c> salmonella,</c>

00:25:27.650 --> 00:25:30.930
which<00:25:27.730><c> are</c><00:25:27.890><c> kind</c><00:25:28.089><c> of</c><00:25:28.250><c> our</c><00:25:28.970><c> model</c><00:25:29.230><c> systems</c><00:25:29.630><c> for</c><00:25:29.849><c> the</c><00:25:30.029><c> bacterial</c><00:25:30.369><c> flagellum,</c>

00:25:31.089 --> 00:25:34.529
can<00:25:31.250><c> propel</c><00:25:31.569><c> a</c><00:25:31.769><c> cell</c><00:25:32.089><c> about</c><00:25:33.049><c> 20</c><00:25:33.529><c> lengths</c><00:25:33.829><c> per</c><00:25:34.170><c> second</c>

00:25:34.529 --> 00:25:38.089
through<00:25:35.069><c> a</c><00:25:35.250><c> very</c><00:25:35.490><c> viscous</c><00:25:35.869><c> medium</c><00:25:36.289><c> like</c><00:25:36.950><c> water</c><00:25:37.210><c> to</c><00:25:37.430><c> these</c><00:25:37.589><c> organisms.</c>

00:25:38.430 --> 00:25:41.829
And<00:25:38.809><c> you</c><00:25:39.069><c> extrapolate</c><00:25:39.630><c> that</c><00:25:39.809><c> to</c><00:25:40.069><c> human</c><00:25:41.009><c> scale.</c>

00:25:41.890 --> 00:25:46.529
20<00:25:42.210><c> body</c><00:25:42.549><c> lengths</c><00:25:42.789><c> per</c><00:25:43.069><c> second,</c><00:25:44.049><c> 6</c><00:25:44.369><c>-foot</c><00:25:44.809><c> person,</c><00:25:45.670><c> you</c><00:25:45.670><c> know,</c>

00:25:46.549 --> 00:25:50.130
times<00:25:46.849><c> 20,</c><00:25:47.849><c> 120</c><00:25:49.109><c> feet</c><00:25:49.470><c> per</c><00:25:49.750><c> second.</c>

00:25:50.130 --> 00:25:58.990
Mark<00:25:50.730><c> Spitz</c><00:25:51.230><c> or</c><00:25:52.390><c> Phelps</c><00:25:53.069><c> would</c><00:25:53.329><c> be</c><00:25:53.670><c> setting</c><00:25:54.470><c> records</c><00:25:55.849><c> with</c><00:25:57.049><c> this</c><00:25:57.329><c> type</c><00:25:57.609><c> of</c><00:25:58.089><c> propulsion.</c>

00:25:59.089 --> 00:26:04.069
It's<00:25:59.329><c> hardwired</c><00:25:59.769><c> into</c><00:26:00.049><c> a</c><00:26:01.630><c> signal</c><00:26:01.970><c> transduction</c><00:26:03.589><c> circuit</c>

00:26:04.069 --> 00:26:08.829
that<00:26:04.549><c> allows</c><00:26:04.809><c> the</c><00:26:05.049><c> bacterium</c><00:26:05.349><c> to</c><00:26:05.670><c> sense</c><00:26:06.069><c> changes</c><00:26:06.529><c> in</c><00:26:06.730><c> the</c><00:26:06.910><c> sugar</c><00:26:07.130><c> gradient</c><00:26:07.509><c> in</c>

00:26:08.829 --> 00:26:09.750
the<00:26:08.990><c> surrounding</c><00:26:09.309><c> liquid.</c>

00:26:10.130 --> 00:26:13.369
This<00:26:10.630><c> signal</c><00:26:10.970><c> transduction</c><00:26:11.529><c> system</c><00:26:11.829><c> is</c><00:26:12.150><c> actually</c><00:26:12.690><c> a</c><00:26:13.109><c> short</c>

00:26:13.369 --> 00:26:14.210
-term<00:26:13.509><c> memory</c><00:26:13.849><c> system</c>

00:26:14.210 --> 00:26:18.970
where<00:26:14.750><c> the</c><00:26:15.190><c> cell</c><00:26:15.390><c> is,</c><00:26:16.009><c> if</c><00:26:16.289><c> it's</c><00:26:16.509><c> going</c><00:26:16.710><c> in</c><00:26:16.890><c> the</c><00:26:17.130><c> direction</c><00:26:17.549><c> of</c>

00:26:18.970 --> 00:26:20.009
an<00:26:19.190><c> attractant,</c>

00:26:20.210 --> 00:26:23.710
a<00:26:20.430><c> nutrient</c><00:26:20.750><c> that</c><00:26:20.930><c> it</c><00:26:21.069><c> can</c><00:26:21.309><c> use</c><00:26:21.950><c> to</c><00:26:22.829><c> metabolize,</c>

00:26:24.230 --> 00:26:26.730
it<00:26:24.750><c> follows</c><00:26:25.170><c> that</c><00:26:25.430><c> chemical</c><00:26:25.769><c> gradient.</c>

00:26:27.029 --> 00:26:30.789
If<00:26:27.230><c> it's</c><00:26:27.890><c> a</c><00:26:28.009><c> repellent,</c><00:26:29.029><c> it</c><00:26:29.210><c> will</c><00:26:29.450><c> sense</c><00:26:29.670><c> that</c><00:26:29.990><c> and</c><00:26:30.150><c> move</c><00:26:30.329><c> in</c>

00:26:30.789 --> 00:26:32.349
the<00:26:31.049><c> opposite</c><00:26:31.349><c> direction.</c>

00:26:32.690 --> 00:26:34.609
So<00:26:33.170><c> it's</c><00:26:33.490><c> more</c><00:26:33.730><c> than</c><00:26:33.869><c> just</c><00:26:34.130><c> this</c><00:26:34.349><c> engine.</c>

00:26:35.069 --> 00:26:37.890
It's<00:26:35.509><c> an</c><00:26:35.750><c> extraordinary</c><00:26:36.470><c> piece</c><00:26:36.789><c> of</c><00:26:37.069><c> nanotechnology.</c>

00:26:37.990 --> 00:26:39.970
It's<00:26:38.109><c> high</c><00:26:38.430><c>-tech</c><00:26:38.769><c> in</c><00:26:39.269><c> low</c><00:26:39.549><c> life.</c>

00:26:39.970 --> 00:26:44.890
And<00:26:40.630><c> so</c><00:26:41.109><c> just</c><00:26:42.170><c> by</c><00:26:42.549><c> spotlighting</c><00:26:43.210><c> these</c><00:26:43.450><c> extraordinary</c><00:26:44.289><c> pieces</c><00:26:44.670><c> of</c>

00:26:44.890 --> 00:26:46.490
nanotechnology<00:26:45.609><c> inside</c><00:26:46.049><c> cells,</c>

00:26:46.910 --> 00:26:50.569
and<00:26:46.990><c> the</c><00:26:47.130><c> flagellar</c><00:26:47.569><c> motor</c><00:26:47.789><c> wasn't</c><00:26:47.990><c> the</c><00:26:48.170><c> only</c><00:26:48.349><c> one</c><00:26:49.250><c> by</c><00:26:49.450><c> any</c><00:26:49.670><c> means,</c>

00:26:50.849 --> 00:26:54.950
Beeke,<00:26:51.069><c> in</c><00:26:51.289><c> a</c><00:26:51.390><c> sense,</c><00:26:51.910><c> opened</c><00:26:52.029><c> up</c><00:26:52.930><c> a</c><00:26:53.529><c> window</c><00:26:53.990><c> for</c><00:26:54.670><c> people.</c>

00:26:55.109 --> 00:26:58.430
He<00:26:55.210><c> opened</c><00:26:55.349><c> up</c><00:26:55.670><c> the</c><00:26:55.849><c> black</c><00:26:56.109><c> box</c><00:26:56.490><c> of</c><00:26:57.410><c> the</c><00:26:57.730><c> inner</c><00:26:57.950><c> workings</c><00:26:58.269><c> of</c>

00:26:58.430 --> 00:26:59.289
the<00:26:58.630><c> cell</c><00:26:58.829><c> and</c><00:26:59.029><c> said,</c>

00:26:59.569 --> 00:27:05.509
look,<00:26:59.910><c> this</c><00:27:00.309><c> is</c><00:27:01.009><c> much</c><00:27:01.430><c> more</c><00:27:01.970><c> complex</c><00:27:03.170><c> than</c><00:27:03.529><c> anything</c><00:27:03.829><c> that</c>

00:27:05.509 --> 00:27:07.869
the<00:27:05.710><c> early</c><00:27:06.109><c> evolutionary</c><00:27:06.650><c> biologists</c><00:27:07.230><c> had</c><00:27:07.470><c> envisioned.</c>

00:27:07.869 --> 00:27:11.609
Darwin<00:27:08.549><c> knew</c><00:27:08.769><c> nothing</c><00:27:09.069><c> of</c><00:27:09.269><c> this</c><00:27:09.410><c> type</c><00:27:09.670><c> of</c><00:27:09.849><c> nanotechnology</c><00:27:10.589><c> in</c><00:27:10.869><c> cells.</c>

00:27:12.950 --> 00:27:17.210
So<00:27:13.750><c> you've</c><00:27:14.549><c> seen</c><00:27:14.650><c> the</c><00:27:14.849><c> flagellar</c><00:27:15.250><c> motor</c><00:27:15.450><c> before,</c><00:27:16.049><c> haven't</c><00:27:16.049><c> you?</c>

00:27:17.630 --> 00:27:24.349
When<00:27:18.369><c> I</c><00:27:18.609><c> was</c><00:27:19.670><c> in</c><00:27:19.829><c> university,</c><00:27:21.589><c> a</c><00:27:21.829><c> long</c><00:27:21.990><c> time</c><00:27:22.170><c> ago</c><00:27:22.390><c> now,</c>

00:27:26.650 --> 00:27:33.450
I<00:27:26.650><c> was</c><00:27:27.329><c> telling</c><00:27:27.789><c> some</c><00:27:28.789><c> brethren</c><00:27:29.609><c> in</c><00:27:30.269><c> the</c><00:27:30.490><c> lake</c><00:27:30.910><c> that</c><00:27:32.049><c> I</c><00:27:33.210><c> had</c>

00:27:33.450 --> 00:27:34.289
two<00:27:33.789><c> seals</c>

00:27:34.289 --> 00:27:38.269
and<00:27:35.210><c> I</c><00:27:35.390><c> kept</c><00:27:35.650><c> them</c><00:27:35.990><c> in</c><00:27:36.230><c> the</c><00:27:36.430><c> top</c><00:27:36.589><c> of</c><00:27:37.009><c> the</c><00:27:37.430><c> building.</c>

00:27:38.630 --> 00:27:41.309
And<00:27:39.089><c> I</c><00:27:39.250><c> used</c><00:27:39.410><c> to</c><00:27:39.650><c> study</c><00:27:39.849><c> these</c><00:27:40.150><c> two</c><00:27:40.450><c> seals.</c>

00:27:41.450 --> 00:27:42.950
And<00:27:41.569><c> then</c><00:27:41.829><c> we</c><00:27:42.109><c> cut</c><00:27:42.210><c> their</c><00:27:42.470><c> kidneys</c><00:27:42.710><c> out.</c>

00:27:43.170 --> 00:27:44.509
We<00:27:43.269><c> put</c><00:27:43.430><c> them</c><00:27:43.650><c> to</c><00:27:43.890><c> sleep</c><00:27:44.150><c> dead.</c>

00:27:44.829 --> 00:27:46.069
And<00:27:45.069><c> we</c><00:27:45.230><c> cut</c><00:27:45.329><c> their</c><00:27:45.589><c> kidneys</c><00:27:45.829><c> out.</c>

00:27:46.130 --> 00:27:49.269
And<00:27:46.269><c> I</c><00:27:46.390><c> looked</c><00:27:46.549><c> at</c><00:27:46.730><c> their</c><00:27:46.970><c> kidneys</c><00:27:47.349><c> under</c><00:27:47.630><c> the</c><00:27:47.950><c> electron</c><00:27:48.150><c> microscope.</c>

00:27:49.710 --> 00:27:53.089
And<00:27:50.190><c> we</c><00:27:50.569><c> tried</c><00:27:50.769><c> to</c><00:27:51.009><c> look</c><00:27:51.150><c> at</c><00:27:51.349><c> the</c><00:27:51.589><c> cells</c><00:27:51.849><c> under</c><00:27:52.170><c> electron</c><00:27:52.509><c> microscope.</c>

00:27:53.210 --> 00:27:56.710
And<00:27:53.329><c> you've</c><00:27:53.589><c> got</c><00:27:53.710><c> this</c><00:27:53.950><c> great</c><00:27:54.190><c> big</c><00:27:54.470><c> electron</c><00:27:54.690><c> microscope</c><00:27:55.029><c> shooting,</c><00:27:55.730><c> you</c><00:27:55.730><c> know,</c>

00:27:56.710 --> 00:28:00.730
the<00:27:57.130><c> electron</c><00:27:57.130><c> waves</c><00:27:58.829><c> down</c><00:27:59.349><c> onto</c><00:27:59.690><c> my</c><00:27:59.950><c> little</c><00:28:00.210><c> sample.</c>

00:28:01.170 --> 00:28:04.990
And<00:28:01.329><c> usually</c><00:28:01.569><c> the</c><00:28:01.849><c> sample</c><00:28:02.029><c> was</c><00:28:02.329><c> blown</c><00:28:02.650><c> apart</c><00:28:03.250><c> by</c><00:28:04.470><c> the</c><00:28:04.750><c> power</c>

00:28:04.990 --> 00:28:06.190
of<00:28:05.210><c> the</c><00:28:05.329><c> machine.</c>

00:28:06.470 --> 00:28:09.869
And<00:28:06.690><c> at</c><00:28:06.849><c> that</c><00:28:07.109><c> time,</c><00:28:08.049><c> the</c><00:28:08.349><c> cell</c><00:28:08.569><c> was</c><00:28:08.930><c> sort</c><00:28:09.130><c> of</c><00:28:09.450><c> like</c><00:28:09.450><c> a</c><00:28:09.609><c> black,</c>

00:28:09.970 --> 00:28:15.670
like<00:28:10.390><c> a</c><00:28:10.509><c> plastic</c><00:28:10.910><c> bag</c><00:28:11.430><c> that</c><00:28:12.710><c> contained</c><00:28:13.890><c> salty</c><00:28:14.529><c> liquid.</c>

00:28:15.769 --> 00:28:18.569
And<00:28:16.069><c> there</c><00:28:16.210><c> were</c><00:28:16.309><c> things</c><00:28:16.690><c> floating</c><00:28:17.109><c> around</c><00:28:17.589><c> in</c><00:28:17.730><c> it.</c>

00:28:18.750 --> 00:28:19.690
That's<00:28:19.170><c> what</c><00:28:19.269><c> was</c><00:28:19.529><c> known.</c>

00:28:19.869 --> 00:28:22.410
The<00:28:20.069><c> cell</c><00:28:20.509><c> contained</c><00:28:21.190><c> certain</c><00:28:21.750><c> things.</c>

00:28:22.410 --> 00:28:27.150
But<00:28:22.809><c> it</c><00:28:22.910><c> was</c><00:28:23.289><c> thought</c><00:28:23.569><c> that</c><00:28:23.869><c> they</c><00:28:24.410><c> moved</c><00:28:24.730><c> around</c><00:28:25.190><c> by</c><00:28:26.369><c> osmosis.</c>

00:28:27.190 --> 00:28:30.190
They<00:28:27.329><c> floated</c><00:28:27.829><c> around</c><00:28:28.609><c> brownian</c><00:28:29.690><c> motion.</c>

00:28:30.210 --> 00:28:32.069
They<00:28:30.390><c> sort</c><00:28:30.569><c> of</c><00:28:30.630><c> bumped</c><00:28:30.750><c> into</c><00:28:31.049><c> each</c><00:28:31.309><c> other</c><00:28:31.509><c> and</c><00:28:31.670><c> knocked</c><00:28:31.809><c> each</c>

00:28:32.069 --> 00:28:32.329
other<00:28:32.250><c> around,</c>

00:28:32.369 --> 00:28:36.109
like<00:28:32.509><c> the</c><00:28:32.769><c> Dodgans,</c><00:28:33.289><c> you</c><00:28:33.369><c> know,</c><00:28:33.549><c> that</c><00:28:33.769><c> they</c><00:28:34.829><c> just</c><00:28:35.289><c> moved</c><00:28:35.529><c> around</c><00:28:35.910><c> in</c>

00:28:36.109 --> 00:28:36.490
this<00:28:36.329><c> bag.</c>

00:28:36.849 --> 00:28:39.509
Now,<00:28:37.069><c> as</c><00:28:37.369><c> the</c><00:28:37.710><c> power</c><00:28:37.970><c> of</c><00:28:38.150><c> the</c><00:28:38.410><c> microscope</c><00:28:38.829><c> has</c><00:28:39.029><c> got</c><00:28:39.210><c> greater</c>

00:28:39.509 --> 00:28:40.970
and<00:28:39.750><c> greater,</c>

00:28:41.009 --> 00:28:47.349
scientists<00:28:41.289><c> have</c><00:28:41.430><c> said</c><00:28:41.549><c> that</c><00:28:41.750><c> that</c><00:28:42.190><c> plastic</c><00:28:42.730><c> bag</c><00:28:43.230><c> is</c><00:28:43.549><c> actually</c><00:28:44.109><c> a</c><00:28:45.369><c> lipid</c><00:28:46.390><c> bilayer</c>

00:28:47.349 --> 00:28:50.589
that<00:28:47.990><c> isn't</c><00:28:48.329><c> just</c><00:28:48.809><c> like</c><00:28:49.190><c> plastic,</c><00:28:49.630><c> you</c><00:28:49.809><c> know,</c><00:28:49.910><c> it's</c><00:28:50.269><c> smooth</c>

00:28:50.589 --> 00:28:51.250
and<00:28:50.849><c> even.</c>

00:28:51.250 --> 00:28:55.750
It's<00:28:52.049><c> got</c><00:28:52.470><c> absolutely</c><00:28:53.369><c> incredible</c><00:28:54.430><c> architecture.</c>

00:28:56.250 --> 00:29:00.250
And<00:28:56.490><c> in</c><00:28:56.690><c> the</c><00:28:56.890><c> earliest</c><00:28:57.289><c> form</c><00:28:57.670><c> of</c><00:28:57.990><c> life,</c><00:28:58.329><c> the</c><00:28:58.569><c> bacterial</c><00:28:59.049><c> cell,</c>

00:29:00.390 --> 00:29:05.569
it's<00:29:00.569><c> got</c><00:29:00.670><c> an</c><00:29:00.829><c> outboard</c><00:29:01.269><c> motor</c><00:29:01.990><c> sticking</c><00:29:02.609><c> out</c><00:29:03.190><c> of</c><00:29:03.950><c> that</c><00:29:04.589><c> membrane,</c>

00:29:06.069 --> 00:29:08.569
a<00:29:06.369><c> real</c><00:29:06.750><c> electric</c><00:29:07.470><c> motor,</c>

00:29:09.529 --> 00:29:13.809
which<00:29:09.769><c> is</c><00:29:10.009><c> more</c><00:29:10.269><c> efficient</c><00:29:10.750><c> than</c><00:29:11.089><c> any</c><00:29:11.430><c> motor</c><00:29:11.849><c> anybody's</c><00:29:12.569><c> ever</c><00:29:12.710><c> made.</c>

00:29:16.309 --> 00:29:22.069
It<00:29:17.069><c> can</c><00:29:17.430><c> switch</c><00:29:17.930><c> in</c><00:29:18.609><c> a</c><00:29:18.950><c> second</c><00:29:19.509><c> from</c><00:29:20.730><c> full</c><00:29:21.089><c> power</c><00:29:21.329><c> in</c><00:29:21.490><c> one</c><00:29:21.670><c> direction</c>

00:29:22.069 --> 00:29:23.710
to<00:29:22.289><c> full</c><00:29:22.529><c> power</c><00:29:22.750><c> in</c><00:29:22.910><c> the</c><00:29:23.009><c> other</c><00:29:23.210><c> direction,</c>

00:29:23.730 --> 00:29:26.490
and<00:29:24.009><c> it's</c><00:29:24.289><c> almost</c><00:29:24.529><c> 100</c><00:29:24.970><c>%</c><00:29:25.390><c> efficient.</c>

00:29:27.410 --> 00:29:32.269
And<00:29:27.650><c> engineers</c><00:29:28.029><c> can</c><00:29:28.990><c> draw</c><00:29:29.309><c> the</c><00:29:29.690><c> parts</c><00:29:30.089><c> and</c><00:29:30.690><c> label</c><00:29:31.029><c> them</c>

00:29:33.069 --> 00:29:36.750
because<00:29:33.829><c> it's</c><00:29:34.529><c> recognizably</c><00:29:35.089><c> an</c><00:29:35.369><c> electric</c><00:29:35.730><c> motor.</c>

00:29:37.549 --> 00:29:41.650
So<00:29:37.750><c> that</c><00:29:38.009><c> black</c><00:29:38.650><c> plastic</c><00:29:39.170><c> bag</c><00:29:39.769><c> containing</c><00:29:40.490><c> fluid</c><00:29:41.009><c> we</c><00:29:41.309><c> can't</c>

00:29:41.650 --> 00:29:42.930
see<00:29:41.930><c> inside</c><00:29:42.430><c> of,</c>

00:29:42.930 --> 00:29:48.309
turns<00:29:43.710><c> out</c><00:29:44.009><c> to</c><00:29:44.269><c> be</c><00:29:45.230><c> extraordinarily</c><00:29:46.269><c> complex</c><00:29:47.150><c> design.</c>

00:29:48.829 --> 00:29:51.990
And<00:29:49.049><c> that's</c><00:29:49.309><c> the</c><00:29:49.509><c> earliest</c><00:29:49.849><c> form</c><00:29:50.309><c> of</c><00:29:50.609><c> life</c><00:29:50.890><c> known.</c>

00:29:53.170 --> 00:29:55.730
And<00:29:53.349><c> that's</c><00:29:53.730><c> supposed</c><00:29:53.849><c> to</c><00:29:53.990><c> have</c><00:29:54.190><c> happened</c><00:29:54.329><c> by</c><00:29:54.670><c> chance.</c>

00:29:56.829 --> 00:29:59.250
You<00:29:56.930><c> know,</c><00:29:57.089><c> you</c><00:29:57.089><c> say,</c><00:29:57.309><c> if</c><00:29:57.509><c> you</c><00:29:57.710><c> leave</c><00:29:57.869><c> bits</c><00:29:58.170><c> around</c><00:29:58.450><c> long</c><00:29:58.970><c> enough,</c>

00:29:59.390 --> 00:30:01.609
a<00:29:59.549><c> hurricane</c><00:29:59.849><c> will</c><00:30:00.109><c> come</c><00:30:00.349><c> through</c><00:30:00.609><c> and</c><00:30:01.029><c> blow</c><00:30:01.170><c> them</c><00:30:01.369><c> together.</c>

00:30:01.630 --> 00:30:04.289
That's<00:30:01.950><c> the</c><00:30:02.109><c> argument</c><00:30:02.410><c> that</c><00:30:02.690><c> one</c><00:30:02.890><c> day</c><00:30:03.029><c> you</c><00:30:03.190><c> get</c><00:30:03.329><c> a</c><00:30:03.609><c> jumbo</c><00:30:03.990><c> jet</c>

00:30:04.289 --> 00:30:07.789
if<00:30:04.789><c> a</c><00:30:05.049><c> hurricane</c><00:30:05.410><c> blew</c><00:30:05.670><c> long</c><00:30:06.029><c> enough</c><00:30:06.289><c> through</c><00:30:06.509><c> a</c><00:30:06.730><c> scrap</c><00:30:06.990><c> yard.</c>

00:30:09.549 --> 00:30:12.029
You<00:30:09.750><c> know,</c><00:30:09.869><c> it's</c><00:30:10.170><c> a</c><00:30:10.329><c> ridiculous</c><00:30:10.769><c> and</c><00:30:11.009><c> absurd</c><00:30:11.490><c> idea.</c>

00:30:12.029 --> 00:30:17.349
Now,<00:30:12.609><c> the</c><00:30:12.730><c> next</c><00:30:13.170><c> example</c><00:30:13.809><c> is</c><00:30:14.769><c> what</c><00:30:15.269><c> is</c><00:30:15.470><c> now</c><00:30:15.950><c> scientists</c><00:30:16.970><c> able</c>

00:30:17.349 --> 00:30:18.230
to<00:30:17.569><c> do</c>

00:30:20.369 --> 00:30:23.009
by<00:30:21.250><c> computerized</c><00:30:22.130><c> modeling,</c>

00:30:23.450 --> 00:30:28.130
showing<00:30:23.650><c> us</c><00:30:24.390><c> something</c><00:30:24.970><c> of</c><00:30:25.430><c> the</c><00:30:25.990><c> nanomachines</c><00:30:27.109><c> there</c><00:30:27.490><c> are</c>

00:30:28.130 --> 00:30:29.410
inside<00:30:28.910><c> the</c><00:30:29.250><c> cell.</c>

00:30:29.589 --> 00:30:31.549
The<00:30:29.750><c> flagella</c><00:30:30.109><c> motor</c><00:30:30.549><c> is</c><00:30:31.029><c> an</c><00:30:31.210><c> easy</c><00:30:31.410><c> one.</c>

00:30:31.549 --> 00:30:36.049
The<00:30:31.730><c> next</c><00:30:32.009><c> one</c><00:30:33.190><c> has</c><00:30:33.710><c> to</c><00:30:33.930><c> do</c><00:30:34.089><c> with</c><00:30:34.390><c> the</c><00:30:34.930><c> energy</c><00:30:35.309><c> production,</c>

00:30:36.470 --> 00:30:39.609
the<00:30:36.849><c> power</c><00:30:37.230><c> plant</c><00:30:37.710><c> inside</c><00:30:38.569><c> the</c><00:30:38.890><c> cell.</c>

00:30:43.109 --> 00:30:45.829
Let's<00:30:43.990><c> get</c><00:30:44.230><c> a</c><00:30:44.349><c> closer</c><00:30:44.789><c> look</c><00:30:44.890><c> inside.</c>

00:31:07.230 --> 00:31:12.309
So,<00:31:08.069><c> just</c><00:31:08.410><c> to</c><00:31:08.609><c> get</c><00:31:08.730><c> the</c><00:31:08.970><c> idea</c><00:31:09.250><c> that</c><00:31:09.450><c> inside</c><00:31:09.990><c> the</c><00:31:10.289><c> cell</c><00:31:10.609><c> is</c><00:31:11.329><c> architecture</c>

00:31:12.309 --> 00:31:15.750
of<00:31:12.710><c> a</c><00:31:12.970><c> highly</c><00:31:13.750><c> organized</c><00:31:14.650><c> level.</c>

00:31:16.650 --> 00:31:21.089
It's<00:31:17.410><c> going</c><00:31:17.650><c> towards</c><00:31:17.910><c> the</c><00:31:18.150><c> mitochondria,</c><00:31:20.250><c> those</c><00:31:20.250><c> sausage</c>

00:31:21.089 --> 00:31:22.549
-shaped<00:31:21.349><c> things.</c>

00:31:24.430 --> 00:31:27.910
And<00:31:24.630><c> that's</c><00:31:24.849><c> where</c><00:31:25.069><c> the</c><00:31:25.269><c> energy</c><00:31:25.490><c> is</c><00:31:25.769><c> produced</c><00:31:26.210><c> for</c><00:31:26.609><c> every</c><00:31:26.970><c> cell.</c>

00:31:33.970 --> 00:31:38.029
It's<00:31:34.569><c> been</c><00:31:34.890><c> called</c><00:31:35.190><c> one</c><00:31:35.450><c> of</c><00:31:35.569><c> the</c><00:31:35.750><c> wonders</c><00:31:36.150><c> of</c><00:31:36.349><c> the</c><00:31:36.549><c> molecular</c><00:31:36.970><c> world,</c>

00:31:38.170 --> 00:31:40.869
an<00:31:38.390><c> amazing</c><00:31:38.990><c> nanoscale</c><00:31:39.730><c> machine.</c>

00:31:41.490 --> 00:31:45.670
ATP<00:31:42.150><c> synthase</c><00:31:42.809><c> is</c><00:31:42.970><c> a</c><00:31:43.170><c> high</c><00:31:43.450><c>-tech</c><00:31:43.809><c> micromolecular</c><00:31:44.730><c> power</c><00:31:45.190><c> generator</c>

00:31:45.670 --> 00:31:48.130
inside<00:31:46.170><c> the</c><00:31:46.470><c> cells</c><00:31:46.670><c> of</c><00:31:46.869><c> your</c><00:31:47.009><c> body.</c>

00:31:48.849 --> 00:31:52.730
It<00:31:48.869><c> generates</c><00:31:49.450><c> adenosine</c><00:31:50.230><c> triphosphate,</c><00:31:51.450><c> or</c><00:31:51.569><c> ATP,</c>

00:31:52.910 --> 00:31:54.990
an<00:31:53.109><c> energy</c><00:31:53.430><c> molecule</c><00:31:53.910><c> that</c><00:31:54.190><c> provides</c><00:31:54.569><c> fuel</c>

00:31:54.990 --> 00:31:58.089
that<00:31:55.269><c> every</c><00:31:55.609><c> one</c><00:31:55.750><c> of</c><00:31:55.869><c> your</c><00:31:56.130><c> cells</c><00:31:56.430><c> needs</c><00:31:56.829><c> to</c><00:31:57.109><c> function.</c>

00:31:58.809 --> 00:32:01.829
Without<00:31:59.069><c> this</c><00:31:59.390><c> fuel,</c><00:32:00.029><c> your</c><00:32:00.210><c> cells</c><00:32:00.430><c> will</c><00:32:00.730><c> cease</c><00:32:01.049><c> operation,</c>

00:32:01.829 --> 00:32:04.049
and<00:32:02.569><c> so</c><00:32:02.869><c> will</c><00:32:03.109><c> you.</c>

00:32:04.829 --> 00:32:07.470
ATP<00:32:05.329><c> synthase</c><00:32:05.910><c> works</c><00:32:06.210><c> like</c><00:32:06.470><c> a</c><00:32:06.609><c> rotary</c><00:32:07.009><c> engine.</c>

00:32:07.470 --> 00:32:11.509
The<00:32:08.329><c> barrel</c><00:32:08.690><c>-shaped</c><00:32:09.009><c> rotator</c><00:32:09.650><c> is</c><00:32:09.890><c> composed</c><00:32:10.289><c> of</c><00:32:10.509><c> 10</c><00:32:10.829><c> to</c><00:32:11.009><c> 15</c>

00:32:11.509 --> 00:32:14.069
protein<00:32:11.950><c> parts</c><00:32:12.369><c> called</c><00:32:12.750><c> subunits.</c>

00:32:14.529 --> 00:32:17.589
The<00:32:14.809><c> rotator</c><00:32:15.190><c> spins</c><00:32:15.509><c> around,</c><00:32:16.289><c> transmitting</c><00:32:16.609><c> mechanical</c><00:32:17.130><c> energy</c>

00:32:17.589 --> 00:32:21.630
into<00:32:17.809><c> the</c><00:32:18.069><c> driveshaft</c><00:32:18.549><c> of</c><00:32:18.730><c> the</c><00:32:18.930><c> machine,</c><00:32:19.490><c> which</c><00:32:19.630><c> helps</c><00:32:19.910><c> make</c><00:32:20.390><c> ATP.</c>

00:32:24.089 --> 00:32:26.390
This<00:32:24.390><c> driveshaft</c><00:32:24.970><c> has</c><00:32:25.150><c> a</c><00:32:25.390><c> specially</c><00:32:25.630><c> placed</c><00:32:26.009><c> bump</c>

00:32:26.390 --> 00:32:30.430
that<00:32:26.710><c> opens</c><00:32:27.029><c> and</c><00:32:27.250><c> closes</c><00:32:27.670><c> parts</c><00:32:28.150><c> as</c><00:32:28.369><c> the</c><00:32:28.630><c> driveshaft</c><00:32:29.130><c> spins</c><00:32:29.450><c> around.</c>

00:32:30.690 --> 00:32:34.069
This<00:32:30.990><c> bump</c><00:32:31.309><c> opens</c><00:32:31.769><c> special</c><00:32:32.230><c> protein</c><00:32:32.730><c> subunits</c><00:32:33.349><c> on</c><00:32:33.509><c> the</c><00:32:33.609><c> bottom</c><00:32:33.890><c> of</c>

00:32:34.069 --> 00:32:35.049
the<00:32:34.289><c> machine.</c>

00:32:45.250 --> 00:32:47.829
When<00:32:45.849><c> the</c><00:32:46.109><c> bottom</c><00:32:46.369><c> subunits</c><00:32:46.930><c> open,</c><00:32:47.769><c> a</c><00:32:47.829><c> spe...</c>

00:32:47.829 --> 00:32:52.450
When<00:32:47.829><c> I</c><00:32:48.029><c> was</c><00:32:48.490><c> learning</c><00:32:49.170><c> about</c><00:32:50.309><c> biochemistry,</c><00:32:51.990><c> none</c><00:32:52.130><c> of</c><00:32:52.210><c> that</c>

00:32:52.450 --> 00:32:53.529
was<00:32:52.710><c> known.</c>

00:32:54.009 --> 00:32:57.970
It<00:32:54.170><c> was</c><00:32:54.369><c> just</c><00:32:54.670><c> thought</c><00:32:54.829><c> there</c><00:32:54.970><c> were</c><00:32:55.250><c> chemical</c><00:32:55.710><c> reactions</c><00:32:56.450><c> that</c><00:32:56.829><c> went</c><00:32:57.049><c> on.</c>

00:32:58.029 --> 00:33:00.609
The<00:32:58.170><c> body</c><00:32:58.569><c> produces</c><00:32:59.410><c> ATP.</c>

00:33:00.990 --> 00:33:04.829
The<00:33:01.250><c> ATP</c><00:33:01.509><c> travels</c><00:33:02.130><c> and</c><00:33:02.289><c> gives</c><00:33:02.589><c> energy</c><00:33:03.150><c> to</c><00:33:03.430><c> make</c><00:33:03.630><c> other</c><00:33:03.930><c> things.</c>

00:33:05.190 --> 00:33:07.130
The<00:33:05.450><c> idea</c><00:33:05.750><c> that</c><00:33:05.910><c> there's</c><00:33:06.150><c> a</c><00:33:06.390><c> power</c><00:33:06.710><c> plant</c>

00:33:07.130 --> 00:33:07.450
is<00:33:07.450><c> that</c><00:33:07.450><c> the</c><00:33:07.450><c> body</c><00:33:07.450><c> produces</c><00:33:07.450><c> ATP.</c>

00:33:07.450 --> 00:33:13.609
Designed<00:33:08.650><c> by</c><00:33:09.170><c> highly</c><00:33:09.609><c> skilled</c><00:33:09.910><c> engineering</c><00:33:10.730><c> of</c><00:33:11.890><c> an</c><00:33:12.170><c> exquisite</c><00:33:12.630><c> nature.</c>

00:33:14.069 --> 00:33:17.930
That's<00:33:14.430><c> come</c><00:33:14.630><c> together</c><00:33:15.349><c> by</c><00:33:15.690><c> chance,</c><00:33:16.829><c> out</c><00:33:16.930><c> of</c><00:33:17.150><c> nothing.</c>

00:33:19.470 --> 00:33:22.029
I<00:33:19.589><c> mean,</c><00:33:19.690><c> that's</c><00:33:19.990><c> an</c><00:33:20.109><c> absurd</c><00:33:20.849><c> idea.</c>

00:33:23.089 --> 00:33:26.769
But<00:33:23.269><c> I</c><00:33:23.490><c> suppose</c><00:33:23.569><c> my</c><00:33:23.809><c> favorite</c><00:33:24.210><c> one</c><00:33:24.450><c> is</c><00:33:24.609><c> this</c><00:33:24.849><c> middle</c><00:33:25.549><c> protein.</c>

00:33:29.549 --> 00:33:30.950
I'll<00:33:29.670><c> let</c><00:33:29.730><c> you</c><00:33:29.910><c> truck</c><00:33:30.109><c> drivers</c><00:33:30.470><c> here.</c>

00:33:31.410 --> 00:33:32.750
You'll<00:33:32.029><c> enjoy</c><00:33:32.309><c> this</c><00:33:32.589><c> one.</c>

00:33:32.750 --> 00:33:37.789
Because<00:33:33.029><c> this</c><00:33:33.430><c> protein</c><00:33:34.089><c> is</c><00:33:35.410><c> the</c><00:33:35.910><c> front</c><00:33:36.309><c> end</c><00:33:36.930><c> of</c><00:33:37.329><c> the</c><00:33:37.549><c> truck.</c>

00:33:37.910 --> 00:33:39.190
What<00:33:38.069><c> do</c><00:33:38.230><c> you</c><00:33:38.230><c> call</c><00:33:38.390><c> that?</c>

00:33:39.750 --> 00:33:41.970
It's<00:33:40.369><c> going</c><00:33:40.490><c> to</c><00:33:40.730><c> pull</c><00:33:40.990><c> a</c><00:33:41.190><c> load.</c>

00:33:43.109 --> 00:33:46.470
In<00:33:43.289><c> the</c><00:33:43.410><c> old</c><00:33:43.549><c> days,</c><00:33:44.049><c> people</c><00:33:44.470><c> thought</c><00:33:44.910><c> that</c><00:33:45.490><c> these</c><00:33:45.950><c> molecules</c>

00:33:46.470 --> 00:33:47.509
inside<00:33:46.910><c> a</c><00:33:47.210><c> cell</c>

00:33:47.509 --> 00:33:50.269
floated<00:33:48.309><c> here</c><00:33:48.710><c> and</c><00:33:48.970><c> floated</c><00:33:49.289><c> there.</c>

00:33:50.349 --> 00:33:53.509
By<00:33:50.809><c> chance,</c><00:33:51.230><c> they</c><00:33:51.369><c> got</c><00:33:51.569><c> to</c><00:33:51.730><c> the</c><00:33:51.869><c> right</c><00:33:52.089><c> place</c><00:33:52.410><c> and</c><00:33:52.569><c> they</c><00:33:52.849><c> attached</c><00:33:53.210><c> in</c>

00:33:53.509 --> 00:33:54.190
some<00:33:53.789><c> way.</c>

00:33:54.690 --> 00:33:56.009
It's<00:33:54.910><c> not</c><00:33:55.130><c> so.</c>

00:33:57.190 --> 00:34:02.130
What<00:33:57.369><c> happens</c><00:33:57.789><c> is</c><00:33:58.309><c> that</c><00:34:00.089><c> proteins</c><00:34:00.529><c> which</c><00:34:00.829><c> are</c><00:34:00.970><c> produced</c><00:34:01.509><c> in</c>

00:34:02.130 --> 00:34:02.569
the<00:34:02.369><c> cell</c>

00:34:02.569 --> 00:34:05.450
for<00:34:02.829><c> certain</c><00:34:03.089><c> functions</c><00:34:03.549><c> have</c><00:34:03.789><c> to</c><00:34:03.970><c> be</c><00:34:04.230><c> transported.</c>

00:34:06.069 --> 00:34:07.569
You've<00:34:06.390><c> got</c><00:34:06.410><c> to</c><00:34:06.509><c> have</c><00:34:06.650><c> roads.</c>

00:34:07.589 --> 00:34:09.449
So<00:34:07.789><c> roads</c><00:34:08.030><c> are</c><00:34:08.250><c> laid</c><00:34:08.530><c> down.</c>

00:34:09.710 --> 00:34:10.650
You<00:34:09.949><c> have</c><00:34:10.130><c> to</c><00:34:10.210><c> have</c><00:34:10.349><c> trucks.</c>

00:34:10.750 --> 00:34:12.510
Trucks<00:34:11.090><c> are</c><00:34:11.369><c> manufactured.</c>

00:34:12.530 --> 00:34:13.610
They<00:34:12.789><c> pull</c><00:34:13.090><c> the</c><00:34:13.309><c> load.</c>

00:34:13.889 --> 00:34:17.369
As<00:34:14.130><c> they</c><00:34:14.369><c> pull</c><00:34:14.590><c> the</c><00:34:14.809><c> load,</c><00:34:15.570><c> the</c><00:34:15.750><c> motorway</c><00:34:16.289><c> is</c><00:34:16.550><c> picked</c><00:34:16.829><c> up</c><00:34:17.110><c> from</c>

00:34:17.369 --> 00:34:18.130
behind<00:34:17.809><c> them</c>

00:34:18.130 --> 00:34:20.289
and<00:34:18.650><c> reused</c><00:34:18.969><c> in</c><00:34:19.250><c> front</c><00:34:19.409><c> of</c><00:34:19.590><c> them.</c>

00:34:20.349 --> 00:34:23.769
It's<00:34:20.869><c> an</c><00:34:21.130><c> absolutely</c><00:34:21.989><c> extraordinary</c><00:34:22.889><c> thing.</c>

00:34:25.309 --> 00:34:26.750
This<00:34:25.530><c> is</c><00:34:25.769><c> a</c><00:34:25.949><c> cartoon</c><00:34:26.329><c> version.</c>

00:34:26.769 --> 00:34:28.809
I<00:34:26.969><c> like</c><00:34:27.130><c> it,</c><00:34:27.369><c> so</c><00:34:27.469><c> I'll</c><00:34:27.750><c> show</c><00:34:27.949><c> it</c><00:34:28.110><c> to</c><00:34:28.210><c> you.</c>

00:34:35.909 --> 00:34:41.949
Our<00:34:36.590><c> brain</c><00:34:37.010><c> is</c><00:34:37.550><c> made</c><00:34:38.030><c> of</c><00:34:38.309><c> billions</c><00:34:38.809><c> of</c><00:34:39.269><c> nerve</c><00:34:39.489><c> cells,</c><00:34:40.309><c> and</c><00:34:40.409><c> they're</c><00:34:40.650><c> all</c><00:34:40.949><c> connected.</c>

00:34:41.989 --> 00:34:46.989
If<00:34:42.190><c> we</c><00:34:42.510><c> take</c><00:34:42.849><c> a</c><00:34:43.170><c> closer</c><00:34:43.429><c> look,</c><00:34:44.170><c> a</c><00:34:44.369><c> nerve</c><00:34:44.590><c> cell</c><00:34:44.869><c> seems</c><00:34:45.230><c> to</c><00:34:45.489><c> have</c><00:34:45.730><c> antennas.</c>

00:34:47.389 --> 00:34:52.650
Most<00:34:47.710><c> of</c><00:34:47.869><c> them</c><00:34:48.170><c> are</c><00:34:48.550><c> receivers</c><00:34:48.969><c> of</c><00:34:49.269><c> information,</c><00:34:50.190><c> but</c><00:34:50.449><c> only</c><00:34:50.869><c> one</c><00:34:51.190><c> is</c><00:34:51.530><c> a</c><00:34:51.670><c> transmitter,</c>

00:34:52.730 --> 00:34:54.110
called<00:34:52.909><c> the</c><00:34:53.250><c> axon.</c>

00:34:54.429 --> 00:34:58.389
This<00:34:54.829><c> axon</c><00:34:55.170><c> is</c><00:34:55.469><c> connected</c><00:34:55.889><c> to</c><00:34:56.349><c> several</c><00:34:56.750><c> receivers</c><00:34:57.349><c> of</c><00:34:57.690><c> other</c><00:34:57.949><c> cells,</c>

00:34:58.530 --> 00:35:02.670
forming<00:34:58.949><c> a</c><00:34:59.489><c> gigantic</c><00:35:00.190><c> neural</c><00:35:00.809><c> network,</c><00:35:01.530><c> the</c><00:35:01.750><c> brain.</c>

00:35:03.570 --> 00:35:05.269
Meet<00:35:04.210><c> John.</c>

00:35:06.050 --> 00:35:09.090
John<00:35:06.489><c> is</c><00:35:06.909><c> a</c><00:35:07.130><c> kinesin,</c><00:35:08.090><c> a</c><00:35:08.309><c> motor</c><00:35:08.650><c> protein.</c>

00:35:09.369 --> 00:35:13.469
He<00:35:09.389><c> lives</c><00:35:09.690><c> inside</c><00:35:10.250><c> a</c><00:35:10.489><c> nerve</c><00:35:10.710><c> cell,</c><00:35:11.170><c> and</c><00:35:11.289><c> he</c><00:35:11.530><c> has</c><00:35:11.889><c> a</c><00:35:12.190><c> proper</c><00:35:12.469><c> job.</c>

00:35:14.230 --> 00:35:17.690
To<00:35:14.429><c> ensure</c><00:35:14.949><c> that</c><00:35:15.210><c> a</c><00:35:15.409><c> brain</c><00:35:15.650><c> cell</c><00:35:15.909><c> does</c><00:35:16.190><c> its</c><00:35:16.429><c> job</c><00:35:16.650><c> properly,</c>

00:35:17.969 --> 00:35:21.730
it<00:35:18.010><c> needs</c><00:35:18.309><c> the</c><00:35:18.710><c> continuous</c><00:35:19.130><c> flow</c><00:35:19.510><c> of</c><00:35:19.849><c> building</c><00:35:20.190><c> materials,</c><00:35:21.210><c> proteins.</c>

00:35:22.170 --> 00:35:26.329
They<00:35:22.550><c> travel</c><00:35:22.949><c> through</c><00:35:23.349><c> the</c><00:35:23.650><c> cell</c><00:35:23.989><c> using</c><00:35:24.530><c> the</c><00:35:24.889><c> cytoskeleton.</c>

00:35:26.349 --> 00:35:29.090
If<00:35:26.570><c> you</c><00:35:26.809><c> would</c><00:35:27.130><c> compare</c><00:35:27.610><c> a</c><00:35:27.889><c> nerve</c><00:35:28.110><c> cell</c><00:35:28.369><c> with</c><00:35:28.610><c> a</c><00:35:28.829><c> city,</c>

00:35:29.090 --> 00:35:33.369
the<00:35:29.449><c> cytoskeleton</c><00:35:30.469><c> inside</c><00:35:31.050><c> the</c><00:35:31.349><c> cell</c><00:35:31.630><c> would</c><00:35:32.070><c> be</c><00:35:32.289><c> the</c><00:35:32.510><c> roads,</c>

00:35:33.429 --> 00:35:35.869
and<00:35:33.449><c> the</c><00:35:33.769><c> traveling</c><00:35:34.150><c> proteins</c><00:35:34.730><c> would</c><00:35:35.010><c> be</c><00:35:35.210><c> the</c><00:35:35.469><c> traffic.</c>

00:35:36.110 --> 00:35:40.150
These<00:35:36.429><c> materials</c><00:35:37.190><c> are</c><00:35:37.610><c> towed</c><00:35:37.949><c> by</c><00:35:38.349><c> motors</c><00:35:38.969><c> along</c><00:35:39.489><c> the</c><00:35:39.789><c> roads.</c>

00:35:40.409 --> 00:35:43.210
And<00:35:40.530><c> just</c><00:35:40.809><c> as</c><00:35:41.030><c> in</c><00:35:41.250><c> real</c><00:35:41.489><c> life,</c><00:35:42.150><c> there</c><00:35:42.210><c> are</c><00:35:42.469><c> different</c><00:35:42.809><c> kinds</c>

00:35:43.210 --> 00:35:43.829
of<00:35:43.469><c> motors</c>

00:35:43.829 --> 00:35:46.550
and<00:35:44.429><c> different</c><00:35:44.829><c> kinds</c><00:35:45.289><c> of</c><00:35:45.590><c> roads.</c>

00:35:46.969 --> 00:35:50.969
John's<00:35:47.590><c> sole</c><00:35:47.710><c> purpose</c><00:35:48.190><c> in</c><00:35:48.489><c> life</c><00:35:48.769><c> is</c><00:35:49.190><c> to</c><00:35:49.530><c> deliver</c><00:35:49.750><c> his</c><00:35:50.170><c> cargo</c><00:35:50.469><c> to</c><00:35:50.769><c> a</c>

00:35:50.969 --> 00:35:53.090
specific<00:35:51.449><c> place</c><00:35:51.869><c> in</c><00:35:52.110><c> the</c><00:35:52.369><c> axon.</c>

00:35:53.090 --> 00:35:58.329
He<00:35:54.329><c> takes</c><00:35:54.789><c> the</c><00:35:55.210><c> main</c><00:35:55.550><c> roads,</c><00:35:56.389><c> and</c><00:35:56.570><c> he</c><00:35:56.750><c> walks</c><00:35:56.969><c> in</c><00:35:57.349><c> just</c><00:35:57.969><c> one</c>

00:35:58.329 --> 00:35:59.750
direction<00:35:58.869><c> only.</c>

00:36:00.409 --> 00:36:03.730
John's<00:36:00.570><c> job</c><00:36:00.789><c> may</c><00:36:01.110><c> seem</c><00:36:01.389><c> easy,</c><00:36:02.010><c> but</c><00:36:02.409><c> it's</c><00:36:02.849><c> not.</c>

00:36:04.150 --> 00:36:06.670
He<00:36:04.309><c> has</c><00:36:04.550><c> to</c><00:36:04.849><c> overcome</c><00:36:05.289><c> a</c><00:36:05.550><c> number</c><00:36:05.869><c> of</c><00:36:06.150><c> obstacles</c>

00:36:06.670 --> 00:36:10.949
to<00:36:07.150><c> ensure</c><00:36:07.670><c> that</c><00:36:07.949><c> the</c><00:36:08.150><c> right</c><00:36:08.469><c> amount</c><00:36:08.849><c> of</c><00:36:09.230><c> cargo</c><00:36:09.809><c> arrives</c><00:36:10.710><c> at</c>

00:36:10.949 --> 00:36:12.530
the<00:36:11.190><c> right</c><00:36:11.469><c> place.</c>

00:36:14.150 --> 00:36:19.530
To<00:36:14.730><c> make</c><00:36:14.989><c> the</c><00:36:15.269><c> journey</c><00:36:15.769><c> even</c><00:36:16.489><c> more</c><00:36:16.789><c> difficult,</c><00:36:17.889><c> John</c><00:36:18.130><c> is</c><00:36:18.389><c> not</c><00:36:18.630><c> alone.</c>

00:36:19.969 --> 00:36:23.789
Other<00:36:20.309><c> motor</c><00:36:20.769><c> proteins</c><00:36:21.329><c> ride</c><00:36:22.150><c> along</c><00:36:22.630><c> with</c><00:36:22.949><c> his</c><00:36:23.349><c> cargo.</c>

00:36:24.210 --> 00:36:29.190
They<00:36:24.489><c> haven't</c><00:36:24.869><c> woken</c><00:36:25.190><c> up</c><00:36:25.469><c> yet,</c><00:36:26.070><c> but</c><00:36:26.369><c> that</c><00:36:26.889><c> will</c><00:36:27.349><c> happen</c><00:36:27.789><c> soon.</c>

00:36:34.389 --> 00:36:38.429
The<00:36:34.630><c> journey</c><00:36:35.090><c> starts</c><00:36:35.550><c> in</c><00:36:35.789><c> the</c><00:36:36.010><c> center</c><00:36:36.250><c> of</c><00:36:36.449><c> the</c><00:36:36.610><c> city,</c><00:36:37.550><c> just</c><00:36:37.849><c> like</c><00:36:38.190><c> in</c>

00:36:38.429 --> 00:36:40.150
the<00:36:38.630><c> center</c><00:36:38.909><c> of</c><00:36:39.150><c> the</c><00:36:39.389><c> cell.</c>

00:36:40.269 --> 00:36:43.829
To<00:36:40.530><c> enter</c><00:36:40.829><c> the</c><00:36:41.210><c> axon,</c><00:36:41.849><c> John</c><00:36:42.010><c> has</c><00:36:42.349><c> to</c><00:36:42.610><c> pass</c><00:36:42.849><c> a</c><00:36:43.110><c> place</c><00:36:43.449><c> called</c>

00:36:43.829 --> 00:36:45.750
the<00:36:44.130><c> axon</c><00:36:44.750><c> initial</c><00:36:45.190><c> segment.</c>

00:36:45.750 --> 00:36:49.769
In<00:36:46.769><c> this</c><00:36:47.110><c> segment,</c><00:36:47.750><c> there</c><00:36:47.750><c> are</c><00:36:47.989><c> two</c><00:36:48.289><c> kinds</c><00:36:48.690><c> of</c><00:36:48.949><c> roads.</c>

00:36:50.110 --> 00:36:54.650
The<00:36:50.309><c> main</c><00:36:50.530><c> roads</c><00:36:50.929><c> that</c><00:36:51.170><c> John</c><00:36:51.409><c> uses,</c><00:36:52.389><c> called</c><00:36:52.670><c> the</c><00:36:52.989><c> microtubules,</c>

00:36:54.710 --> 00:36:58.190
and<00:36:54.969><c> a</c><00:36:55.050><c> lot</c><00:36:55.269><c> of</c><00:36:55.449><c> little</c><00:36:55.750><c> alleys</c><00:36:56.469><c> called</c><00:36:57.030><c> actin.</c>

00:36:59.570 --> 00:37:05.289
And<00:36:59.929><c> here,</c><00:37:01.190><c> our</c><00:37:01.369><c> brave</c><00:37:01.789><c> motor</c><00:37:02.269><c> protein</c><00:37:02.869><c> meets</c><00:37:03.449><c> his</c><00:37:03.750><c> first</c><00:37:04.150><c> challenge,</c>

00:37:05.329 --> 00:37:10.949
because<00:37:05.650><c> one</c><00:37:06.090><c> of</c><00:37:06.289><c> his</c><00:37:06.630><c> sleeping</c><00:37:07.030><c> travel</c><00:37:07.510><c> companions,</c><00:37:08.829><c> Myosin,</c><00:37:09.989><c> has</c><00:37:10.230><c> woken</c><00:37:10.510><c> up</c>

00:37:10.949 --> 00:37:13.809
and<00:37:11.489><c> starts</c><00:37:11.809><c> to</c><00:37:12.190><c> cling</c><00:37:12.429><c> to</c><00:37:12.630><c> the</c><00:37:12.889><c> actin.</c>

00:37:14.309 --> 00:37:17.730
And<00:37:14.710><c> there</c><00:37:14.989><c> are</c><00:37:15.429><c> a</c><00:37:15.630><c> lot</c><00:37:15.929><c> of</c><00:37:16.210><c> alleys.</c>

00:37:18.210 --> 00:37:22.070
Only<00:37:18.630><c> brute</c><00:37:18.929><c> force</c><00:37:19.329><c> can</c><00:37:19.650><c> save</c><00:37:19.969><c> John</c><00:37:20.250><c> now.</c>

00:37:23.389 --> 00:37:25.690
Fate<00:37:23.750><c> strikes</c><00:37:24.530><c> again.</c>

00:37:25.869 --> 00:37:29.250
The<00:37:26.110><c> other</c><00:37:26.369><c> companion,</c><00:37:27.570><c> Dynin,</c><00:37:28.409><c> wakes</c><00:37:28.670><c> up,</c>

00:37:29.489 --> 00:37:33.329
and<00:37:29.710><c> he</c><00:37:29.909><c> can</c><00:37:30.170><c> only</c><00:37:30.630><c> walk</c><00:37:30.949><c> in</c><00:37:31.150><c> the</c><00:37:31.369><c> opposite</c><00:37:31.730><c> direction</c><00:37:32.250><c> of</c><00:37:32.469><c> John,</c>

00:37:35.010 --> 00:37:38.170
resulting<00:37:35.730><c> in</c><00:37:36.449><c> a</c><00:37:36.750><c> tug</c><00:37:36.929><c> of</c><00:37:37.289><c> war.</c>

00:37:45.590 --> 00:37:48.769
But<00:37:46.190><c> there</c><00:37:46.750><c> can</c><00:37:47.070><c> be</c><00:37:47.329><c> only</c><00:37:47.769><c> one.</c>

00:37:50.489 --> 00:37:53.309
So<00:37:51.090><c> that's</c><00:37:51.630><c> the</c><00:37:51.789><c> cartoon</c><00:37:52.170><c> version.</c>

00:37:56.469 --> 00:37:59.429
It's<00:37:57.070><c> produced</c><00:37:57.570><c> by</c><00:37:58.269><c> a</c><00:37:58.590><c> scientific</c><00:37:58.889><c> laboratory.</c>

00:37:59.650 --> 00:38:00.690
It's<00:38:00.230><c> not</c><00:38:00.349><c> a</c><00:38:00.489><c> joke.</c>

00:38:00.769 --> 00:38:04.730
It's<00:38:01.070><c> actually</c><00:38:01.349><c> trying</c><00:38:01.630><c> to</c><00:38:02.230><c> tell</c><00:38:02.409><c> us</c><00:38:02.590><c> that</c><00:38:02.769><c> there</c><00:38:03.090><c> are</c><00:38:03.570><c> proteins</c><00:38:04.230><c> which</c>

00:38:04.730 --> 00:38:06.590
pull<00:38:05.050><c> heavy</c><00:38:05.429><c> loads</c><00:38:05.769><c> along</c><00:38:06.150><c> roads.</c>

00:38:06.889 --> 00:38:08.349
But<00:38:07.130><c> it</c><00:38:07.130><c> doesn't</c><00:38:07.369><c> tell</c><00:38:07.570><c> you</c><00:38:07.690><c> the</c><00:38:07.829><c> full</c><00:38:08.050><c> story.</c>

00:38:08.369 --> 00:38:10.909
This<00:38:08.610><c> one's</c><00:38:08.769><c> going</c><00:38:08.909><c> to</c><00:38:09.110><c> tell</c><00:38:09.230><c> you</c><00:38:09.349><c> a</c><00:38:09.449><c> bit</c><00:38:09.550><c> more</c><00:38:09.789><c> about</c><00:38:10.010><c> it.</c>

00:38:16.289 --> 00:38:17.170
Music

00:38:34.230 --> 00:38:37.610
Cells<00:38:34.989><c> are</c><00:38:35.369><c> full</c><00:38:35.650><c> of</c><00:38:35.929><c> specialized</c><00:38:36.369><c> components</c><00:38:36.949><c> that</c><00:38:37.250><c> perform</c>

00:38:37.610 --> 00:38:39.389
functions<00:38:38.090><c> vital</c><00:38:38.449><c> to</c><00:38:38.590><c> their</c><00:38:38.909><c> existence.</c>

00:38:39.389 --> 00:38:43.329
But<00:38:40.250><c> how</c><00:38:40.510><c> do</c><00:38:40.590><c> these</c><00:38:40.849><c> components</c><00:38:41.429><c> get</c><00:38:41.730><c> to</c><00:38:41.909><c> the</c><00:38:42.070><c> right</c><00:38:42.269><c> locations</c><00:38:42.849><c> inside</c>

00:38:43.329 --> 00:38:45.630
the<00:38:43.590><c> cell</c><00:38:43.750><c> to</c><00:38:44.030><c> perform</c><00:38:44.409><c> their</c><00:38:44.630><c> functions?</c>

00:38:46.289 --> 00:38:50.289
For<00:38:46.570><c> larger</c><00:38:46.829><c> components,</c><00:38:47.730><c> a</c><00:38:47.869><c> transportation</c><00:38:48.550><c> system</c><00:38:48.929><c> is</c><00:38:49.110><c> needed.</c>

00:38:52.829 --> 00:38:54.489
Meet<00:38:52.909><c> the</c><00:38:53.269><c> Kinesin.</c>

00:38:54.750 --> 00:38:56.530
Masterpieces<00:38:55.170><c> of</c><00:38:55.449><c> microengineering,</c>

00:38:56.989 --> 00:39:00.010
Kinesins<00:38:57.489><c> are</c><00:38:57.690><c> miniature</c><00:38:58.070><c> motorized</c><00:38:58.610><c> machines</c><00:38:59.190><c> that</c><00:38:59.730><c> carry</c>

00:39:00.010 --> 00:39:02.889
cargo<00:39:00.369><c> from</c><00:39:00.650><c> one</c><00:39:00.929><c> part</c><00:39:01.070><c> of</c><00:39:01.250><c> the</c><00:39:01.429><c> cell</c><00:39:01.650><c> to</c><00:39:01.889><c> another,</c>

00:39:03.190 --> 00:39:07.329
walking<00:39:03.449><c> along</c><00:39:03.829><c> self</c><00:39:04.190><c>-assembling</c><00:39:04.690><c> highways</c><00:39:05.269><c> called</c><00:39:05.789><c> microtubules.</c>

00:39:09.710 --> 00:39:14.510
Known<00:39:10.389><c> as</c><00:39:10.570><c> the</c><00:39:10.809><c> workhorses</c><00:39:11.389><c> of</c><00:39:11.530><c> the</c><00:39:11.750><c> cell,</c><00:39:12.510><c> Kinesins</c><00:39:12.949><c> have</c><00:39:13.210><c> two</c><00:39:13.590><c> feet,</c><00:39:14.210><c> or</c>

00:39:14.510 --> 00:39:15.869
globular<00:39:14.969><c> heads,</c>

00:39:16.269 --> 00:39:19.690
that<00:39:16.349><c> literally</c><00:39:16.789><c> walk</c><00:39:17.329><c> one</c><00:39:17.849><c> foot</c><00:39:18.090><c> over</c><00:39:18.429><c> another</c><00:39:18.909><c> along</c><00:39:19.369><c> the</c>

00:39:19.690 --> 00:39:23.210
microtubule,<00:39:20.789><c> pulling</c><00:39:21.030><c> their</c><00:39:21.349><c> cargo</c><00:39:21.650><c> to</c><00:39:21.849><c> its</c><00:39:22.110><c> destination.</c>

00:39:24.230 --> 00:39:28.809
Each<00:39:24.530><c> foot</c><00:39:24.769><c> possesses</c><00:39:25.349><c> two</c><00:39:25.630><c> special</c><00:39:25.949><c> locations</c><00:39:26.590><c> called</c><00:39:27.309><c> binding</c><00:39:27.849><c> sites</c><00:39:28.329><c> that</c>

00:39:28.809 --> 00:39:30.670
interact<00:39:29.190><c> with</c><00:39:29.429><c> other</c><00:39:29.650><c> molecules.</c>

00:39:31.230 --> 00:39:34.110
One<00:39:31.489><c> site</c><00:39:31.730><c> attaches</c><00:39:32.130><c> to</c><00:39:32.309><c> the</c><00:39:32.550><c> microtubule,</c><00:39:33.590><c> and</c><00:39:33.750><c> the</c><00:39:33.909><c> other</c>

00:39:34.110 --> 00:39:37.949
binds<00:39:34.489><c> with</c><00:39:34.829><c> ATP,</c><00:39:35.710><c> the</c><00:39:36.030><c> energy</c><00:39:36.369><c> molecule</c><00:39:36.809><c> of</c><00:39:37.010><c> the</c><00:39:37.190><c> cell.</c>

00:39:38.010 --> 00:39:41.989
When<00:39:38.530><c> one</c><00:39:38.849><c> foot</c><00:39:39.030><c> binds</c><00:39:39.409><c> with</c><00:39:39.690><c> ATP</c><00:39:40.210><c> and</c><00:39:40.550><c> uses</c><00:39:40.849><c> its</c><00:39:41.090><c> energy,</c><00:39:41.869><c> the</c>

00:39:41.989 --> 00:39:45.489
foot<00:39:42.150><c> flips</c><00:39:42.489><c> over,</c><00:39:43.530><c> resulting</c><00:39:43.789><c> in</c><00:39:44.090><c> the</c><00:39:44.250><c> walking</c><00:39:44.510><c> motion.</c>

00:39:46.769 --> 00:39:50.150
Each<00:39:47.030><c> foot</c><00:39:47.289><c> has</c><00:39:47.489><c> a</c><00:39:47.710><c> short</c><00:39:47.929><c> neck,</c><00:39:48.449><c> which</c><00:39:48.610><c> is</c><00:39:48.869><c> connected</c><00:39:49.110><c> to</c><00:39:49.349><c> a</c><00:39:49.550><c> strand</c><00:39:49.769><c> of</c><00:39:49.989><c> a</c>

00:39:50.150 --> 00:39:51.690
long<00:39:50.429><c> coiled</c><00:39:50.829><c> stalk.</c>

00:39:52.150 --> 00:39:55.110
At<00:39:52.349><c> the</c><00:39:52.449><c> end</c><00:39:52.570><c> of</c><00:39:52.710><c> the</c><00:39:52.909><c> stalk</c><00:39:53.130><c> is</c><00:39:53.389><c> a</c><00:39:53.530><c> fan</c><00:39:53.909><c>-shaped</c><00:39:54.170><c> tail,</c><00:39:54.969><c> which</c>

00:39:55.110 --> 00:39:58.110
holds<00:39:55.409><c> tightly</c><00:39:55.789><c> to</c><00:39:56.010><c> the</c><00:39:56.210><c> cargo</c><00:39:56.469><c> being</c><00:39:56.809><c> transported.</c>

00:40:02.050 --> 00:40:04.769
Kinesins<00:40:02.550><c> can</c><00:40:02.809><c> carry</c><00:40:03.110><c> cargo</c><00:40:03.530><c> that</c><00:40:03.730><c> are</c><00:40:03.869><c> many</c><00:40:04.150><c> times</c><00:40:04.530><c> their</c>

00:40:04.769 --> 00:40:06.050
own<00:40:05.030><c> size.</c>

00:40:06.909 --> 00:40:09.929
Sometimes<00:40:07.530><c> a</c><00:40:07.769><c> Kinesin</c><00:40:08.210><c> is</c><00:40:08.409><c> in</c><00:40:08.610><c> danger</c><00:40:08.929><c> of</c><00:40:09.090><c> getting</c><00:40:09.329><c> stuck</c><00:40:09.710><c> on</c>

00:40:09.929 --> 00:40:11.250
the<00:40:10.130><c> microtubule</c><00:40:10.789><c> highway</c>

00:40:11.250 --> 00:40:14.989
because<00:40:11.710><c> of</c><00:40:11.949><c> blockages</c><00:40:12.429><c> caused</c><00:40:12.809><c> by</c><00:40:13.070><c> other</c><00:40:13.389><c> cellular</c><00:40:13.769><c> components.</c>

00:40:18.590 --> 00:40:21.769
To<00:40:18.610><c> get</c><00:40:18.829><c> around</c><00:40:19.210><c> such</c><00:40:19.469><c> obstacles,</c><00:40:20.670><c> multiple</c><00:40:20.929><c> motor</c><00:40:21.289><c> proteins</c>

00:40:21.769 --> 00:40:24.150
may<00:40:22.010><c> be</c><00:40:22.210><c> used</c><00:40:22.429><c> to</c><00:40:22.690><c> carry</c><00:40:22.849><c> a</c><00:40:23.070><c> single</c><00:40:23.309><c> piece</c><00:40:23.550><c> of</c><00:40:23.809><c> cargo,</c>

00:40:24.449 --> 00:40:27.449
together<00:40:24.809><c> providing</c><00:40:25.289><c> enough</c><00:40:25.650><c> force</c><00:40:25.949><c> to</c><00:40:26.210><c> break</c><00:40:26.409><c> free.</c>

00:40:29.170 --> 00:40:31.809
Kinesins<00:40:29.650><c> typically</c><00:40:30.090><c> walk</c><00:40:30.429><c> away</c><00:40:30.829><c> from</c><00:40:31.050><c> the</c><00:40:31.250><c> center</c><00:40:31.449><c> of</c><00:40:31.670><c> the</c>

00:40:31.809 --> 00:40:34.329
cell<00:40:32.030><c> and</c><00:40:32.369><c> toward</c><00:40:32.789><c> the</c><00:40:33.030><c> cell's</c><00:40:33.389><c> periphery.</c>

00:40:34.329 --> 00:40:38.210
The<00:40:35.090><c> Kinesin's</c><00:40:35.590><c> two</c><00:40:35.909><c> feet</c><00:40:36.150><c> work</c><00:40:36.429><c> together</c><00:40:36.889><c> efficiently,</c><00:40:37.809><c> with</c><00:40:37.929><c> one</c>

00:40:38.210 --> 00:40:40.610
foot<00:40:38.449><c> holding</c><00:40:38.809><c> fast</c><00:40:39.170><c> to</c><00:40:39.329><c> the</c><00:40:39.530><c> microtubule,</c>

00:40:40.869 --> 00:40:44.269
while<00:40:41.110><c> the</c><00:40:41.289><c> other</c><00:40:41.530><c> releases</c><00:40:41.889><c> itself</c><00:40:42.409><c> and</c><00:40:42.650><c> takes</c><00:40:42.929><c> a</c><00:40:43.130><c> step</c><00:40:43.289><c> forward.</c>

00:40:44.750 --> 00:40:48.550
This<00:40:45.010><c> coordinated</c><00:40:45.730><c> stepwise</c><00:40:46.389><c> movement</c><00:40:46.929><c> allows</c><00:40:47.389><c> Kinesin</c><00:40:47.909><c> motors</c><00:40:48.289><c> to</c>

00:40:48.550 --> 00:40:50.909
walk<00:40:48.730><c> as</c><00:40:48.949><c> many</c><00:40:49.170><c> as</c><00:40:49.349><c> 100</c><00:40:49.849><c> steps</c><00:40:50.289><c> per</c><00:40:50.530><c> second,</c>

00:40:51.289 --> 00:40:54.210
moving<00:40:51.530><c> about</c><00:40:51.829><c> 8</c><00:40:52.210><c> nanometers</c><00:40:52.829><c> with</c><00:40:53.050><c> each</c><00:40:53.349><c> step.</c>

00:40:55.309 --> 00:40:58.590
When<00:40:55.590><c> not</c><00:40:55.869><c> carrying</c><00:40:56.230><c> cargo,</c><00:40:57.070><c> Kinesins</c><00:40:57.489><c> can</c><00:40:57.750><c> shift</c><00:40:58.010><c> to</c><00:40:58.250><c> energy</c>

00:40:58.590 --> 00:41:01.969
-saving<00:40:58.869><c> mode</c><00:40:59.210><c> to</c><00:40:59.489><c> conserve</c><00:40:59.929><c> fuel</c><00:41:00.349><c> until</c><00:41:00.650><c> their</c><00:41:00.869><c> next</c><00:41:01.150><c> job.</c>

00:41:02.230 --> 00:41:06.190
The<00:41:02.949><c> Kinesin</c><00:41:03.429><c> plays</c><00:41:03.710><c> a</c><00:41:03.949><c> vital</c><00:41:04.210><c> role</c><00:41:04.530><c> in</c><00:41:04.730><c> many</c><00:41:04.989><c> cellular</c><00:41:05.329><c> processes,</c>

00:41:06.389 --> 00:41:11.010
not<00:41:06.449><c> just</c><00:41:06.769><c> transporting</c><00:41:07.250><c> materials,</c><00:41:08.329><c> but</c><00:41:08.469><c> also</c><00:41:08.909><c> aiding</c><00:41:09.309><c> cell</c><00:41:09.670><c> replication.</c>

00:41:12.809 --> 00:41:17.210
The<00:41:12.909><c> walking</c><00:41:13.329><c> Kinesin</c><00:41:13.929><c> molecular</c><00:41:14.449><c> machine,</c><00:41:15.909><c> another</c><00:41:16.190><c> example</c><00:41:16.789><c> of</c>

00:41:17.210 --> 00:41:18.769
intelligent<00:41:17.730><c> design.</c>

00:41:20.190 --> 00:41:23.349
That<00:41:20.429><c> is</c><00:41:21.130><c> an</c><00:41:21.369><c> amazing</c><00:41:22.010><c> example.</c>

00:41:23.389 --> 00:41:26.710
It's<00:41:23.489><c> produced</c><00:41:23.889><c> by,</c><00:41:24.409><c> the</c><00:41:24.969><c> video</c><00:41:25.250><c> is</c><00:41:25.469><c> produced</c><00:41:25.650><c> by</c><00:41:25.809><c> the</c><00:41:25.909><c> intelligent</c><00:41:26.269><c> design</c>

00:41:26.710 --> 00:41:29.530
people,<00:41:27.570><c> but</c><00:41:27.750><c> it's</c><00:41:28.030><c> not,</c><00:41:28.329><c> they</c><00:41:28.550><c> didn't</c><00:41:28.849><c> make</c><00:41:29.170><c> it</c><00:41:29.389><c> up.</c>

00:41:29.530 --> 00:41:30.590
I<00:41:29.630><c> mean,</c><00:41:29.809><c> it's</c><00:41:30.150><c> the</c><00:41:30.389><c> science.</c>

00:41:30.650 --> 00:41:33.110
And<00:41:30.849><c> if</c><00:41:31.030><c> you</c><00:41:31.409><c> want</c><00:41:31.590><c> to</c><00:41:31.809><c> check</c><00:41:31.969><c> in</c><00:41:32.130><c> this,</c><00:41:32.329><c> you</c><00:41:32.389><c> go</c><00:41:32.570><c> to</c><00:41:32.809><c> Harvard</c>

00:41:33.110 --> 00:41:34.989
University<00:41:33.949><c> website</c>

00:41:35.050 --> 00:41:40.710
and<00:41:35.530><c> look</c><00:41:36.010><c> at</c><00:41:36.230><c> their</c><00:41:36.409><c> graphics</c><00:41:37.030><c> section</c><00:41:37.650><c> and</c><00:41:37.989><c> their</c><00:41:39.409><c> biology</c><00:41:39.929><c> section,</c>

00:41:40.750 --> 00:41:44.170
and<00:41:41.090><c> you'll</c><00:41:41.389><c> see</c><00:41:41.530><c> that</c><00:41:41.769><c> Harvard</c><00:41:41.949><c> University</c><00:41:42.650><c> have</c><00:41:42.929><c> made</c><00:41:43.389><c> these</c><00:41:43.750><c> sorts</c><00:41:43.969><c> of</c>

00:41:44.170 --> 00:41:46.530
videos<00:41:44.489><c> to</c><00:41:45.050><c> show</c><00:41:45.230><c> you</c><00:41:45.329><c> what's</c><00:41:45.670><c> going</c><00:41:45.849><c> on</c><00:41:46.070><c> in</c><00:41:46.210><c> the</c><00:41:46.369><c> cell.</c>

00:41:46.849 --> 00:41:48.590
It<00:41:47.050><c> is</c><00:41:47.530><c> extraordinary.</c>

00:41:48.869 --> 00:41:51.469
It's<00:41:49.269><c> just</c><00:41:49.369><c> extraordinary.</c><00:41:49.969><c> It's</c><00:41:50.389><c> mind</c><00:41:50.769><c>-blowing.</c>

00:41:51.909 --> 00:41:54.389
That<00:41:52.090><c> there</c><00:41:52.250><c> is</c><00:41:52.429><c> a</c><00:41:52.650><c> road</c><00:41:52.849><c> laid</c><00:41:53.210><c> down</c><00:41:53.469><c> in</c><00:41:53.730><c> front</c><00:41:53.869><c> of</c><00:41:54.070><c> the</c><00:41:54.269><c> truck</c>

00:41:54.389 --> 00:41:55.309
carrying<00:41:54.809><c> the</c><00:41:55.090><c> load,</c>

00:41:55.710 --> 00:41:59.110
and<00:41:56.010><c> taken</c><00:41:56.230><c> up</c><00:41:56.530><c> behind</c><00:41:56.909><c> the</c><00:41:57.190><c> truck</c><00:41:57.389><c> after</c><00:41:57.630><c> it's</c><00:41:57.829><c> being</c><00:41:58.150><c> used.</c>

00:41:59.610 --> 00:42:03.130
Each<00:42:00.250><c> truck</c><00:42:00.469><c> gets</c><00:42:00.710><c> its</c><00:42:01.010><c> own</c><00:42:01.369><c> road</c><00:42:01.630><c> being</c><00:42:01.909><c> laid</c><00:42:02.230><c> down.</c>

00:42:03.329 --> 00:42:05.889
And<00:42:03.469><c> it's</c><00:42:03.610><c> not</c><00:42:03.769><c> just</c><00:42:04.010><c> this</c><00:42:04.570><c> walks</c><00:42:04.889><c> away.</c>

00:42:06.170 --> 00:42:08.230
It<00:42:06.670><c> encounters</c><00:42:07.010><c> obstacles.</c>

00:42:08.449 --> 00:42:09.730
It<00:42:08.869><c> enlists</c><00:42:09.190><c> help.</c>

00:42:10.190 --> 00:42:13.030
It<00:42:10.329><c> gets</c><00:42:10.550><c> another</c><00:42:10.889><c> truck</c><00:42:11.269><c> to</c><00:42:12.070><c> get</c><00:42:12.389><c> through.</c>

00:42:13.150 --> 00:42:17.130
And<00:42:13.789><c> it</c><00:42:14.130><c> can</c><00:42:14.269><c> go</c><00:42:14.449><c> into</c><00:42:14.730><c> sleep</c><00:42:15.090><c> mode</c><00:42:15.409><c> when</c><00:42:15.550><c> it's</c><00:42:15.869><c> not</c><00:42:16.130><c> used.</c>

00:42:18.250 --> 00:42:23.710
And<00:42:18.469><c> all</c><00:42:18.670><c> of</c><00:42:18.929><c> that</c><00:42:19.230><c> without</c><00:42:19.949><c> a</c><00:42:20.329><c> designer,</c><00:42:21.469><c> just</c><00:42:21.730><c> by</c><00:42:22.789><c> chance.</c>

00:42:24.150 --> 00:42:27.329
I<00:42:24.309><c> mean,</c><00:42:24.849><c> it's</c><00:42:25.570><c> mind</c><00:42:25.809><c>-bogglingly</c><00:42:26.449><c> stupid,</c><00:42:26.809><c> isn't</c><00:42:27.030><c> it,</c><00:42:27.190><c> to</c>

00:42:27.329 --> 00:42:28.929
think<00:42:27.469><c> like</c><00:42:27.789><c> that?</c>

00:42:30.690 --> 00:42:32.610
So<00:42:31.329><c> a</c><00:42:31.969><c> couple</c><00:42:32.050><c> more</c><00:42:32.289><c> things.</c>

00:42:32.989 --> 00:42:37.469
I<00:42:32.989><c> come</c><00:42:33.250><c> across</c><00:42:33.750><c> Professor</c><00:42:34.869><c> James</c><00:42:35.489><c> Tour</c><00:42:35.789><c> in</c><00:42:36.090><c> Bryce</c><00:42:36.369><c> University,</c><00:42:37.030><c> who</c><00:42:37.130><c> is</c><00:42:37.250><c> a</c>

00:42:37.469 --> 00:42:40.489
world<00:42:37.730><c>-famous</c><00:42:38.550><c> synthetic</c><00:42:39.809><c> chemist.</c>

00:42:40.809 --> 00:42:45.030
He<00:42:41.010><c> makes</c><00:42:41.369><c> molecules,</c><00:42:42.050><c> and</c><00:42:42.289><c> he</c><00:42:43.429><c> tries</c><00:42:43.789><c> to</c><00:42:44.329><c> recreate</c><00:42:44.730><c> these</c>

00:42:45.030 --> 00:42:48.449
nanomachines<00:42:46.769><c> chemically.</c>

00:42:50.349 --> 00:42:53.889
He's<00:42:50.989><c> a</c><00:42:51.170><c> brave</c><00:42:51.369><c> man</c><00:42:51.650><c> because</c><00:42:52.130><c> he</c><00:42:52.469><c> has</c><00:42:52.730><c> written</c><00:42:52.949><c> an</c><00:42:53.230><c> open</c><00:42:53.369><c> letter</c><00:42:53.670><c> to</c>

00:42:53.889 --> 00:42:55.309
his<00:42:54.210><c> colleagues.</c>

00:42:55.690 --> 00:42:59.630
And<00:42:56.289><c> he</c><00:42:56.510><c> says,</c><00:42:57.309><c> what</c><00:42:57.449><c> would</c><00:42:57.670><c> it</c><00:42:57.929><c> take</c><00:42:58.110><c> to</c><00:42:58.409><c> make</c><00:42:58.650><c> a</c><00:42:58.929><c> cell?</c>

00:43:00.829 --> 00:43:05.090
How<00:43:01.210><c> could</c><00:43:01.429><c> you</c><00:43:01.809><c> create</c><00:43:02.070><c> a</c><00:43:02.409><c> cell</c><00:43:02.809><c> out</c><00:43:03.230><c> of</c><00:43:03.409><c> the</c><00:43:03.690><c> component</c><00:43:04.090><c> parts</c><00:43:04.670><c> we</c>

00:43:05.090 --> 00:43:06.469
know<00:43:05.489><c> are</c><00:43:06.130><c> needed?</c>

00:43:06.789 --> 00:43:10.489
The<00:43:06.889><c> amino</c><00:43:07.210><c> acids,</c><00:43:07.869><c> nucleotides,</c><00:43:08.449><c> saccharides,</c><00:43:09.409><c> and</c><00:43:09.610><c> lipids.</c>

00:43:10.670 --> 00:43:13.130
These<00:43:10.889><c> are</c><00:43:11.050><c> all</c><00:43:11.170><c> being</c><00:43:11.469><c> characterized</c><00:43:11.969><c> by</c><00:43:12.610><c> science.</c>

00:43:13.469 --> 00:43:15.369
We<00:43:13.630><c> know</c><00:43:13.809><c> exactly</c><00:43:14.210><c> what</c><00:43:14.389><c> their</c><00:43:14.650><c> structure</c><00:43:15.050><c> is.</c>

00:43:15.630 --> 00:43:18.329
You<00:43:15.750><c> can</c><00:43:15.909><c> draw</c><00:43:16.090><c> the</c><00:43:16.349><c> diagram.</c><00:43:16.809><c> You</c><00:43:16.949><c> can</c><00:43:17.150><c> make</c><00:43:17.369><c> a</c><00:43:17.570><c> 3D</c><00:43:17.949><c> picture</c>

00:43:18.329 --> 00:43:19.230
of<00:43:18.510><c> it.</c>

00:43:19.289 --> 00:43:22.389
How<00:43:19.650><c> would</c><00:43:19.829><c> you</c><00:43:20.170><c> put</c><00:43:20.369><c> them</c><00:43:20.630><c> together</c><00:43:21.190><c> into</c><00:43:21.690><c> a</c><00:43:22.010><c> system?</c>

00:43:22.389 --> 00:43:24.670
In<00:43:22.730><c> the</c><00:43:22.909><c> old</c><00:43:23.070><c> days,</c><00:43:23.369><c> we</c><00:43:23.489><c> thought</c><00:43:23.650><c> it</c><00:43:23.769><c> was</c><00:43:23.889><c> a</c><00:43:24.070><c> plastic</c><00:43:24.409><c> bag.</c>

00:43:24.690 --> 00:43:27.849
So<00:43:24.869><c> you</c><00:43:24.889><c> just</c><00:43:25.150><c> pour</c><00:43:25.309><c> them</c><00:43:25.449><c> into</c><00:43:25.650><c> a</c><00:43:25.849><c> plastic</c><00:43:26.170><c> bag,</c><00:43:26.949><c> shake</c><00:43:27.130><c> it</c><00:43:27.389><c> around</c><00:43:27.650><c> a</c>

00:43:27.849 --> 00:43:28.889
bit,<00:43:28.090><c> and</c><00:43:28.210><c> hey,</c><00:43:28.510><c> presto.</c>

00:43:29.150 --> 00:43:31.969
But<00:43:29.329><c> it's</c><00:43:29.530><c> not</c><00:43:29.730><c> like</c><00:43:29.989><c> that.</c><00:43:30.250><c> It</c><00:43:30.429><c> doesn't</c><00:43:30.650><c> work</c><00:43:30.889><c> like</c><00:43:31.150><c> that.</c>

00:43:32.369 --> 00:43:36.829
So<00:43:32.550><c> what</c><00:43:32.730><c> he</c><00:43:32.969><c> says</c><00:43:33.170><c> is</c><00:43:33.449><c> there</c><00:43:33.849><c> are</c><00:43:34.170><c> nanosystems,</c><00:43:36.550><c> right?</c>

00:43:36.929 --> 00:43:38.449
These<00:43:37.150><c> are</c><00:43:37.409><c> systems.</c>

00:43:38.630 --> 00:43:41.670
And<00:43:39.030><c> this</c><00:43:39.369><c> is</c><00:43:39.829><c> what</c><00:43:40.289><c> he</c><00:43:40.590><c> says</c><00:43:40.750><c> in</c><00:43:40.949><c> this</c><00:43:41.269><c> article.</c>

00:43:41.929 --> 00:43:44.989
Life<00:43:42.369><c> should</c><00:43:42.750><c> not</c><00:43:43.030><c> exist</c><00:43:43.469><c> anywhere</c><00:43:43.909><c> in</c><00:43:44.269><c> our</c><00:43:44.510><c> universe.</c>

00:43:45.309 --> 00:43:48.070
Life<00:43:45.530><c> should</c><00:43:45.789><c> not</c><00:43:46.010><c> even</c><00:43:46.329><c> exist</c><00:43:46.730><c> on</c><00:43:46.909><c> the</c><00:43:47.110><c> surface</c><00:43:47.429><c> of</c><00:43:47.690><c> the</c><00:43:47.809><c> Earth.</c>

00:43:48.070 --> 00:43:51.469
Yet<00:43:48.489><c> we</c><00:43:48.710><c> are</c><00:43:48.889><c> led</c><00:43:49.010><c> to</c><00:43:49.289><c> believe</c><00:43:49.550><c> that</c><00:43:49.889><c> 3</c><00:43:50.110><c>.8</c><00:43:50.489><c> billion</c><00:43:50.809><c> years</c><00:43:51.150><c> ago,</c>

00:43:51.809 --> 00:43:54.869
the<00:43:51.949><c> requisite</c><00:43:52.489><c> compounds</c><00:43:53.050><c> could</c><00:43:53.289><c> be</c><00:43:53.570><c> found</c><00:43:53.750><c> in</c><00:43:54.070><c> some</c><00:43:54.389><c> cave</c>

00:43:54.869 --> 00:43:56.230
or<00:43:55.309><c> undersea</c><00:43:55.909><c> vent,</c>

00:43:56.550 --> 00:43:59.869
and<00:43:56.849><c> somehow</c><00:43:57.349><c> or</c><00:43:57.690><c> other,</c><00:43:58.110><c> they</c><00:43:58.429><c> assembled</c><00:43:58.889><c> themselves</c><00:43:59.530><c> into</c>

00:43:59.869 --> 00:44:01.550
the<00:44:00.190><c> first</c><00:44:00.610><c> cell.</c>

00:44:02.389 --> 00:44:05.150
And<00:44:02.650><c> that's</c><00:44:03.010><c> in</c><00:44:04.090><c> a</c><00:44:04.309><c> scientific</c><00:44:04.670><c> journal.</c>

00:44:05.510 --> 00:44:09.190
It<00:44:05.570><c> challenges</c><00:44:05.909><c> colleagues</c><00:44:06.550><c> to</c><00:44:07.130><c> stop</c><00:44:07.570><c> saying</c><00:44:08.170><c> that</c><00:44:08.650><c> we've</c><00:44:08.889><c> got</c><00:44:08.989><c> a</c>

00:44:09.190 --> 00:44:12.610
good<00:44:09.389><c> idea</c><00:44:10.090><c> how</c><00:44:10.550><c> life</c><00:44:10.889><c> came</c><00:44:11.230><c> to</c><00:44:11.510><c> be.</c>

00:44:14.530 --> 00:44:18.809
And<00:44:15.210><c> I</c><00:44:15.449><c> think,</c><00:44:15.730><c> you</c><00:44:15.750><c> know,</c><00:44:16.090><c> be</c><00:44:16.329><c> aware</c><00:44:16.809><c> then</c><00:44:17.329><c> that</c><00:44:17.869><c> there</c><00:44:18.210><c> are</c>

00:44:18.809 --> 00:44:21.110
really<00:44:19.389><c> world</c><00:44:19.929><c>-famous</c><00:44:20.230><c> scientists</c>

00:44:21.110 --> 00:44:27.309
who<00:44:22.050><c> say</c><00:44:22.289><c> that</c><00:44:22.829><c> the</c><00:44:23.130><c> confidence</c><00:44:23.909><c> and</c><00:44:24.429><c> the</c><00:44:24.730><c> bluster</c><00:44:25.349><c> that</c><00:44:26.269><c> science</c><00:44:26.809><c> has</c>

00:44:27.309 --> 00:44:28.650
shown<00:44:27.670><c> X</c><00:44:28.070><c> and</c><00:44:28.289><c> Y</c>

00:44:28.650 --> 00:44:31.389
is<00:44:29.230><c> not</c><00:44:29.550><c> founded</c><00:44:29.889><c> on</c><00:44:30.190><c> any</c><00:44:30.429><c> evidence</c><00:44:30.809><c> at</c><00:44:31.130><c> all.</c>

00:44:31.650 --> 00:44:35.869
In<00:44:31.809><c> fact,</c><00:44:32.010><c> the</c><00:44:32.250><c> evidence</c><00:44:32.530><c> shows</c><00:44:33.010><c> that</c><00:44:33.650><c> you</c><00:44:34.010><c> can't</c><00:44:34.309><c> even</c><00:44:34.610><c> imagine</c>

00:44:36.210 --> 00:44:44.329
how<00:44:36.849><c> these</c><00:44:37.409><c> things</c><00:44:37.650><c> could</c><00:44:37.929><c> be</c><00:44:38.190><c> put</c><00:44:38.389><c> together</c><00:44:39.230><c> in</c><00:44:41.670><c> any</c><00:44:42.210><c> natural</c><00:44:43.070><c> process.</c>

00:44:48.969 --> 00:44:51.730
Have<00:44:49.070><c> we</c><00:44:49.150><c> got</c><00:44:49.289><c> time</c><00:44:49.510><c> for</c><00:44:49.730><c> one</c><00:44:49.929><c> more</c><00:44:50.650><c> clip?</c>

00:44:53.010 --> 00:44:56.730
I'll<00:44:53.650><c> put</c><00:44:54.110><c> this</c><00:44:54.369><c> one</c><00:44:54.489><c> up</c><00:44:54.610><c> because</c><00:44:55.090><c> I</c><00:44:55.550><c> gave</c><00:44:55.690><c> some</c><00:44:55.969><c> talks</c><00:44:56.210><c> on</c>

00:44:56.730 --> 00:44:59.090
creation<00:44:57.409><c> three</c><00:44:58.530><c> years</c><00:44:58.849><c> ago,</c>

00:44:59.170 --> 00:45:03.150
and<00:44:59.269><c> I</c><00:44:59.469><c> was</c><00:44:59.769><c> hammered</c><00:45:00.170><c> by</c><00:45:00.369><c> some</c><00:45:00.690><c> of</c><00:45:00.929><c> our</c><00:45:02.130><c> colleagues.</c>

00:45:03.150 --> 00:45:08.230
And<00:45:03.730><c> one</c><00:45:05.949><c> of</c><00:45:06.050><c> the</c><00:45:06.130><c> things</c><00:45:06.289><c> I</c><00:45:06.449><c> was</c><00:45:06.690><c> hammered</c><00:45:07.070><c> on,</c><00:45:07.210><c> they</c><00:45:07.489><c> said,</c>

00:45:08.789 --> 00:45:13.130
was<00:45:08.929><c> that</c><00:45:09.230><c> junk</c><00:45:09.489><c> DNA</c><00:45:10.289><c> proves</c><00:45:11.050><c> that</c><00:45:11.630><c> there's</c><00:45:11.969><c> evolution,</c><00:45:12.949><c> not</c>

00:45:13.130 --> 00:45:14.090
special<00:45:13.590><c> creation,</c>

00:45:14.210 --> 00:45:18.769
because<00:45:14.849><c> most</c><00:45:15.349><c> of</c><00:45:15.530><c> the</c><00:45:15.789><c> human</c><00:45:16.090><c> genome</c><00:45:16.550><c> is</c><00:45:16.829><c> junk,</c><00:45:17.670><c> it</c><00:45:17.849><c> was</c><00:45:18.030><c> said.</c>

00:45:18.829 --> 00:45:19.510
It<00:45:18.909><c> doesn't</c><00:45:19.050><c> have</c><00:45:19.250><c> a</c><00:45:19.349><c> function.</c>

00:45:19.550 --> 00:45:21.989
Only<00:45:19.849><c> 5</c><00:45:20.250><c>%</c><00:45:20.449><c> of</c><00:45:20.670><c> it</c><00:45:21.090><c> is</c><00:45:21.570><c> useful.</c>

00:45:22.269 --> 00:45:27.050
The<00:45:22.449><c> rest</c><00:45:22.750><c> is</c><00:45:23.150><c> the</c><00:45:23.670><c> archaeological</c><00:45:24.369><c> detritus</c><00:45:25.230><c> of</c><00:45:25.889><c> evolution.</c>

00:45:28.829 --> 00:45:33.110
And<00:45:29.489><c> the</c><00:45:30.150><c> guy</c><00:45:30.449><c> who</c><00:45:31.050><c> said</c><00:45:31.510><c> it</c><00:45:31.769><c> was</c><00:45:32.070><c> junk</c><00:45:32.230><c> in</c><00:45:32.409><c> the</c><00:45:32.590><c> first</c><00:45:32.849><c> place,</c>

00:45:33.349 --> 00:45:34.130
Francis<00:45:33.570><c> Collins,</c>

00:45:34.429 --> 00:45:42.510
is<00:45:34.670><c> the</c><00:45:35.349><c> head</c><00:45:35.690><c> of</c><00:45:36.130><c> the</c><00:45:37.489><c> U</c><00:45:38.130><c>.S.</c><00:45:39.489><c> Science</c><00:45:39.809><c> Institute</c><00:45:40.489><c> in</c><00:45:41.389><c> Maryland.</c>

00:45:42.630 --> 00:45:45.530
He<00:45:42.750><c> was</c><00:45:42.909><c> the</c><00:45:43.170><c> head</c><00:45:43.369><c> of</c><00:45:43.570><c> the</c><00:45:43.750><c> Human</c><00:45:43.989><c> Genome</c><00:45:44.449><c> Project.</c>

00:45:48.269 --> 00:45:53.429
And<00:45:48.929><c> he</c><00:45:49.150><c> says</c><00:45:49.250><c> it</c><00:45:49.429><c> was</c><00:45:49.769><c> hubris</c><00:45:50.349><c> on</c><00:45:50.670><c> his</c><00:45:51.170><c> part</c><00:45:51.590><c> to</c><00:45:51.889><c> call</c><00:45:52.130><c> it</c><00:45:52.449><c> junk</c><00:45:52.789><c> DNA.</c>

00:45:53.429 --> 00:45:56.550
Do<00:45:53.510><c> you</c><00:45:54.989><c> know</c><00:45:55.130><c> what</c><00:45:55.349><c> hubris</c><00:45:55.650><c> means?</c>

00:45:59.289 --> 00:46:00.349
Arrogance.

00:46:02.130 --> 00:46:06.929
The<00:46:02.429><c> assumption</c><00:46:02.949><c> of</c><00:46:04.269><c> superior</c><00:46:04.730><c> knowledge</c><00:46:05.130><c> was</c><00:46:05.590><c> hubris.</c>

00:46:09.070 --> 00:46:11.829
I<00:46:09.250><c> think</c><00:46:09.389><c> it</c><00:46:09.530><c> was</c><00:46:09.710><c> pretty</c><00:46:09.969><c> much</c><00:46:10.150><c> a</c><00:46:10.250><c> case</c><00:46:10.489><c> of</c><00:46:10.769><c> hubris</c><00:46:11.070><c> to</c><00:46:11.329><c> imagine</c><00:46:11.670><c> that</c>

00:46:11.829 --> 00:46:12.690
we<00:46:11.969><c> could</c><00:46:12.190><c> dispense</c>

00:46:12.690 --> 00:46:15.570
with<00:46:12.909><c> any</c><00:46:13.230><c> part</c><00:46:13.469><c> of</c><00:46:13.630><c> the</c><00:46:13.809><c> genome</c><00:46:14.150><c> as</c><00:46:14.570><c> if</c><00:46:14.789><c> we</c><00:46:14.969><c> knew</c><00:46:15.110><c> enough</c><00:46:15.329><c> to</c>

00:46:15.570 --> 00:46:17.469
say<00:46:15.710><c> it</c><00:46:15.989><c> wasn't</c><00:46:16.349><c> functional.</c>

00:46:17.650 --> 00:46:19.309
So<00:46:17.889><c> scientists</c><00:46:18.150><c> have</c><00:46:18.429><c> changed</c><00:46:18.670><c> their</c><00:46:18.989><c> mind,</c>

00:46:19.309 --> 00:46:23.570
and<00:46:19.690><c> there's</c><00:46:19.869><c> been</c><00:46:20.050><c> a</c><00:46:20.250><c> big</c><00:46:20.510><c> project</c><00:46:20.929><c> to</c><00:46:21.190><c> look</c><00:46:21.369><c> at</c><00:46:21.550><c> the</c><00:46:21.769><c> DNA</c><00:46:22.110><c> that</c><00:46:22.329><c> doesn't</c><00:46:22.590><c> code</c><00:46:22.849><c> for</c><00:46:23.130><c> protein</c>

00:46:23.570 --> 00:46:24.889
to<00:46:23.969><c> see</c><00:46:24.190><c> what</c><00:46:24.389><c> it</c><00:46:24.690><c> does.</c>

00:46:25.110 --> 00:46:25.889
Is<00:46:25.309><c> it</c><00:46:25.570><c> junk?</c>

00:46:26.130 --> 00:46:28.329
Are<00:46:26.230><c> they</c><00:46:26.389><c> finding</c><00:46:26.869><c> that</c><00:46:27.289><c> it</c><00:46:27.570><c> has</c><00:46:27.849><c> function?</c>

00:46:28.650 --> 00:46:30.469
It<00:46:28.889><c> produces</c><00:46:29.429><c> stuff.</c>

00:46:30.530 --> 00:46:36.230
Not<00:46:30.829><c> protein,</c><00:46:31.750><c> but</c><00:46:32.090><c> codes</c><00:46:32.690><c> for</c><00:46:33.429><c> organizing</c><00:46:34.070><c> machines</c><00:46:35.190><c> in</c><00:46:35.769><c> the</c><00:46:36.010><c> cell,</c>

00:46:36.409 --> 00:46:41.289
for<00:46:36.530><c> turning</c><00:46:36.829><c> things</c><00:46:37.130><c> on</c><00:46:37.369><c> and</c><00:46:37.550><c> off,</c><00:46:38.750><c> for</c><00:46:39.210><c> organizing</c><00:46:39.849><c> the</c><00:46:40.610><c> information,</c>

00:46:41.389 --> 00:46:44.050
for<00:46:41.690><c> saying</c><00:46:41.929><c> which</c><00:46:42.269><c> part</c><00:46:42.590><c> of</c><00:46:42.750><c> the</c><00:46:42.909><c> genome</c><00:46:43.110><c> to</c><00:46:43.429><c> read</c><00:46:43.630><c> at</c><00:46:43.849><c> any</c>

00:46:44.050 --> 00:46:44.650
given<00:46:44.269><c> time.</c>

00:46:44.650 --> 00:46:49.170
It<00:46:44.969><c> is</c><00:46:45.250><c> an</c><00:46:45.550><c> immensely</c><00:46:46.090><c> complicated</c><00:46:47.369><c> system.</c>

00:46:49.829 --> 00:46:54.110
Now,<00:46:49.989><c> this</c><00:46:50.250><c> is</c><00:46:51.110><c> a</c><00:46:51.269><c> debate</c><00:46:51.550><c> the</c><00:46:51.809><c> BBC</c><00:46:52.150><c> published</c><00:46:52.769><c> between</c><00:46:53.750><c> the</c>

00:46:54.110 --> 00:46:56.670
chief<00:46:54.389><c> rabbi</c><00:46:55.489><c> in</c><00:46:56.050><c> England</c>

00:46:56.670 --> 00:47:01.610
and<00:46:57.829><c> the</c><00:46:58.510><c> famous</c><00:46:59.150><c> evolutionist</c><00:47:00.190><c> Richard</c><00:47:00.530><c> Dawkins.</c>

00:47:01.630 --> 00:47:04.489
I<00:47:01.690><c> just</c><00:47:01.869><c> want</c><00:47:01.989><c> you</c><00:47:02.170><c> to</c><00:47:02.469><c> see</c><00:47:02.730><c> if</c><00:47:02.869><c> you</c><00:47:02.969><c> can,</c><00:47:03.650><c> sound</c><00:47:03.849><c> isn't</c><00:47:04.090><c> brilliant,</c>

00:47:04.570 --> 00:47:05.769
but<00:47:04.670><c> see</c><00:47:04.809><c> if</c><00:47:04.829><c> you</c><00:47:05.010><c> can</c><00:47:05.389><c> catch</c><00:47:05.670><c> this.</c>

00:47:05.769 --> 00:47:08.969
You<00:47:05.829><c> know,</c><00:47:06.090><c> when</c><00:47:06.429><c> in</c><00:47:06.650><c> 2000</c><00:47:07.170><c> the</c><00:47:07.469><c> genome</c><00:47:07.750><c> was</c><00:47:08.170><c> decoded,</c>

00:47:08.969 --> 00:47:13.809
it<00:47:09.710><c> was</c><00:47:09.929><c> discovered</c><00:47:10.349><c> that</c><00:47:10.590><c> only</c><00:47:10.909><c> 2</c><00:47:11.530><c>%</c><00:47:12.389><c> of</c><00:47:12.670><c> the</c><00:47:12.869><c> genome</c><00:47:13.190><c> actually</c>

00:47:13.809 --> 00:47:15.829
codes<00:47:14.269><c> for</c><00:47:14.670><c> proteins,</c>

00:47:15.949 --> 00:47:21.230
and<00:47:16.250><c> as</c><00:47:16.429><c> you</c><00:47:16.610><c> know,</c><00:47:16.809><c> the</c><00:47:16.949><c> other</c><00:47:17.170><c> 98</c><00:47:17.929><c>%</c><00:47:19.050><c> was</c><00:47:19.349><c> dismissed</c><00:47:19.949><c> as</c><00:47:20.750><c> junk,</c>

00:47:21.449 --> 00:47:23.090
junk<00:47:21.969><c> DNA.</c>

00:47:23.989 --> 00:47:30.639
Last<00:47:24.289><c> week,</c><00:47:24.550><c> six</c><00:47:24.789><c> days</c><00:47:25.050><c> ago,</c><00:47:25.429><c> the</c><00:47:25.570><c> result</c><00:47:26.010><c> of</c><00:47:26.829><c> 1</c><00:47:26.949><c>,600</c><00:47:27.809><c> experiments</c><00:47:28.550><c> by</c><00:47:28.909><c> 450</c><00:47:29.769><c> scientists</c>

00:47:30.849 --> 00:47:34.449
in<00:47:31.170><c> 32</c><00:47:31.550><c> different</c><00:47:32.170><c> institutions</c><00:47:32.889><c> discovered</c><00:47:33.849><c> that</c><00:47:34.150><c> actually</c>

00:47:34.449 --> 00:47:35.590
that<00:47:34.769><c> 98</c><00:47:35.210><c>%</c>

00:47:35.590 --> 00:47:39.269
of<00:47:35.710><c> what</c><00:47:35.710><c> people</c><00:47:35.889><c> thought</c><00:47:36.150><c> was</c><00:47:36.530><c> junk</c><00:47:37.050><c> isn't</c><00:47:37.909><c> junk</c><00:47:38.150><c> at</c><00:47:38.429><c> all.</c>

00:47:39.289 --> 00:47:42.269
It's<00:47:39.710><c> absolutely</c><00:47:40.190><c> essential</c><00:47:40.710><c> for</c><00:47:40.969><c> the</c><00:47:41.130><c> maintenance</c><00:47:41.570><c> of</c><00:47:41.929><c> life.</c>

00:47:42.570 --> 00:47:47.369
Fascinating<00:47:43.030><c> fact</c><00:47:43.469><c> that</c><00:47:43.750><c> the</c><00:47:43.929><c> chief</c><00:47:43.929><c> rabbi</c><00:47:44.610><c> has</c><00:47:45.349><c> the</c><00:47:45.909><c> evidence</c><00:47:46.250><c> he's</c><00:47:46.530><c> given</c>

00:47:47.590 --> 00:47:52.849
that<00:47:47.949><c> whereas</c><00:47:49.389><c> we</c><00:47:49.769><c> thought</c><00:47:50.170><c> that</c><00:47:50.590><c> only</c><00:47:50.849><c> a</c><00:47:51.070><c> minority</c><00:47:51.690><c> of</c><00:47:52.090><c> the</c>

00:47:52.849 --> 00:47:54.130
genome<00:47:53.150><c> was</c><00:47:53.449><c> doing</c><00:47:53.690><c> something,</c>

00:47:54.210 --> 00:47:58.190
namely<00:47:54.489><c> that</c><00:47:54.789><c> minority</c><00:47:55.449><c> which</c><00:47:55.889><c> actually</c><00:47:56.289><c> codes</c><00:47:56.570><c> for</c><00:47:57.110><c> protein,</c>

00:47:59.690 --> 00:48:02.889
and<00:48:00.289><c> now</c><00:48:00.489><c> we</c><00:48:00.690><c> find</c><00:48:00.909><c> that</c><00:48:01.469><c> actually</c><00:48:01.829><c> the</c><00:48:02.110><c> majority</c><00:48:02.530><c> of</c><00:48:02.690><c> it's</c>

00:48:02.889 --> 00:48:03.289
doing<00:48:03.010><c> something.</c>

00:48:03.289 --> 00:48:08.949
And<00:48:03.289><c> what</c><00:48:03.469><c> it's</c><00:48:03.750><c> doing</c><00:48:04.289><c> is</c><00:48:05.070><c> calling</c><00:48:05.469><c> into</c><00:48:06.110><c> action</c><00:48:06.909><c> the</c><00:48:07.809><c> protein</c><00:48:08.250><c> coding</c><00:48:08.610><c> genes.</c>

00:48:09.010 --> 00:48:12.090
So<00:48:09.170><c> you</c><00:48:09.210><c> can</c><00:48:09.389><c> think</c><00:48:09.510><c> of</c><00:48:09.610><c> the</c><00:48:09.889><c> protein</c><00:48:10.170><c> coding</c><00:48:10.510><c> genes</c><00:48:11.010><c> as</c><00:48:11.630><c> being</c>

00:48:12.090 --> 00:48:14.389
the<00:48:12.449><c> sort</c><00:48:12.550><c> of</c><00:48:12.829><c> toolbox</c><00:48:13.269><c> of</c><00:48:13.630><c> subroutines,</c>

00:48:14.630 --> 00:48:17.630
which<00:48:14.789><c> is</c><00:48:15.030><c> pretty</c><00:48:15.269><c> much</c><00:48:15.489><c> common</c><00:48:15.869><c> to</c><00:48:16.130><c> all</c><00:48:16.789><c> mammals.</c>

00:48:17.909 --> 00:48:20.849
Mice<00:48:18.309><c> and</c><00:48:18.550><c> men</c><00:48:18.809><c> have</c><00:48:19.170><c> the</c><00:48:19.389><c> same</c><00:48:19.630><c> number,</c><00:48:20.090><c> roughly</c><00:48:20.329><c> speaking,</c>

00:48:21.309 --> 00:48:22.650
of<00:48:21.590><c> protein</c><00:48:21.949><c> coding</c><00:48:22.309><c> genes,</c>

00:48:22.670 --> 00:48:26.969
and<00:48:22.789><c> that's</c><00:48:23.070><c> always</c><00:48:23.250><c> been</c><00:48:24.210><c> a</c><00:48:24.730><c> bit</c><00:48:24.849><c> of</c><00:48:25.090><c> a</c><00:48:25.230><c> blow</c><00:48:25.389><c> to</c><00:48:25.590><c> the</c><00:48:25.769><c> self</c><00:48:25.989><c>-esteem</c><00:48:26.349><c> of</c><00:48:26.590><c> humanity.</c>

00:48:27.309 --> 00:48:30.989
But<00:48:27.469><c> what</c><00:48:27.670><c> the</c><00:48:27.909><c> point</c><00:48:28.130><c> is</c><00:48:28.889><c> that</c><00:48:29.250><c> that</c><00:48:29.650><c> was</c><00:48:29.829><c> just</c><00:48:30.010><c> the</c><00:48:30.269><c> subroutines</c><00:48:30.650><c> that</c><00:48:30.889><c> are</c>

00:48:30.989 --> 00:48:31.849
called<00:48:31.110><c> into</c><00:48:31.409><c> being.</c>

00:48:31.849 --> 00:48:37.789
The<00:48:32.309><c> program</c><00:48:32.730><c> that's</c><00:48:33.070><c> calling</c><00:48:33.349><c> them</c><00:48:33.690><c> into</c><00:48:34.050><c> action</c><00:48:34.789><c> is</c><00:48:36.090><c> the</c><00:48:37.550><c> rest,</c>

00:48:37.789 --> 00:48:40.289
which<00:48:37.989><c> had</c><00:48:38.190><c> previously</c><00:48:38.550><c> been</c><00:48:38.789><c> written</c><00:48:39.010><c> off</c><00:48:39.250><c> as</c><00:48:39.489><c> junk.</c>

00:48:40.369 --> 00:48:44.070
I<00:48:40.429><c> have</c><00:48:40.710><c> noticed</c><00:48:41.110><c> that</c><00:48:41.670><c> there</c><00:48:41.969><c> are</c><00:48:42.190><c> some</c><00:48:43.110><c> creationists</c><00:48:43.889><c> who</c>

00:48:44.070 --> 00:48:44.630
are<00:48:44.110><c> jumping</c><00:48:44.329><c> on</c><00:48:44.489><c> it</c>

00:48:44.630 --> 00:48:47.469
because<00:48:44.849><c> they</c><00:48:45.130><c> think</c><00:48:45.369><c> that's</c><00:48:45.670><c> awkward</c><00:48:46.010><c> for</c><00:48:46.289><c> Darwinism.</c>

00:48:47.510 --> 00:48:49.510
Quite<00:48:47.730><c> the</c><00:48:47.909><c> contrary,</c><00:48:48.250><c> of</c><00:48:48.349><c> course,</c><00:48:48.469><c> it's</c><00:48:48.750><c> exactly</c><00:48:49.110><c> what</c><00:48:49.309><c> a</c>

00:48:49.510 --> 00:48:51.230
Darwinist<00:48:49.849><c> would</c><00:48:50.010><c> hope</c><00:48:50.250><c> for.</c>

00:48:54.570 --> 00:48:57.690
If<00:48:54.849><c> you</c><00:48:55.070><c> take</c><00:48:55.329><c> genes</c><00:48:55.650><c> that</c><00:48:55.889><c> are</c><00:48:56.070><c> no</c><00:48:56.190><c> longer</c><00:48:56.510><c> functional,</c><00:48:57.530><c> that</c>

00:48:57.690 --> 00:48:58.670
are<00:48:57.849><c> just</c><00:48:58.150><c> vestigial,</c>

00:48:58.690 --> 00:48:59.610
they're<00:48:58.809><c> not</c><00:48:59.070><c> doing</c><00:48:59.269><c> anything.</c>

00:48:59.610 --> 00:49:02.530
And<00:48:59.989><c> even</c><00:49:00.230><c> pseudogenes</c><00:49:00.809><c> that</c><00:49:01.030><c> don't</c><00:49:01.190><c> do</c><00:49:01.349><c> anything</c><00:49:01.650><c> but</c><00:49:01.929><c> are</c>

00:49:02.530 --> 00:49:03.730
vestigial<00:49:03.170><c> relics</c>

00:49:03.730 --> 00:49:06.690
of<00:49:04.530><c> genes</c><00:49:04.750><c> that</c><00:49:05.010><c> once</c><00:49:06.030><c> did</c><00:49:06.269><c> something.</c>

00:49:07.030 --> 00:49:10.150
Now,<00:49:07.570><c> this</c><00:49:07.690><c> is</c><00:49:08.030><c> massive,</c><00:49:08.449><c> massive,</c><00:49:08.829><c> massive</c><00:49:09.250><c> quantities</c><00:49:09.550><c> of</c><00:49:09.809><c> evidence</c>

00:49:10.150 --> 00:49:14.250
left<00:49:11.130><c> lying</c><00:49:11.670><c> around</c><00:49:12.050><c> the</c><00:49:12.250><c> Earth</c><00:49:12.349><c> in</c><00:49:12.570><c> every</c><00:49:12.989><c> species</c><00:49:13.349><c> of</c><00:49:13.590><c> creature</c><00:49:13.750><c> that's</c><00:49:14.030><c> ever</c>

00:49:14.250 --> 00:49:15.190
been<00:49:14.469><c> looked</c><00:49:14.750><c> at</c>

00:49:15.190 --> 00:49:18.429
is<00:49:15.590><c> carrying</c><00:49:15.889><c> around</c><00:49:16.690><c> massive</c><00:49:17.170><c> quantities</c><00:49:17.570><c> of</c><00:49:17.849><c> evidence</c><00:49:18.110><c> in</c>

00:49:18.429 --> 00:49:19.489
the<00:49:18.630><c> DNA.</c>

00:49:19.590 --> 00:49:23.469
It's<00:49:19.769><c> like</c><00:49:20.469><c> fragments</c><00:49:21.050><c> of</c><00:49:21.730><c> a</c><00:49:21.989><c> document</c><00:49:22.329><c> on</c><00:49:22.650><c> your</c><00:49:22.909><c> hard</c><00:49:23.190><c> disk,</c>

00:49:23.489 --> 00:49:24.789
which<00:49:23.710><c> are</c><00:49:23.849><c> no</c><00:49:24.010><c> longer</c><00:49:24.170><c> being</c><00:49:24.449><c> used.</c>

00:49:24.989 --> 00:49:27.469
They're<00:49:25.250><c> no</c><00:49:25.730><c> longer</c><00:49:25.989><c> on</c><00:49:26.230><c> the</c><00:49:26.489><c> directory,</c><00:49:26.869><c> so</c><00:49:27.050><c> you</c><00:49:27.090><c> no</c><00:49:27.309><c> longer</c>

00:49:27.469 --> 00:49:28.449
see<00:49:27.730><c> them.</c>

00:49:28.889 --> 00:49:30.969
Creationists<00:49:29.489><c> who</c><00:49:29.590><c> are</c><00:49:29.690><c> jumping</c><00:49:29.929><c> on</c><00:49:30.090><c> it</c><00:49:30.210><c> because</c><00:49:30.449><c> they</c><00:49:30.730><c> think</c>

00:49:30.969 --> 00:49:32.690
that's<00:49:31.250><c> awkward</c><00:49:31.590><c> for</c><00:49:31.889><c> Darwinism.</c>

00:49:32.809 --> 00:49:37.170
...is<00:49:33.409><c> the</c><00:49:33.670><c> traces,</c><00:49:34.190><c> the</c><00:49:34.469><c> remains,</c><00:49:34.869><c> you</c><00:49:34.989><c> see</c><00:49:35.230><c> the</c><00:49:36.050><c> consequences</c><00:49:36.730><c> of</c><00:49:37.030><c> the</c>

00:49:37.170 --> 00:49:38.170
evolutionary<00:49:37.710><c> process.</c>

00:49:38.389 --> 00:49:42.110
And<00:49:38.429><c> you</c><00:49:38.610><c> find</c><00:49:38.809><c> that</c><00:49:39.030><c> it</c><00:49:39.110><c> forms</c><00:49:39.389><c> a</c><00:49:39.869><c> perfect</c><00:49:40.610><c> branching</c><00:49:41.590><c> hierarchy.</c>

00:49:42.510 --> 00:49:47.929
What<00:49:43.110><c> Richard</c><00:49:43.530><c> Dawkins</c><00:49:44.909><c> was</c><00:49:45.550><c> saying</c><00:49:45.829><c> on</c><00:49:46.070><c> that</c><00:49:46.869><c> BBC</c><00:49:47.269><c> program</c>

00:49:47.929 --> 00:49:49.849
is<00:49:48.329><c> that</c>

00:49:49.849 --> 00:49:53.829
that<00:49:50.110><c> there</c><00:49:50.289><c> is</c><00:49:50.530><c> function</c><00:49:51.110><c> for</c><00:49:51.530><c> all</c><00:49:51.889><c> the</c><00:49:52.150><c> genome</c><00:49:52.710><c> is</c><00:49:53.309><c> exactly</c>

00:49:53.829 --> 00:49:56.469
what<00:49:54.090><c> you'd</c><00:49:54.550><c> expect</c><00:49:54.949><c> from</c><00:49:55.670><c> Darwinism.</c>

00:49:57.130 --> 00:50:03.510
Two<00:49:57.769><c> years</c><00:49:58.090><c> earlier,</c><00:49:59.289><c> he</c><00:49:59.510><c> said</c><00:50:00.070><c> that</c><00:50:01.110><c> this</c><00:50:01.469><c> junk</c><00:50:01.789><c> DNA</c><00:50:02.269><c> is</c><00:50:02.670><c> exactly</c><00:50:03.150><c> what</c>

00:50:03.510 --> 00:50:05.710
you'd<00:50:03.929><c> expect</c><00:50:04.130><c> from</c><00:50:04.429><c> Darwinism.</c>

00:50:07.849 --> 00:50:11.789
That's<00:50:08.489><c> the</c><00:50:08.710><c> voice</c><00:50:08.929><c> of</c><00:50:09.230><c> Darwinism.</c><00:50:09.829><c> He</c><00:50:10.010><c> is</c><00:50:10.409><c> the</c><00:50:11.170><c> high</c><00:50:11.510><c> priest</c>

00:50:11.789 --> 00:50:12.809
of<00:50:12.010><c> Darwinism.</c>

00:50:13.289 --> 00:50:15.869
And<00:50:13.429><c> you</c><00:50:13.489><c> would</c><00:50:13.809><c> not</c><00:50:14.110><c> know</c><00:50:14.409><c> that</c><00:50:14.670><c> he</c><00:50:14.809><c> was</c><00:50:15.010><c> eating</c><00:50:15.250><c> humble</c><00:50:15.590><c> pie,</c>

00:50:16.010 --> 00:50:16.889
would<00:50:16.090><c> you?</c>

00:50:17.050 --> 00:50:21.329
You<00:50:17.510><c> would</c><00:50:17.670><c> have</c><00:50:17.889><c> no</c><00:50:18.210><c> conception</c><00:50:18.889><c> that</c><00:50:19.610><c> he</c><00:50:19.909><c> has</c><00:50:20.110><c> had</c><00:50:20.250><c> to</c><00:50:20.650><c> reverse</c><00:50:20.969><c> his</c>

00:50:21.329 --> 00:50:22.969
opinion<00:50:22.050><c> 100%.</c>

00:50:22.969 --> 00:50:27.710
So<00:50:23.989><c> it's</c><00:50:25.449><c> exactly</c><00:50:25.849><c> what</c><00:50:26.150><c> a</c><00:50:26.409><c> Darwinist</c><00:50:26.849><c> would</c><00:50:27.070><c> hope</c><00:50:27.369><c> for.</c>

00:50:27.949 --> 00:50:31.110
The<00:50:28.030><c> majority</c><00:50:28.670><c> of</c><00:50:28.909><c> it</c><00:50:29.070><c> is</c><00:50:29.289><c> doing</c><00:50:29.530><c> something,</c><00:50:30.010><c> he</c><00:50:30.269><c> says.</c>

00:50:31.650 --> 00:50:35.670
But<00:50:31.829><c> just</c><00:50:32.070><c> before,</c><00:50:32.690><c> he</c><00:50:32.690><c> says,</c><00:50:33.389><c> a</c><00:50:33.590><c> gene</c><00:50:33.849><c> that</c><00:50:34.090><c> does</c><00:50:34.550><c> absolutely</c><00:50:35.170><c> nothing</c>

00:50:35.670 --> 00:50:39.050
and<00:50:35.869><c> gives</c><00:50:36.090><c> every</c><00:50:36.469><c> appearance</c><00:50:36.909><c> of</c><00:50:37.190><c> being</c><00:50:37.349><c> a</c><00:50:37.670><c> superannuated</c><00:50:38.329><c> version</c><00:50:38.710><c> of</c><00:50:38.889><c> a</c>

00:50:39.050 --> 00:50:40.429
gene<00:50:39.170><c> that</c><00:50:39.389><c> used</c><00:50:39.590><c> to</c><00:50:39.769><c> do</c><00:50:39.949><c> something</c>

00:50:40.429 --> 00:50:43.750
unless<00:50:40.929><c> he</c><00:50:41.170><c> was</c><00:50:41.710><c> deliberately</c><00:50:42.349><c> setting</c><00:50:42.690><c> us</c><00:50:42.969><c> out</c><00:50:43.130><c> to</c><00:50:43.269><c> be</c><00:50:43.489><c> fools</c>

00:50:43.750 --> 00:50:45.409
God<00:50:44.050><c> would</c><00:50:44.250><c> never</c><00:50:44.550><c> create.</c>

00:50:45.449 --> 00:50:49.010
So<00:50:45.650><c> he</c><00:50:45.889><c> said</c><00:50:46.050><c> junk</c><00:50:46.409><c> DNA</c><00:50:46.849><c> is</c><00:50:47.289><c> proof</c><00:50:47.489><c> positive</c><00:50:48.090><c> there's</c><00:50:48.369><c> no</c><00:50:48.570><c> creator.</c>

00:50:49.010 --> 00:50:53.349
Now<00:50:50.110><c> he</c><00:50:50.369><c> says,</c><00:50:51.610><c> but</c><00:50:51.710><c> there's</c><00:50:52.010><c> no</c><00:50:52.170><c> junk</c><00:50:52.409><c> DNA</c><00:50:52.809><c> anymore.</c>

00:50:53.789 --> 00:50:55.650
It's<00:50:54.230><c> all</c><00:50:54.389><c> doing</c><00:50:54.670><c> something.</c>

00:50:56.650 --> 00:51:00.469
And<00:50:56.949><c> now</c><00:50:57.130><c> he</c><00:50:57.309><c> says,</c><00:50:58.010><c> and</c><00:50:58.010><c> some</c><00:50:59.210><c> creationists</c><00:50:59.849><c> are</c><00:51:00.030><c> jumping</c><00:51:00.250><c> on</c>

00:51:00.469 --> 00:51:01.989
the<00:51:00.690><c> bandwagon.</c>

00:51:06.590 --> 00:51:11.269
Well,<00:51:07.190><c> that</c><00:51:07.789><c> ENCODE</c><00:51:08.289><c> project,</c><00:51:09.730><c> which</c><00:51:09.730><c> is</c><00:51:09.989><c> a</c><00:51:10.150><c> huge</c><00:51:10.610><c> multi</c>

00:51:11.269 --> 00:51:12.269
-university<00:51:11.909><c> study,</c>

00:51:12.389 --> 00:51:14.630
trying<00:51:12.570><c> to</c><00:51:12.789><c> find</c><00:51:12.849><c> what</c><00:51:13.030><c> the</c><00:51:13.210><c> function</c><00:51:13.469><c> of</c><00:51:13.670><c> this</c><00:51:13.909><c> DNA</c><00:51:14.269><c> is,</c>

00:51:14.630 --> 00:51:19.230
of<00:51:15.250><c> course,</c><00:51:16.010><c> as</c><00:51:16.349><c> in</c><00:51:16.650><c> showing</c><00:51:16.789><c> there</c><00:51:17.030><c> are</c><00:51:17.250><c> functions</c><00:51:17.750><c> for</c><00:51:18.090><c> this</c><00:51:18.369><c> junk.</c>

00:51:20.449 --> 00:51:23.570
The<00:51:20.710><c> Darwinists</c><00:51:21.070><c> hate</c><00:51:21.349><c> that</c><00:51:21.690><c> concept.</c><00:51:22.590><c> They</c><00:51:22.869><c> put</c><00:51:23.030><c> a</c><00:51:23.170><c> lot</c><00:51:23.289><c> of</c>

00:51:23.570 --> 00:51:24.650
store<00:51:23.750><c> it</c><00:51:23.909><c> being</c><00:51:24.190><c> junk.</c>

00:51:25.130 --> 00:51:29.190
They<00:51:25.409><c> told</c><00:51:25.690><c> creationists,</c><00:51:26.809><c> give</c><00:51:27.170><c> up</c><00:51:27.510><c> because</c><00:51:27.909><c> there's</c><00:51:28.190><c> all</c><00:51:28.349><c> this</c><00:51:28.630><c> junk</c><00:51:28.809><c> and</c><00:51:29.030><c> a</c>

00:51:29.190 --> 00:51:31.090
creator<00:51:29.409><c> wouldn't</c><00:51:29.650><c> have</c><00:51:29.849><c> created</c><00:51:30.150><c> junk.</c>

00:51:31.309 --> 00:51:33.849
The<00:51:31.550><c> fact</c><00:51:31.690><c> it's</c><00:51:31.949><c> not</c><00:51:32.210><c> junk</c><00:51:32.489><c> is</c><00:51:32.730><c> embarrassing</c><00:51:33.269><c> to</c><00:51:33.530><c> them.</c>

00:51:34.150 --> 00:51:37.429
So<00:51:34.289><c> this</c><00:51:34.530><c> ENCODE</c><00:51:34.949><c> project</c><00:51:35.369><c> that</c><00:51:35.690><c> shows</c><00:51:35.889><c> it's</c><00:51:36.289><c> not</c><00:51:36.570><c> junk</c><00:51:36.929><c> is</c>

00:51:37.429 --> 00:51:38.969
now<00:51:37.650><c> under</c><00:51:37.969><c> attack.</c>

00:51:39.489 --> 00:51:44.250
And<00:51:40.090><c> this</c><00:51:40.369><c> article</c><00:51:40.710><c> I</c><00:51:40.849><c> came</c><00:51:41.010><c> across,</c><00:51:43.250><c> which</c><00:51:43.389><c> they</c><00:51:43.750><c> said</c><00:51:43.889><c> some</c>

00:51:44.250 --> 00:51:47.409
people<00:51:44.530><c> are</c><00:51:44.889><c> disputing</c><00:51:45.349><c> the</c><00:51:45.630><c> main</c><00:51:45.849><c> findings</c><00:51:46.329><c> of</c><00:51:46.590><c> the</c><00:51:46.829><c> ENCODE</c><00:51:47.150><c> project.</c>

00:51:47.449 --> 00:51:50.610
This<00:51:47.610><c> is</c><00:51:48.050><c> a</c><00:51:48.469><c> respected</c><00:51:49.090><c> genetics</c><00:51:49.710><c> journal.</c><00:51:50.150><c> This</c><00:51:50.269><c> isn't</c><00:51:50.449><c> a</c>

00:51:50.610 --> 00:51:51.329
religious<00:51:50.909><c> journal.</c>

00:51:51.530 --> 00:51:53.690
And<00:51:51.730><c> this</c><00:51:51.909><c> is</c><00:51:52.010><c> what</c><00:51:52.110><c> they</c><00:51:52.429><c> say</c><00:51:52.610><c> at</c><00:51:52.889><c> the</c><00:51:53.010><c> end.</c>

00:51:53.989 --> 00:51:58.510
We<00:51:54.170><c> suggest</c><00:51:54.650><c> that</c><00:51:54.949><c> resistance</c><00:51:55.610><c> to</c><00:51:55.889><c> these</c><00:51:56.170><c> findings</c><00:51:56.690><c> is</c><00:51:57.030><c> further</c><00:51:57.369><c> motivated</c><00:51:58.130><c> in</c>

00:51:58.510 --> 00:51:59.269
some<00:51:58.769><c> quarters</c>

00:51:59.269 --> 00:52:03.250
by<00:51:59.869><c> the</c><00:52:00.070><c> use</c><00:52:00.250><c> of</c><00:52:00.469><c> the</c><00:52:00.670><c> dubious</c><00:52:01.090><c> concept</c><00:52:01.630><c> of</c><00:52:01.909><c> junk</c><00:52:02.150><c> DNA</c><00:52:02.650><c> as</c>

00:52:03.250 --> 00:52:05.170
evidence<00:52:03.610><c> against</c><00:52:04.090><c> intelligent</c><00:52:04.670><c> design.</c>

00:52:05.170 --> 00:52:10.329
So<00:52:06.150><c> they're</c><00:52:06.449><c> saying</c><00:52:06.489><c> the</c><00:52:06.869><c> reason</c><00:52:07.429><c> why</c><00:52:08.269><c> scientists,</c><00:52:09.650><c> apparently</c><00:52:09.949><c> for</c>

00:52:10.329 --> 00:52:11.530
scientific<00:52:10.829><c> reasons,</c>

00:52:11.849 --> 00:52:16.369
are<00:52:11.969><c> using</c><00:52:12.269><c> scientific</c><00:52:12.849><c> arguments</c><00:52:13.610><c> to</c><00:52:13.969><c> debunk</c><00:52:14.670><c> a</c><00:52:15.030><c> study</c><00:52:15.409><c> is</c>

00:52:16.369 --> 00:52:18.570
because<00:52:16.730><c> they</c><00:52:16.969><c> don't</c><00:52:17.329><c> like</c><00:52:17.670><c> the</c><00:52:18.030><c> study,</c>

00:52:18.989 --> 00:52:26.110
not<00:52:19.409><c> for</c><00:52:19.769><c> scientific</c><00:52:20.389><c> reasons,</c><00:52:21.469><c> but</c><00:52:21.710><c> for</c><00:52:21.989><c> their</c><00:52:22.369><c> own</c><00:52:23.050><c> religious</c><00:52:24.030><c> atheism</c><00:52:25.050><c> reasons.</c>

00:52:27.530 --> 00:52:32.409
So<00:52:28.289><c> don't</c><00:52:29.050><c> be</c><00:52:29.530><c> fooled</c><00:52:29.969><c> when</c><00:52:30.349><c> someone</c><00:52:30.750><c> says</c><00:52:31.210><c> scientists</c><00:52:32.050><c> have</c>

00:52:32.409 --> 00:52:34.969
shown<00:52:32.789><c> or</c><00:52:33.409><c> science</c><00:52:33.929><c> says,</c>

00:52:35.949 --> 00:52:39.570
because<00:52:36.210><c> what</c><00:52:36.409><c> the</c><00:52:36.670><c> science</c><00:52:36.909><c> is</c><00:52:37.190><c> showing</c><00:52:37.469><c> is</c><00:52:38.070><c> that</c><00:52:38.349><c> the</c><00:52:38.690><c> created</c><00:52:38.989><c> world</c>

00:52:39.570 --> 00:52:43.030
is<00:52:40.110><c> so</c><00:52:40.469><c> exquisitely</c><00:52:42.130><c> complex</c>

00:52:43.030 --> 00:52:48.789
and<00:52:43.469><c> so</c><00:52:44.190><c> highly</c><00:52:44.730><c> organized</c><00:52:45.510><c> to</c><00:52:46.070><c> a</c><00:52:46.309><c> level</c><00:52:46.510><c> beyond</c><00:52:47.070><c> human</c><00:52:47.469><c> imagination.</c>

00:52:49.530 --> 00:52:53.050
They're<00:52:49.789><c> telling</c><00:52:49.889><c> me</c><00:52:50.230><c> that</c><00:52:50.469><c> that</c><00:52:50.730><c> came</c><00:52:50.929><c> out</c><00:52:51.150><c> of</c><00:52:51.329><c> nothing</c><00:52:51.650><c> by</c><00:52:52.030><c> chance.</c>

00:52:53.349 --> 00:52:54.750
You've<00:52:53.670><c> got</c><00:52:53.690><c> to</c><00:52:53.829><c> be</c><00:52:53.989><c> joking.</c>

00:52:55.829 --> 00:53:00.409
So<00:52:56.349><c> if</c><00:52:56.510><c> you've</c><00:52:56.769><c> got</c><00:52:56.849><c> any</c><00:52:57.110><c> problems</c><00:52:57.409><c> on</c><00:52:57.630><c> that,</c><00:52:58.449><c> don't</c><00:52:58.789><c> be</c><00:52:59.090><c> put</c><00:52:59.329><c> off.</c>

00:53:00.429 --> 00:53:02.210
I'm<00:53:00.489><c> not</c><00:53:00.690><c> saying</c><00:53:00.809><c> you</c><00:53:01.010><c> should</c><00:53:01.190><c> spend</c><00:53:01.389><c> lots</c><00:53:01.650><c> of</c><00:53:01.789><c> time</c><00:53:01.949><c> looking</c>

00:53:02.210 --> 00:53:05.530
at<00:53:02.449><c> it</c><00:53:02.630><c> because</c><00:53:02.969><c> the</c><00:53:03.349><c> evidence</c><00:53:03.590><c> for</c><00:53:03.849><c> creation</c><00:53:04.389><c> is</c><00:53:05.130><c> there</c><00:53:05.309><c> to</c>

00:53:05.530 --> 00:53:05.869
be<00:53:05.750><c> seen.</c>

00:53:05.949 --> 00:53:12.650
It's<00:53:06.190><c> all</c><00:53:06.389><c> around</c><00:53:06.670><c> us</c><00:53:06.909><c> in</c><00:53:07.610><c> the</c><00:53:08.269><c> design</c><00:53:08.730><c> of</c><00:53:09.090><c> the</c><00:53:09.309><c> world</c><00:53:09.469><c> that</c><00:53:10.030><c> the</c><00:53:10.429><c> Father</c><00:53:10.730><c> has</c><00:53:11.550><c> created</c><00:53:12.150><c> for</c><00:53:12.389><c> us</c>

00:53:12.650 --> 00:53:13.909
to<00:53:13.269><c> seek</c><00:53:13.530><c> him</c><00:53:13.730><c> in.</c>

00:53:13.929 --> 00:53:17.730
He's<00:53:14.170><c> given</c><00:53:14.289><c> us</c><00:53:14.610><c> sufficient</c><00:53:14.989><c> evidence</c><00:53:15.610><c> to</c><00:53:16.469><c> believe</c><00:53:16.869><c> that</c><00:53:17.110><c> he</c><00:53:17.329><c> exists,</c>

00:53:17.730 --> 00:53:21.590
and<00:53:17.889><c> he's</c><00:53:18.110><c> given</c><00:53:18.309><c> us</c><00:53:18.570><c> this</c><00:53:18.809><c> book</c><00:53:19.050><c> of</c><00:53:19.289><c> life,</c><00:53:19.510><c> the</c><00:53:19.730><c> word</c><00:53:20.010><c> of</c><00:53:20.309><c> truth,</c><00:53:21.409><c> to</c>

00:53:21.590 --> 00:53:22.889
find<00:53:21.829><c> out</c><00:53:22.030><c> his</c><00:53:22.329><c> character</c>

00:53:22.889 --> 00:53:26.429
and<00:53:23.610><c> to</c><00:53:23.929><c> follow</c><00:53:24.090><c> him</c><00:53:24.650><c> through</c><00:53:25.090><c> our</c><00:53:25.289><c> Lord</c><00:53:25.429><c> Jesus</c><00:53:25.909><c> Christ.</c>

00:53:26.909 --> 00:53:29.909
And<00:53:27.150><c> then</c><00:53:27.570><c> we</c><00:53:28.050><c> will</c><00:53:28.269><c> be</c><00:53:28.590><c> sure</c><00:53:28.829><c> that</c><00:53:29.010><c> when</c><00:53:29.269><c> the</c><00:53:29.369><c> Lord</c><00:53:29.489><c> Jesus</c>

00:53:29.909 --> 00:53:30.349
Christ<00:53:30.150><c> comes,</c>

00:53:30.469 --> 00:53:32.909
he'll<00:53:30.510><c> give</c><00:53:30.590><c> us</c><00:53:30.829><c> so</c><00:53:31.050><c> many</c><00:53:31.309><c> wonderful</c><00:53:31.730><c> signs</c><00:53:32.110><c> of</c><00:53:32.329><c> the</c><00:53:32.550><c> times,</c>

00:53:33.190 --> 00:53:34.789
so<00:53:33.469><c> much</c><00:53:33.690><c> evidence,</c>

00:53:35.630 --> 00:53:40.150
so<00:53:36.150><c> much</c><00:53:36.469><c> evidence</c><00:53:36.969><c> of</c><00:53:37.289><c> the</c><00:53:37.690><c> sure</c><00:53:37.969><c> word</c><00:53:38.210><c> of</c><00:53:38.590><c> prophecy</c><00:53:39.010><c> that</c><00:53:39.929><c> we</c>

00:53:40.150 --> 00:53:41.510
can<00:53:40.289><c> look</c><00:53:40.630><c> forward</c><00:53:40.869><c> to</c><00:53:41.030><c> the</c><00:53:41.250><c> kingdom</c>

00:53:41.510 --> 00:53:45.429
and<00:53:41.650><c> not</c><00:53:41.829><c> be</c><00:53:42.110><c> put</c><00:53:42.349><c> off</c><00:53:42.869><c> by</c><00:53:43.250><c> the</c><00:53:43.489><c> pseudo</c><00:53:43.769><c> arguments</c><00:53:44.489><c> of</c><00:53:45.150><c> those</c>

00:53:45.429 --> 00:53:48.929
who<00:53:45.809><c> hate</c><00:53:46.010><c> the</c><00:53:46.269><c> concept</c><00:53:46.789><c> of</c><00:53:47.369><c> that</c><00:53:47.590><c> kingdom</c><00:53:47.889><c> to</c><00:53:48.170><c> come.</c>

00:53:49.650 --> 00:53:50.690
Thanks<00:53:49.889><c> so</c><00:53:50.050><c> much.</c>